基于氮肥运筹下水稻产量与品质协同的农艺生理指标解析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42024

Abstract

Abstract:

Achieving a synergistic improvement in both rice yield and quality remains a major challenge in rice production. A thorough analysis and clear identification of key population traits that influence the coordinated enhancement of yield and quality are crucial for guiding rice variety improvement and optimizing cultivation techniques. In this study, two rice varieties, Xiushui 134 (XS134) and Huanghuazhan (HHZ), were used to evaluate different nitrogen management strategies, including conventional fixed nitrogen applications (N0, N1, N2, N3) and dynamic nitrogen applications based on SPAD thresholds (RTNM, S34, S37, S40). Key agronomic and physiological indicators were collected at critical growth stages, along with yield and grain quality data. Multi-objective regression models were employed to analyze how key agronomic and physiological traits influence rice yield and grain quality. The results showed as follows: (1) A trade-off generally exists between rice yield and grain quality index (GQI); as nitrogen application increased, yield improved, but GQI tended to decrease, especially under fixed nitrogen application. However, compared to N2, the RTNM treatment reduced nitrogen application by 32.01% to 58.02%, while maintaining stable yields and improving GQI by 3.10% to 38.34% (with the exception of XS134 in 2022). This suggests that dynamic nitrogen management can alleviate the yield-quality trade-off, promoting yield-quality synergy. (2) Correlation analysis indicated that 28 out of 50 static agronomic traits were significantly correlated with both yield and GQI (56.00%). The three "yield-quality" regression models demonstrated varying degrees of predictive accuracy for rice yield (R²: 0.74–0.83; RMSE: 0.40–0.49) and GQI (R²: 0.81–0.90; RMSE: 0.63–0.88). Feature importance analysis highlighted that population biomass during the tillering stage positively influenced both yield and quality (0.09–6.37). Conversely, plant height, leaf area index, and leaf weight exhibited trade-offs in predicting yield and quality, suggesting that careful evaluation and optimization of these "mutually exclusive" indicators are necessary, particularly when ensuring sufficient population biomass. Furthermore, the population net assimilation rate (NAR) during ear development showed a positive impact on both yield and GQI (0.06–1.00), indicating that the photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf during this stage may be a key trait for achieving coordinated improvements in yield and quality. In summary, compared to conventional fixed nitrogen application, a dynamic nitrogen management strategy based on SPAD thresholds can achieve a certain level of synergy between rice yield and quality. Population biomass during the tillering stage and NAR during the ear development stage may serve as important reference indicators for achieving this synergy.

Key words: nitrogen fertilization, agronomic traits, rice yield, grain quality

QIN Jin-Hua, HONG Wei-Yuan, FENG Xiang-Qian, LI Zi-Qiu, ZHOU Zi-Yu, WANG Ai-Dong, LI Rui-Jie, WANG Dan-Ying, ZHANG Yun-Bo, CHEN Song. Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 485-502.

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Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management

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