减氮及有机肥替代对旱地冬小麦干物质积累、转运、分配和产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41025

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of reducing chemical nitrogen and organic fertilizer substitution on dryland winter wheat yield formation and economic benefit were explored to provide a theoretical and technical basis for the implementation of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution. A field experiment with four treatments: no nitrogen application (NN), farmer nitrogen application (FN), 20% reduction of N fertilizer based on FN (RN), and organic fertilizer substituting 20% nitrogen of RN (OSN)—was conducted at Mengjin and Luoning, Henan province, typical dryland wheat production system at the intersection of the Loess Plateau and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, from 2019 to 2023. The effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, applied nitrogen dry matter productivity, yield and its components, and economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) Compared with FN, RN reduced dry matter accumulation of wheat at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages, as well as pre-anthesis dry matter translocation and dry matter distribution in the stem, spike axis+glume, and grain at maturity, but had no significant effect on grain yield. (2) Compared with FN and RN, OSN increased applied nitrogen dry matter productivity at each growth stage, significantly enhancing dry matter accumulation at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. OSN also increased pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain. This led to increased dry matter distribution in all aboveground organs at maturity, resulting in a significant grain yield increase of 15.03% and 17.12%, and an economic benefit increase of 3.84% and 4.23%, respectively. (3) Grain yield was significantly positively correlated with pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain, and significantly negatively correlated with the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter translocation to grain. In this research, based on nitrogen application amounts of 172 kg hm^-2 (summer fallow-winter wheat) and 192 kg hm^-2 (summer maize-winter wheat) during the wheat season under rain-fed conditions, the OSN treatment improved applied nitrogen dry matter productivity and increased dry matter accumulation at each growth stage. The synergistic increase in pre-anthesis dry matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation allowed OSN to achieve the highest yield, making it an optimal fertilizer management practice for high-efficiency and sustainable production of rain-fed dryland winter wheat with a yield level of 5000 kg hm^-2.

Key words: dryland winter wheat, reduced chemical nitrogen, organic fertilizer substitution, dry matter accumulation and translocation, yield, economic benefit

ZHANG Jun, HU Chuan, ZHOU Qi-Hui, REN Kai-Ming, DONG Shi-Yan, LIU Ao-Han, WU Jin-Zhi, HUANG Ming, LI You-Jun. Effects of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, and yield of dryland winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 207-220.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of different treatment on distribution amount and rate of dry matter in different organs at maturity"

试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaf		茎鞘 Stem		穂轴+颖壳 Spike axis+glume		籽粒 Grain
试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	量 Amount (kg hm^-2)	比例 Rate (%)	量 Amount (kg hm^-2)	比例 Rate (%)	量 Amount (kg hm^-2)	比例 Rate (%)	量 Amount (kg hm^-2)	比例 Rate (%)
洛宁 Luoning	2021-2022	NN	1158 d	13.59 a	2571 c	30.19 b	1225 c	14.38 a	3563 c	41.84 d
		FN	1524 b	12.69 b	3642 a	30.33 a	1663 b	13.85 b	5179 b	43.13 c
		RN	1454 c	12.58 b	3354 b	29.01 c	1620 b	14.01 ab	5133 b	44.40 b
		OSN	1622 a	12.47 c	3699 a	28.45 d	1786 a	13.73 b	5895 a	45.34 a
	2022-2023	NN	1048 c	12.79 ab	2505 d	30.57 a	1223 c	14.92 a	3418 c	41.72 d
		FN	1436 b	12.37 b	3409 b	29.38 b	1707 a	14.71 ab	5052 b	43.53 c
		RN	1482 b	13.44 b	3119 c	28.28 d	1540 b	13.96 bc	4889 b	44.32 b
		OSN	1663 a	12.72 ab	3792 a	29.01 c	1727 a	13.21 c	5888 a	45.05 a
孟津 Mengjin	2021-2022	NN	977 d	11.08 c	2546 d	28.88 c	1370 d	15.54 a	3922 c	44.50 c
		FN	1320 c	10.65 d	3738 b	30.16 a	1813 b	14.63 b	5523 b	44.56 c
		RN	1390 b	11.52 a	3557 c	29.47 b	1706 c	14.14 c	5415 b	44.87 b
		OSN	1522 a	11.17 b	3887 a	28.53 d	1918 a	14.08 c	6297 a	46.22 a
	2022-2023	NN	995 d	11.70 c	2519 d	29.63 b	1314 d	15.45 d	3675 c	43.22 d
		FN	1409 c	11.73 c	3612 b	30.07 a	1763 b	14.68 c	5228 b	43.52 c
		RN	1454 b	12.54 b	3380 c	29.15 c	1616 c	13.94 b	5145 b	44.37 b
		OSN	1782 a	13.12 a	3887 a	28.62 d	1808 a	13.31 a	6106 a	44.95 a
方差分析 ANOVA	处理 Treatment (T)		35.88^**	1.09	87.52^**	5.11	127.92^**	7.10	959.08^**	73.01^**
	地点 Site (S)		0.96	3.82	57.35	0.38	15.26	2.58	20.95	2.97
	年度 Year (Y)		44.72^**	91.39^**	21.04^**	5.61^*	90.75^**	0.09	24.70^**	564.66^**
	T×S		2.37	2.77	5.31	7.69	0.68	4.74	0.74	14.79^*
	S×Y		151.13^**	92.18^**	0.65	80.98^**	24.08^**	11.49^**	2.39	517.52^**
	T×Y		54.58^**	19.92^**	7.57^**	305.67^**	15.11^**	12.28^**	0.71	34.57^**
	T×S×Y		11.99^**	7.95^**	1.00	72.08^**	2.66	1.29	0.21	24.70^**

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 6

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	Gao J, Gao H. “Wheat-Soaked Persistent Rainfall” in late spring 2023 in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the large-scale circulation pattern. Meteor Mon, 2023, 49: 1227-1234 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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方差分析 ANOVA	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm^-2)
方差分析 ANOVA	拔节期Jointing	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期Maturity
处理 Treatment (T)	14.95^**	166.57^**	335.57^**
地点 Site (S)	2.43	16.08	4713.86^**
年度 Year (Y)	111.95^**	8.78^*	15.07^**
T×S	0.97	2.07	11.08
S×Y	308.66^**	0.61	0.01
T×Y	100.45^**	2.87	2.08
T×S×Y	132.57^**	0.16	0.06

试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm^-2)
试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing	开花期 Anthesis	成熟期 Maturity
洛宁 Luoning	2021-2022	FN	2.94 b	13.80 b	20.29 b
		RN	2.23 c	12.35 b	20.03 b
		OSN	5.87 a	17.69 a	29.50 a
	2022-2023	FN	3.12 b	13.75 b	19.83 b
		RN	2.30 c	11.74 c	18.66 b
		OSN	4.80 a	20.54 a	32.08 a
孟津 Mengjin	2021-2022	FN	2.32 b	12.54 b	18.65 b
		RN	1.97 c	11.91 b	18.92 b
		OSN	5.35 a	16.89 a	27.96 a
	2022-2023	FN	7.22 b	12.39 b	18.28 b
孟津 Mengjin	2022-2023	RN	2.23 c	10.94 c	17.98 b
孟津 Mengjin	2022-2023	OSN	10.45 a	18.22 a	29.54 a
方差分析 ANOVA	处理 Treatment (T)		12.77	21.39^*	53.30^*
	地点 Site (S)		0.56	12.26	351.35^*
	年度 Year (Y)		534.30^**	1.21	0.19
	T×S		0.80	1.65	2.39
	S×Y		736.80^**	0.84	0.04
	T×Y		112.95^**	5.77^*	6.37^**
	T×S×Y		175.40^**	0.37	0.31

试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质Pre-anthesis dry matter		花后干物质Post-anthesis dry matter
试验点 Site	年度 Year	处理 Treatment	转运量 Translocation amount (kg hm^-2)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg hm^-2)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)
洛宁 Luoning	2021-2022	NN	1370 c	38.44 a	2193 c	61.56 c
		FN	1836 a	35.46 b	3343 b	64.54 b
		RN	1733 b	33.75 b	3310 b	66.25 ab
		OSN	1860 a	31.54 c	4047 a	68.46 a
	2022-2023	NN	1377 d	40.29 a	2041 c	59.71 d
		FN	1892 b	37.46 b	3159 b	62.54 c
		RN	1721 c	35.21 c	3167 b	64.79 b
		OSN	1976 a	33.56 d	3912 a	66.44 a
孟津 Mengjin	2021-2022	NN	1499 c	38.21 a	2423 c	61.79 c
		FN	1942 a	35.17 b	3580 b	64.83 b
		RN	1822 b	33.64 b	3593 b	66.36 ab
		OSN	1975 a	31.37 c	4322 a	68.63 a
	2022-2023	NN	1373 c	37.36 a	2302 c	62.64 d
		FN	1782 a	34.08 b	3447 b	65.92 c
		RN	1618 b	31.45 c	3527 b	68.55 b
		OSN	1835 a	30.05 c	4271 a	69.95 a
方差分析 ANOVA	处理 Treatment (T)		137.13^**	247.85^**	2409.64^**	233.76^**
	地点 Site (S)		0.02	1.09	47.86	0.98
	年度 Year (Y)		34.20^**	2.51	86.44^**	1.65
	T×S		1.82	0.73	1.18	0.21
	S×Y		102.39^**	65.19^**	7.80^**	45.91^**
	T×Y		3.91^*	0.88	1.24	0.62
	T×S×Y		1.73	0.29	1.11	0.23

变异来源 Variation source	产量 Grain yield	穂数 Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight	收获指数 Harvest index
处理 Treatment (T)	806.77^**	48.84^**	26.81^**	19.59^*	22.15^*
地点 Site (S)	22.91	51.63	0.57	0.23	2.16
年度 Year (Y)	19.27^**	116.68^**	186.97^**	6.61^*	3.39
T×S	4.66	0.85	0.66	0.25	2.26
S×Y	2.21	2.26	16.49^**	6.17^*	2.36
T×Y	0.76	2.04	11.71^**	0.61	0.62
T×S×Y	0.09	2.40	8.07^**	1.99	0.15

地点 Site	处理 Treat- ment	2021-2022				2022-2023				肥料投入占总投入比例 Fertilizer input as percentage of input (%)
地点 Site	处理 Treat- ment	产值 Output (Yuan hm^-2)	肥料投入 Fertilizer cost (Yuan hm^-2)	经济效益 Economic benefit (Yuan hm^-2)	产投比 Ratio of output to input	产值 Output (Yuan hm^-2)	肥料投入 Fertilizer cost (Yuan hm^-2)	经济效益 Economic benefit (Yuan hm^-2)	产投比 Ratio of output to input	肥料投入占总投入比例 Fertilizer input as percentage of input (%)
洛宁 Luoning	NN	9204 c	1323	3156 b	1.52 c	9027 c	1323	2979 c	1.49 c	21.88
	FN	13,263 b	2370	6168 a	1.87 a	12,961 b	2370	5866 ab	1.83 a	33.40
	RN	13,148 b	2161	6262 a	1.91 a	12,542 b	2161	5656 b	1.82 a	31.38
	OSN	15,088 a	4057	6306 a	1.72 b	14,979 a	4057	6197 a	1.71 b	46.20
孟津 Mengjin	NN	9932 c	1323	3884 b	1.64 c	9448 c	1323	3400 b	1.56 c	21.88
	FN	14,170 b	2492	6953 a	1.96 a	13,442 b	2492	6225 a	1.86 a	34.53
	RN	13,970 b	2258	6987 a	2.00 a	13,229 b	2258	6246 a	1.89 a	32.34
	OSN	16,156 a	4375	7056 a	1.78 b	15,699 a	4375	6599 a	1.73 b	48.08

Effects of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, and yield of dryland winter wheat

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