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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 233-246.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43022

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of senescence characteristics for maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns in oasis irrigation areas of northwestern China

WANG Li-Ping(), LI Pan, ZHAO Lian-Hao, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-05-23 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-01-12 Published:2024-10-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: yinwen@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218);Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23JRRA704);Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23JRRA1407);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y10)

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Abstract:

In the conventional corn production system of the northwest oasis irrigation area, the extensive use of plastic mulching has resulted in severe environmental pollution, and maize leaves often experience premature senescence under extreme high temperatures. This study investigates the feasibility of delaying maize leaf senescence and increasing yield through the implementation of no-tillage with plastic re-mulching technology. The goal is to offer theoretical support for developing efficient maize production techniques with reduced plastic mulching usage in the northwest oasis irrigation area. In 2013, we established three treatments: no-tillage with plastic re-mulching (NTP), no-tillage in autumn with new plastic mulching in spring (RTP), and conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP, as the control). From 2021 to 2023, we examined the effects of these treatments on maize photosynthetic performance, stay-green characteristics, cellular antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmotic regulatory substance contents. The results demonstrated that NTP and RTP effectively regulated the dynamic balance between photosynthetic activity and leaf stay-green performance during the maize growing period. These treatments maintained higher leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (LAD), stay-green characteristics (SG), and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) in the late growth stage, which contributed to delayed leaf senescence. Compared with CTP, NTP increased LAI, LAD, SG, and SPAD by 15.1%-16.1%, 14.8%-15.5%, 7.2%-9.2%, and 11.3%-11.7%, respectively, 75-120 days after emergence. Similarly, RTP increased these parameters by 12.4%-13.0%, 11.5%-12.4%, 10.0%-17.6%, and 6.0%-6.7%, respectively. Additionally, fitting the green leaf area per plant revealed that NTP and RTP delayed leaf senescence by 5.8-7.0 days and 6.2-7.7 days, respectively, compared to CTP. This delay in senescence was attributed to enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved osmotic regulation in maize leaves during the bell stage and grain-filling stage. NTP exhibited superior effects, with increases in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) of 17.6%-20.0%, 28.4%-34.4%, 6.7%-8.4%, and 8.3%-10.9%, respectively, compared to CTP. Likewise, RTP increased these enzyme activities by 11.3%-11.7%, 16.9%-18.2%, 4.4%-6.1%, and 5.8%-7.7%, respectively. Moreover, relative to CTP, soluble protein and proline contents in NTP and RTP increased by 35.9%-43.9% and 29.5%-31.8%, and 20.7%-31.7% and 17.4%-20.4%, respectively, while malondialdehyde content decreased by 26.0%-27.8% and 17.5%-25.9%, respectively. Consequently, NTP increased maize grain yield by 5.2%-6.0% in comparison to CTP. In conclusion, no-tillage with plastic re-mulching is a viable practice for delaying maize leaf senescence and increasing yield, while simultaneously reducing resource inputs in the northwestern oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: plastic mulching, photosynthesis sources, antioxidant enzyme activities, cellular osmotic contents, grain yield

Fig. 1

Dynamic of precipitation and average air temperature in the study area from 2021 to 2023"

Table 1

The specific arrangement sequence under different plastic film mulching and using patterns"

年份
Year		 不同地膜覆盖利用方式的年际间轮换顺序
Inter-annual rotation under different plastic mulching and using patterns
2020 免耕一膜2年覆盖利用
No tillage with plastic re-mulching and using (NTP)		 秋免耕春覆膜
No tillage in autumn and new plastic mulching in spring (RTP)		 传统耕作每年覆新膜
Conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP)
2021 秋免耕春覆膜
No tillage in autumn and new plastic mulching in spring (RTP)		 免耕一膜2年覆盖利用
No tillage with plastic re-mulching and using (NTP)		 传统耕作每年覆新膜
Conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP)
2022 免耕一膜2年覆盖利用
No tillage with plastic re-mulching and using (NTP)		 秋免耕春覆膜
No tillage in autumn and new plastic mulching in spring (RTP)		 传统耕作每年覆新膜
Conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP)
2023 秋免耕春覆膜
No tillage in autumn and new plastic mulching in spring (RTP)		 免耕一膜2年覆盖利用
No tillage with plastic re-mulching and using (NTP)		 传统耕作每年覆新膜
Conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP)

Fig. 2

Response of leaf area index (A) and senescence initiation (B) to different plastic mulching and using patterns throughout the maize growth period Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. The error bars above the figure represents LSD values. When the LSD value is less than the difference between any two treatments, it means that there is a significant difference between the two treatments, otherwise there is no significant difference. The dashed line in (B) represents the number of days “t” when the leaf area index reaches its maximum value."

Fig. 3

Response of leaf area duration in maize under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. The error bars above the figure represents LSD values. When the LSD value is less than the difference between any two treatments, it means that there is a significant difference between the two treatments, otherwise there is no significant difference."

Fig. 4

The stay-green of maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. The error bars above the figure represents LSD values. When the LSD value is less than the difference between any two treatments, it means that there is a significant difference between the two treatments, otherwise there is no significant difference."

Fig. 5

SPAD in maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. The error bars above the figure represents LSD value. When the LSD value is less than the difference between any two treatments, it means that there is a significant difference between the two treatments, otherwise there is no significant difference."

Fig. 6

The antioxidant enzyme activities in maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. The error bars above the figure represents LSD values. When the LSD value is less than the difference between any two treatments, it means that there is a significant difference between the two treatments, otherwise there is no significant difference."

Fig. 7

Differences in cellular osmoregulation of maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 8

The grain yield in maize under different plastic mulching and using patterns Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 9

Correlation of cell permeability to corn kernels (A) and leaf antioxidant enzyme activity to grain yield (B) under different plastic mulching and using patterns *, **, and NS represent significant differences (P < 0.05), highly significant differences (P < 0.01), and non-significant differences (P > 0.05), respectively, and the R2 value indicates explained variance. The numbers next to the arrows indicate standardized path coefficients. SP: soluble protein; Pro: proline; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase; POD: peroxidase; APX: ascorbate peroxidase; CAT: catalase; SPAD: chlorophyll relative content; LAI: leaf area index; GY: grain yield."

Table 2

Leaf affiliation function values and ranking in maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns"

指标
Parameter		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation		 权重
Weights		 玉米叶片衰老特征隶属函数值
Maize leaf senescence characterization affiliation function values
NTP RTP CTP
超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 0.218 0.131 0.159 0.136 0.120
过氧化物酶Peroxidase (POD) 0.281 0.140 0.180 0.172 0.148
过氧化氢Catalase (CAT) 0.099 0.110 0.132 0.138 0.138
抗坏血酸过氧化物酶Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 0.184 0.108 0.150 0.150 0.135
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde (MDA) 0.456 0.069 0.133 0.139 0.161
脯氨酸Proline (Pro) 0.373 0.120 0.162 0.146 0.136
可溶性蛋白质Soluble protein (SP) 0.336 0.117 0.142 0.129 0.105
叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI) 0.644 0.045 0.175 0.166 0.151
光合势Leaf area duration (LAD) 0.634 0.044 0.127 0.121 0.112
持绿性Stay-green of leaves (SG) 0.671 0.044 0.138 0.142 0.133
叶绿素相对含量Chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) 0.180 0.073 0.166 0.157 0.129
综合得分Aggregate score 0.151 0.145 0.133
综合排名Overall ranking 1 2 3
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