小豆产量相关性状的基因型与环境互作效应及稳定性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54049

Abstract

Abstract:

To evaluate the yield potential, adaptability, and stability of major cultivated adzuki bean varieties in China—and to provide guidance for regional application and breeding strategies—this study conducted multi-location trials involving 15 adzuki bean genotypes across eight representative ecological testing sites in major production areas during 2022 and 2023. A combination of joint variance analysis, correlation analysis, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to comprehensively assess yield and related agronomic traits. The results from the combined ANOVA showed that environmental factors were the primary drivers of variation in all traits except 100-seed weight, which was mainly influenced by genotype. The genotype × environment (G×E) interaction had a highly significant effect on yield and the number of main stem branches. Correlation analysis indicated that yield was strongly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant, identifying it as the core factor determining yield. AMMI and GGE analyses precisely revealed complex G×E interaction patterns, clarifying the specific adaptation zones and stability differences among genotypes. Comprehensive evaluation showed that genotype G5 exhibited high yield potential and was closest to an ideal genotype; genotypes such as G8 possessed both high yield and stable performance. Environmental assessment indicated that the Yulin (E5) testing site, owing to its excellent representativeness and discrimination ability, was identified as an ideal testing environment. Overall, the study confirms that environmental effects play a dominant role in shaping yield-related traits in adzuki bean, and that genotype × environment interaction must be fully considered in variety selection and promotion, and the number of pods per plant can serve as a core selection index for high-yield breeding. This study provides key data support and scientific guidance for the optimization of adzuki bean breeding strategies and the precise promotion of varieties in China.

Key words: adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), yield-related traits, genotype × environment interaction (G×E), stability, GGE biplot

HU Liang-Liang, ZHOU Hong-Mei, WANG Xiao-Lei, WANG Su-Hua, LI Cai-Ju, WEI Yun-Shan, WANG Li-Xia, CHENG Xu-Zhen, CHEN Hong-Lin. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(10): 2581-2594.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Phenotypic statistics of yield-related traits for the tested adzuki bean genotypes"

基因型 Genotype	参数 Parameter	株高 PH (cm)	主茎分枝数 NPB	单株荚数 PPP	单荚粒数 SPP	百粒重 HSW (g)	产量 YD (kg hm^-2)
G1	最小值 Min.	28.5	1.3	14.4	6.5	7.30	284.4
	最大值 Max.	55.7	5.5	51.6	12.0	12.22	2273.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	42.7±9.1	3.1±1.2	27.7±13.3	8.1±1.7	9.50±1.73	1283.4±627.8
G2	最小值 Min.	30.1	1.5	15.3	5.1	10.73	735.4
	最大值 Max.	77.2	4.7	43.5	11.7	15.40	2235.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	50.7±16.9	3.0±0.9	26.9±9.9	7.3±1.8	13.44±1.84	1435.2±459.6
G3	最小值 Min.	25.9	0.6	17.6	5.5	8.21	775.5
	最大值 Max.	67.9	4.5	55.7	11.5	12.98	2717.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.9±15.9	2.2±1.2	32.2±13.2	7.8±1.6	10.06±1.54	1560.0±562.0
G4	最小值 Min.	32.4	1.1	13.4	5.0	10.64	880.5
	最大值 Max.	68.0	3.2	49.8	11.6	13.93	2277.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.5±14.8	2.4±0.6	27.8±11.6	8.1±1.8	12.34±1.03	1469.2±379.2
G5	最小值 Min.	28.7	1.3	12.1	4.8	7.84	940.5
	最大值 Max.	70.7	4.0	49.5	11.1	13.42	2623.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	47.0±14.3	2.7±0.9	32.6±11.5	7.4±1.7	11.24±1.81	1560.3±472.0
G6	最小值 Min.	36.0	1.5	11.5	4.9	12.64	944.2
	最大值 Max.	92.5	3.7	37.9	11.0	21.93	2291.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	56.0±17.3	2.8±0.7	27.8±8.5	7.2±1.7	16.51±2.99	1575.2±447.5
G7	最小值 Min.	29.1	1.8	12.9	4.2	13.10	703.4
	最大值 Max.	66.7	4.2	37.3	10.0	23.05	2150.6
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.2±13.7	3.1±0.8	24.0±8.4	6.9±1.5	17.69±2.94	1564.1±474.2
G8	最小值 Min.	27.8	1.6	13.6	5.1	15.36	990.5
	最大值 Max.	73.9	4.8	38.3	9.8	20.51	2255.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.9±13.2	2.8±0.9	28.2±7.9	6.9±1.3	16.52±1.63	1597.4±418.1
G9	最小值 Min.	31.0	1.9	14.1	5.0	12.21	725.4
	最大值 Max.	86.5	5.0	36.9	10.8	17.90	2136.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	61.8±17.7	3.0±1.0	25.0±7.1	7.4±1.5	14.00±1.61	1540.8±444.0
G10	最小值 Min.	25.2	1.7	13.4	5.0	9.40	895.5
	最大值 Max.	83.4	4.6	39.1	9.0	14.89	1898.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.3±17.1	3.2±1.0	28.1±8.2	6.7±1.2	12.76±1.81	1496.7±311.7
G11	最小值 Min.	38.8	1.1	12.6	4.9	12.22	349.8
	最大值 Max.	68.1	4.2	40.4	10.6	19.02	2037.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	50.9±9.5	2.8±0.9	24.2±9.2	7.0±1.6	15.79±2.16	1407.6±550.2
G12	最小值 Min.	31.4	1.6	10.1	5.2	10.15	784.5
	最大值 Max.	70.1	3.7	37.3	11.6	13.50	1892.9
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.0±13.7	2.9±0.8	25.0±8.8	7.4±1.7	12.16±1.13	1285.8±352.2
G13	最小值 Min.	34.0	1.9	15.4	5.5	10.32	822.4
	最大值 Max.	96.6	4.3	36.6	9.7	18.59	2256.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	59.4±20.4	2.9±0.8	26.1±7.9	7.0±1.2	13.91±2.55	1492.0±432.3
G14	最小值 Min.	29.7	1.7	14.1	5.0	8.17	558.3
	最大值 Max.	84.2	3.8	34.0	10.6	21.54	2167.4
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	53.6±20.0	2.6±0.8	24.6±7.5	7.1±1.5	13.88±4.26	1334.2±509.7
G15	最小值 Min.	42.8	2.2	7.1	4.6	12.42	700.3
	最大值 Max.	104.9	5.2	41.7	10.2	19.86	1903.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	66.4±18.3	3.8±0.9	22.4±11.8	6.7±1.6	15.52±2.40	1274.5±509.9
	变异系数 CV (%)	32.42	33.96	40.52	12.32	18.66	33.13

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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编号 No.	品种(系)名称 Varieties (lines) name	来源地 Origin
G1	龙11-203 Long 11-203	黑龙江哈尔滨 Harbin, Heilongjiang
G2	H1007	吉林长春 Changchun, Jilin
G3	195-609	黑龙江齐齐哈尔 Qiqihar, Heilongjiang
G4	辽红08704-05 Liaohong 08704-05	辽宁沈阳 Shenyang, Liaoning
G5	赤红3号 Chihong 3	内蒙古赤峰 Chifeng, Inner Mongolia
G6	品红2020-4-7-2 Pinhong 2020-4-7-2	北京 Beijing
G7	冀红0921反-4-1-3-3-4 Jihong 0921 fan-4-1-3-3-4	河北石家庄 Shijiazhuang, Hebei
G8	保红201429-8 Baohong 201429-8	河北保定 Baoding, Hebei
G9	唐红201301-2 Tanghong 201301-2	河北唐山 Tangshan, Hebei
G10	同红7号 Tonghong 7	山西大同 Datong, Shanxi
G11	苏红17-606 Suhong 17-606	江苏南京 Nanjing, Jiangsu
G12	桂红20-21-1 Guihong 20-21-1	广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi
G13	冀红352 Jihong 352	河北石家庄 Shijiazhuang, Hebei
G14	吉红14号 Jihong 14	吉林长春 Changchun, Jilin
G15	保红947 Baohong 947	河北保定 Baoding, Hebei

地点 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	生育期日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)	生育期平均温度 Average temperature (℃)
黑龙江哈尔滨 Harbin, Heilongjiang	147.0	黑土 Black soil	554.0	1334.1	17.6
辽宁沈阳 Shenyang, Liaoning	45.0	黑土 Black soil	464.0	887.9	22.9
内蒙古赤峰 Chifeng, Inner Mongolia	730.0	黏壤土 Clay loam	400.0	1325.6	21.0
山西太原 Taiyuan, Shanxi	781.3	褐土 Cinnamon soil	256.8	1582.0	22.1
陕西榆林 Yulin, Shaanxi	1122.7	沙壤土 Sandy loam	220.6	1237.6	20.5
河北保定 Baoding, Hebei	20.0	壤土 Loam	828.0	1598.6	23.6
江苏南京 Nanjing, Jiangsu	11.0	轻黏土 Light clay	412.4	1051.4	26.8
贵州毕节 Bijie, Guizhou	1640.0	黄壤土 Yellow loam	469.5	859.4	21.2

性状 Trait	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 Sum of square	F 值 F-value	显著性 Significance
株高PH	基因型 G	14	8757.30	1.74	0.056
	环境 E	7	47,685.36	18.90	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	12,145.80	0.35	1.000
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	43,160.69
	总变异 Total	359	111,749.14
主茎分枝数NPB	基因型 G	14	29.92	3.73	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	142.63	35.52	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	58.35	1.04	<0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	68.84
	总变异 Total	359	299.74
单株荚数PPP	基因型 G	14	1825.36	3.35	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	13,980.50	51.37	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	9420.68	2.47	< 0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	4665.51
	总变异 Total	359	29,892.04
单荚粒数SPP	基因型 G	14	44.38	1.70	0.061
	环境 E	7	527.86	40.80	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	58.36	0.32	1.000
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	221.77
	总变异 Total	359	852.36
百粒重HSW	基因型 G	14	1307.25	10.47	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	710.17	11.37	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	498.46	0.57	0.002^**
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	1070.38
	总变异 Total	359	3586.26
产量YD	基因型 G	14	2,993,689.81	0.62	0.842
	环境 E	7	33,520,298.83	13.94	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	19,525,446.10	0.58	< 0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	41,222,158.09
	总变异 Total	359	97,261,592.83

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 Sum of squares	占互作平方和百分比 Percentage of interaction G×E SS (%)	F 值 F-value	显著性 Significance
IPCA1	20	9,409,871.20	48.19	8.66	< 0.001^***
IPCA2	18	4,918,514.10	25.19	5.03	< 0.001^***
IPCA3	16	2,009,715.90	10.29	2.31	0.006^**
IPCA4	14	1,685,746.10	8.63	2.22	0.011^*
残差 Residual	30	1,501,598.70	7.69

Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)

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