绿洲灌区绿肥还田利用方式对玉米干物质积累、分配及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33031

Abstract

Abstract:

The study of green manure application methods on the accumulation and distribution of maize dry matter and yield has significant implications for optimizing regional maize cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted in the inland river oasis irrigation area of Gansu province, China, from 2020 to 2021 to investigate the effects of five treatments, including tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil (TG), no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface (NTG), tillage with root incorporated in the soil and above ground green manure removed (T), no-tillage with above ground manure removed (NT), and conventional tillage and leisure (CT), on dry matter accumulation, distribution, and yield of maize. The results showed that the NTG and TG treatments had significant advantages in dry matter accumulation, with above-ground dry matter accumulation increasing by 20.2% and 17.7%, respectively, compared with CT treatment at the fully mature stage. The above-ground dry matter accumulations of NTG and TG treatments were also significantly higher than T and NT treatments, with the increases of 20.2% and 7.3%, and 15.7% and 13.0%, respectively. In addition, NTG and TG treatments promoted the distribution of dry matter to the ear, increasing by 10.3% and 9.0%, respectively, compared with CT treatment. By fitting the Logistic equation, we found that the maximum growth rate (V_max) and average growth rate (V_mean) of maize dry matter in the NTG and TG treatments were significantly higher than CT treatment, with the increase of 36.6%, 24.8%, and 20.2%, 17.7%, respectively. The NTG and TG treatments also significantly increased yield by 24.9% and 25.7%, respectively, compared with CT treatment, mainly attributed to the increase in the number of grains per ear. Therefore, no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface and tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in soil treatments were beneficial for promoting dry matter accumulation and distribution and increasing yield of maize, with the former being the most effective and recommended green manure application method in this area.

Key words: green manure, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, yield

SHANG Yong-Pan, YU Ai-Zhong, WANG Yu-Long, WANG Peng-Fei, LI Yue, CHAI Jian, LYU Han-Qiang, YANG Xue-Hui, WANG Feng. Effects of green manure application methods on dry matter accumulation, distribution, and yield of maize in oasis irrigation area[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 686-694.

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处理代码 Treatment code	处理 Treatment
TG	春小麦7月收获后复种箭筈豌豆, 10月全量翻压, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米。 Planting Vicia sativa after spring wheat harvest in July, tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year.
NTG	春小麦7月收获后复种箭筈豌豆, 10月地表覆盖免耕, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米。 Planting Vicia sativa after spring wheat harvest in July, no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year.
T	春小麦7月收获后复种箭筈豌豆, 10月地上部收获移除根茬翻压, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米。 Planting Vicia sativa after spring wheat harvest in July, harvesting and removing above ground green manure and tillage with root incorporated in the soil in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year.
NT	春小麦7月收获后复种箭筈豌豆, 10月地上部收获移除免耕, 翌年4月覆膜平作玉米。 Planting Vicia sativa after spring wheat harvest in July, no-tillage with above ground green manure harvested and removed in October, and flat planting maize with film mulching in April of the next year.
CT	春小麦收获后传统翻耕、休闲。 Conventional tillage and leisure without green manure after spring wheat harvest.

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	最大增长速率 Maximum increase rate (V_max, kg hm^-2 d^-1)	最大增长速率出现的时间 Time of V_max(t₅₀, d)	平均增长速率 Mean increase rate (V_mean, kg hm^-2 d^-1)	R²
2020	CT	Y=30743/(1+e^5.118-0.052^t)	399.2 d	98.5 a	186.9 c	0.997
	T	Y=33142/(1+e^5.657-0.058^t)	480.7 bc	97.5 a	199.6 b	0.999
	NT	Y=32742/(1+e^5.444-0.054^t)	445.2 cd	100.1 a	197.5 c	0.998
	NTG	Y=35791/(1+e^6.580-0.066^t)	590.7 a	99.7 a	214.5 a	0.998
	TG	Y=35657/(1+e^5.513-0.056^t)	497.3 b	98.8 a	211.6 a	0.999
2021	CT	Y=28733/(1+e^4.601-0.045^t)	323.2 d	102.2 a	159.7 c	0.987
	T	Y=32584/(1+e^4.820-0.049^t)	399.2 c	98.4 c	190.8 b	0.997
	NT	Y=29724/(1+e^4.640-0.046^t)	341.8 d	100.9 b	168.8 c	0.995
	NTG	Y=37641/(1+e^5.889-0.058^t)	545.8 a	101.5 a	219.8 a	0.995
	TG	Y=36125/(1+e^5.116-0.051^t)	460.6 b	100.3 bc	209.1 a	0.995

指标 Index	与籽粒产量的简单相关系数 Correlation coefficient with yield	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
指标 Index	与籽粒产量的简单相关系数 Correlation coefficient with yield	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃
X₁	0.771^**	0.099	—	0.698	-0.027
X₂	0.856^**	0.809	0.085	—	-0.038
X₃	0.638^**	-0.049	0.054	0.633	—

Effects of green manure application methods on dry matter accumulation, distribution, and yield of maize in oasis irrigation area

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