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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 713-727.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44130

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of potato tuber starch formation and yield to phosphorus fertilizer reduction in the semi-arid region of Northwest China

SU Ming1(), WU Jia-Rui1,2, HONG Zi-Qiang1, LI Fan-Guo1, ZHOU Tian1, WU Hong-Liang1,*(), KANG Jian-Hong1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2Ningxia Reclamation Agricultural, Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center, Yinchuan 750011, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2024-08-11 Accepted:2024-10-29 Online:2025-03-12 Published:2024-11-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: kangjianhong@163.com; E-mail: nxuwu@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860336);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2019AAC03065);Ningxia Grain Crop Germplasm Creation and Growth Regulation Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2022BSB03109)

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Abstract:

To elucidate the effects of phosphorus reduction on potato starch synthesis and yield in semi-arid regions, a single-factor randomized block design was implemented in Haiyuan county, Ningxia, from 2018 to 2019. Using the local farmers’ customary phosphorus application rate of 240 kg hm-2 (RP) as a control, four phosphorus reduction treatments were established: P25 (180 kg hm-2, representing a 25% reduction), P50 (120 kg hm-2, 50% reduction), P75 (60 kg hm-2, 75% reduction), and CK (0 kg hm-2, serving as an absolute control with no phosphate fertilizer applied). This study analyzed the relationships between starch accumulation, enzyme activities, and yield, aiming to provide technical support for sustainable potato cultivation. The results indicate that a moderate reduction in phosphorus can significantly enhance potato starch content, accelerate the rate of accumulation, and consequently increase overall yield. Compared to RP, P50 resulted in a 7.64% and 7.76% increase in amylopectin and total starch content, respectively. The accumulation amount at the maximum starch accumulation rate (Wmax), the maximum starch accumulation rate (Gmax), and the average starch accumulation rate (Gmean) increased by 8.92%, 29.90%, and 26.23%, respectively. The starch yield, total dry matter mass, and total yield under P50 increased by 53.39%, 50.92%, and 25.62%, respectively. Enzyme activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granular starch synthase (GBSS), and starch branching enzyme (SBE) under P50 rose by 29.74%, 26.88%, 31.42%, 33.56%, and 18.72%, respectively. Principal component analysis ranked the treatments as P50 > P25 > RP > P75 > CK. In conclusion, reducing phosphorus application by 50% (to a rate of 120 kg hm-2) significantly enhances the activity of key enzymes involved in tuber starch synthesis and increases levels of amylopectin, amylose, and total starch content. This treatment also optimizes starch accumulation characteristics, leading to higher starch yield, total dry matter accumulation, and total yield. A comprehensive analysis suggests that the optimal economic range for phosphorus fertilization in potatoes within the semi-arid region of Ningxia is 120-137 kg hm-2, promoting sustainable, high-yield cultivation.

Key words: potato, phosphate fertilizer reduction, starch content, starch accumulation characteristics, starch synthesis key enzyme activities, yield

Table 1

Baseline soil properties of the experimental field from 2018 to 2019"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
decomposition (mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2018 8.05 10.58 0.78 0.64 38.22 26.34 195.63
2019 8.11 14.17 0.62 0.72 36.57 31.06 206.54

Table 2

Fertilizer application rates under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 施肥量 Rate of fertilizer application (kg hm-2) 氮肥分配 Split N fertilizer application
N P2O5 K2O 基肥
Base fertilizer (70%)		 追肥
Application fertilizer (30%)
RP 180 240 45 126 54
P25 180 180 45 126 54
P50 180 120 45 126 54
P75 180 60 45 126 54
CK 180 0 45 126 54

Fig. 1

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on amylose (A, B) and amylopectin content (C, D) of potato tubers Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. * and ** indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference. Y: year; T: treatment."

Fig. 2

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on tuber amyloset/amylopectin (A, B) and total starch content (C, D) Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. * and ** indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference. Y: year; T: treatment."

Fig. 3

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on the rate of starch accumulation Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. * and ** indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference. Y: year; T: treatment."

Table 3

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on total starch accumulation parameters in tubers"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 方程参数
Parameter of equation		 R2 淀粉积累参数
Starch accumulation parameter
A B K Tmax (d) Wmax (mg g-1) Gmax (mg g-1 d-1) D (d) Gmean (mg g-1 d-1)
2018 RP 64.11 5.41 0.0601 0.9914 28.09 32.06 0.96 64.65 0.61
P25 67.00 6.19 0.0671 0.9980 27.17 33.50 1.12 59.91 0.70
P50 74.26 6.73 0.0738 0.9996 25.83 37.13 1.37 55.61 0.84
P75 66.67 6.70 0.0632 0.9944 30.10 33.36 1.05 64.86 0.65
CK 51.28 5.13 0.0512 0.9914 31.94 25.64 0.66 74.85 0.42
2019 RP 64.42 6.14 0.0609 0.9977 29.80 32.21 0.98 65.88 0.61
P25 65.19 5.73 0.0634 0.9938 27.53 32.60 1.03 62.19 0.65
P50 65.77 6.47 0.0691 0.9942 27.02 32.89 1.14 58.82 0.70
P75 58.67 5.10 0.0529 0.9963 30.80 29.34 0.78 72.33 0.50
CK 53.07 5.12 0.0501 0.9877 32.60 26.54 0.66 76.45 0.43

Fig. 4

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on starch AGP activity Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 probability level. Y: year; T: treatment."

Fig. 5

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on starch UGP activity (A, B) and SSS activity (C, D) Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. * and ** indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference. Y: year; T: treatment."

Fig. 6

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on starch GBSS activity (A, B) and SBE activity (C, D) Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 probability levels. NS: no significant difference. Y: year; T: treatment."

Fig. 7

Correlation between tuber dry matter content and starch content (A), yield and phosphorus application (B, C) EPA: economically optimal phosphorus application rate; EPY: economically optimal yield. ** indicates significant correlation at P < 0.01."

Table 4

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on tuber yield and starch content and yield of potatoes"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 总干物质质量
Dry matter content of tubers
(g株-1)		 块茎产量
Tuber yield
(t hm-2)		 鲜基淀粉含量
Fresh base starch content
(%)		 淀粉产量
Starch yield (t hm-2)
2018 RP 278.44 c 33.66 b 15.75 b 5.30 c
P25 329.50 b 36.80 b 17.36 b 6.39 b
P50 399.89 a 42.03 a 20.64 a 8.67 a
P75 324.23 b 29.03 c 16.30 b 4.73 c
CK 201.07 d 28.57 c 12.24 c 3.50 d
2019 RP 249.76 d 31.92 bc 18.45 ab 5.89 b
P25 342.73 b 36.01 b 20.55 a 7.40 a
P50 397.25 a 40.35 a 21.06 a 8.50 a
P75 281.14 c 31.17 cd 15.42 b 4.81 c
CK 226.06 d 27.54 d 13.93 c 3.84 c
方差分析
ANOVA		 年份Year (Y) NS NS * *
处理 Treatment (T) * ** ** **
年份×处理 (Y×T) NS NS NS NS

Table 5

Correlation analysis of starch accumulation rate with starch content and key enzyme activity enzymes"

年份
Year		 项目
Item		 淀粉含量
Starch content		 AGP活性
AGP activity		 UGP活性
UGP activity		 SSS活性
SSS activity		 SBE活性
SBE activity		 GBSS活性
GBSS activity
2018 直链淀粉积累速率
Amylose
accumulation rate		 0.58* 0.75** 0.41NS 0.48NS 0.54* 0.88**
支链淀粉积累速率
Amylopectin
accumulation rate		 0.84** 0.39 NS 0.74** 0.52* 0.95** 0.53*
总淀粉积累速率
Total starch
accumulation rate		 0.77** 0.95** 0.55* 0.45NS 0.92** 0.76**
2019 直链淀粉积累速率
Amylose
accumulation rate		 0.56* 0.66** 0.35NS 0.44NS 0.48NS 0.79**
支链淀粉积累速率
Amylopectin
accumulation rate		 0.96** 0.53* 0.92** 0.61** 0.95** 0.74**
总淀粉积累速率
Total starch
accumulation rate		 0.69** 0.87** 0.66** 0.57* 0.91** 0.80**

Fig. 8

Principal component analysis of yield in relation to starch content and its related enzyme activities under phosphate fertilizer reduction conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. SV: total starch accumulation rate; SC: total starch content. Other indexes were abbreviated as those given in Table 5."

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