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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1805-1817.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34187

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen application levels on the accumulation, distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the corresponding yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy soil

CAO Zi-Qi1,2(), ZHAO Xiao-Qing1,3, ZHANG Xiang-Qian1,3, WANG Jian-Guo1, LI Juan3, HAN Yun-Fei1, LIU Dan3, GAO Yan-Hua3, LU Zhan-Yuan1,3,*(), REN Yong-Feng1,3,*()   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    3School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-11-12 Accepted:2024-04-01 Online:2024-07-12 Published:2024-04-19
  • Contact: *E-mail: lzhy281@163.com; E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507602)

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Abstract:

The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of Cyperus esculentus under sandy soil conditions were evaluated, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in Cyperus esculentus under sandy soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted with four nitrogen application levels: no nitrogen (N0), low nitrogen (N1), medium nitrogen (N2), and high nitrogen (N3). The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of Cyperus esculentus ‘Zhongyousha 1’ were explored. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in stems, leaves, roots, and tubers of Cyperus esculentus showed an increasing with the development of growth. Before the tuber formation period, Cyperus esculentus was mainly based on the vegetative growth of the above-ground stems and leaves. After the tuber formation period, the growth centre gradually shifted to the underground tubers, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation and distribution in the tubers was as high as 43.34%-51.00% at harvest stage. The dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of tubers at N2 level in two years were higher than those at other levels, which were 17.50% and 4.00% higher than those at other nitrogen levels, respectively. Cyperus esculentus had a large demand for nitrogen and potassium, and less phosphorus. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus was the order: tuber > stem and leaf > root, and tuber became the final storage organ of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus. The cumulative absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus under N2 level had been at a high-level during growth period, especially the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tubers at maturity stage reached 47.09%, 65.82%, and 56.40%, respectively. Under the N2 level, compared with other nitrogen application levels, the above-ground biomass, under-ground biomass, 1000-grain weight, and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus were higher than other levels, and increased by 5.57%, 7.40%, 15.83%, and 18.12% on average, respectively. Therefore, under the cultivation conditions of low sandy soil fertility level, 150 kg hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer was more suitable for Cyperus esculentus.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield

Table 1

Basic soil fertility of 0-30 cm soil layer at the test site"

年份
Year		 有机质
SOM (g kg-1)		 全氮
TN (g kg-1)		 全磷
TP (g kg-1)		 全钾
TK (g kg-1)		 速效磷
AP (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (mg kg-1)		 pH
2021 8.86 0.73 0.60 6.80 3.65 38.78 8.96
2022 6.28 0.32 0.36 14.99 2.58 75.40 8.65

Fig. 1

Effects of different N fertilizing amount on stem and leaf, root, tuber dry matter accumulation of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages N0: nitrogen application rate was 0 kg hm-2; N1: nitrogen application rate was 75 kg hm-2; N2: nitrogen application rate was 150 kg hm-2; N3: nitrogen application rate was 225 kg hm-2. RT: rapid tillering stage; TF: tuber formation stage; TE: tuber expansion stage; H: harvest stage. The error line represents the standard deviation."

Fig. 2

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on dry matter distribution ratio of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 3

Effects of different N fertilizing amount on nitrogen accumulation of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 4

Effects of different N fertilizing amount on phosphorus accumulation of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 5

Effects of different N fertilizing amount on potassium accumulation of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 6

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on nitrogen distribution ratio of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 7

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on phosphorus distribution ratio of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Fig. 8

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on potassium distribution ratio of Cyperus esculentus at different growth stages Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. The error line represents the standard deviation. Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the treatments in the same year at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on biomass and yield in Cyperus esculentus"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 地上部生物量
Above-ground
biomass (kg hm-2)		 地下部生物量
Ground biomass
(kg hm-2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Tuber yield
(kg hm-2)
2021 N0 4953.47±149.47 c 4175.87±103.53 b 1085.63±20.18 b 8874.79±45.99 c
N1 5033.47±152.98 bc 4723.33±60.74 a 1222.00±34.83 a 9658.92±37.73 b
N2 5308.00±190.11 ab 4757.20±157.96 a 1262.67±33.79 a 10,336.06±28.31 a
N3 5411.60±197.35 a 4191.47±229.96 b 1038.57±31.11 b 9723.73±25.55 b
2022 N0 4295.07±26.45 b 4400.53±81.87 c 1046.73±33.72 b 7983.73±41.40 d
N1 5167.63±69.09 a 4807.50±81.87 a 1061.83±15.93 b 8540.33±69.86 c
N2 5265.23±73.69 a 4849.50±64.80 a 1221.20±24.78 a 10,945.20±72.01 a
N3 5295.87±91.10 a 4589.57±124.65 b 993.23±25.90 c 9417.88±34.07 b
F值 年份Y 9.99** 15.28** 38.27*** 487.07***
F-value 施氮量N 37.16*** 26.03*** 72.52*** 2316.08***
Y×N 10.00** 2.07NS 6.56** 397.45***
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