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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 405-417.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42032

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of low temperature and weak light stress during early grain filling on rice yield and quality

HU Ya-Jie1(), GUO Jing-Hao1, CONG Shu-Min1, CAI Qin1, XU Yi1, SUN Liang1, GUO Bao-Wei1, XING Zhi-Peng1, YANG Wen-Fei2,*(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*()   

  1. 1Agricultural College of Yangzhou University / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Xuhuai Area Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-07-03 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2024-10-11
  • Contact: E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; E-mail: y1395791467@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Nature Science Foundation of China(32372213);National Nature Science Foundation of China(31701350);National Key Research Program of China(2022YFD1500404);National Key Research Program of China(2023YFD2302200);Yangzhou University’s “Qinglan Project”, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of low temperature (LN) and combined low temperature and weak light (LW) treatments during the early grain filling stage on rice yield, yield components, dry matter production, and rice quality. Two rice varieties, soft japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and conventional japonica rice Huaidao 5, were used as experimental materials. The gradient temperature in an artificial climate chamber was set to simulate the dynamic decrease in temperature during the early grain filling stage (from full heading to 20 days after full heading), with outdoor temperature and light conditions serving as the control (CK). The results showed that both LN and LW treatments reduced rice yield compared with CK. The yield reduction under LW was primarily due to a decrease in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In contrast, LN reduced the seed setting rate but increased the 1000-grain weight. Both LN and LW treatments decreased the total dry matter weight and panicle dry weight, while dry matter accumulation in leaves and stem sheaths was higher compared with CK. Additionally, the SPAD values of leaf 1, leaf 2, and leaf 3 under LN and LW exhibited an increasing trend compared with CK. Enzymatic activities were also affected by LN and LW treatments. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) initially increased and then decreased, while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased. Moreover, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were higher under LN and LW compared with CK. In terms of rice quality, LN improved rice processing quality and appearance quality compared with CK, while LW deteriorated rice processing quality. Under LN treatment, amylose content increased, whereas gel consistency, protein content, and taste value decreased. Under LW treatment, amylose content and gel consistency decreased, protein content increased, and taste value decreased. Consequently, both LN and LW treatments reduced the eating quality of rice.

Key words: rice, the early grain filling, low temperature and weak light, yield, quality

Fig. 1

Average temperature, sunshine hours, and rainfall during the growth and development of rice"

Table 1

Temperature and light of different treatment during rice early grain filling stage"

处理
Treatment		 灌浆前期光照
Light during early grain
filling stage		 灌浆前期温度
Temperature during early grain filling stage (℃)		 第1个5 d温度First 5 days
temperature (℃)		 第2个5 d温度Second 5 days temperature (℃) 第3个5 d温度Third 5 days
temperature (℃)		 第4个5 d温度Fourth 5 days temperature (℃)
低温LN 自然光NL 24 (28/21) 25 (29/22) 24 (29/21) 23 (26/20) 23 (26/20)
低温弱光LW 遮阴50% S50 24 (28/21) 25 (29/22) 24 (29/21) 23 (26/20) 23 (26/20)
CK-2021 自然光NL 27 (31/24) 27 (31/24) 28 (33/25) 26 (30/24) 26 (31/23)
CK-2022 自然光NL 27 (31/23) 31 (37/28) 26 (28/23) 24 (29/21) 25 (30/21)
10年常温
NT of 10 years		 — 26 (30/23) 27 (31/24) 26 (30/24) 25 (29/22) 25 (29/22)

Table 2

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on rice yield and its components"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
Number of panicles per pot		 每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)
2021 南粳9108 CK 25.05±0.14 a 114.36±2.56 a 90.31±1.96 a 26.12±0.07 b 60.94±4.10 a
NJ9108 低温LN 23.88±0.84 a 116.89±0.42 a 71.13±3.89 b 27.92±0.14 a 45.09±3.04 b
低温弱光LW 24.63±0.86 a 113.52±0.76 a 67.27±0.39 c 24.33±0.14 c 32.74±2.20 c
淮稻5号 CK 25.12±1.53 a 110.12±0.84 a 97.17±0.44 a 28.34±0.04 b 68.11±4.59 a
HD5 低温LN 25.48±0.01 a 108.65±2.93 a 92.38±0.89 b 29.31±0.07 a 64.83±4.37 a
低温弱光LW 26.20±1.68 a 107.88±0.70 a 87.91±0.40 c 26.75±0.13 c 57.91±0.81 b
2022 南粳9108 CK 23.86±1.34 a 112.95±2.74 a 26.99±0.29 a 26.55±0.07 a 13.89±0.02 a
NJ9108 低温LN 23.93±0.20 a 113.41±1.68 a 20.40±0.57 b 27.15±0.28 a 8.09±0.51 b
低温弱光LW 23.77±0.41 a 111.92±1.56 a 7.30±1.23 c 26.50±0.07 a 4.95±0.27 c
淮稻5号 CK 25.32±0.72 a 106.65±1.40 a 45.38±1.91 a 27.48±0.46 b 25.92±0.67 a
HD5 低温LN 24.36±0.99 a 105.82±0.47 a 27.58±0.07 b 28.90±0.07 a 15.20±0.60 b
低温弱光LW 25.13±0.55 a 106.47±1.07 a 24.69±0.78 b 28.23±0.11 ab 11.78±0.71 c

Table 3

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on dry matter production of rice"

年份/品种
Year/Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 总干物质重
Total dry matter weight (g pot−1)		 干物质重Dry matter weight (g pot−1) 比例Ratio (%)
叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem sheath		 穗
Panicle		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem sheath		 穗
Panicle
2021
南粳9108 CK 128.27±2.38 a 14.14±0.39 a 46.77±1.54 b 67.37±0.45 a 11.02±0.10 b 36.46±0.53 c 52.52±0.63 a
NJ9108 低温LN 123.79±0.03 b 14.93±0.13 a 53.77±0.86 a 55.09±1.03 b 12.06±0.11 b 43.44±0.71 b 44.51±0.82 b
低温弱光LW 112.11±0.42 c 15.74±0.57 a 54.15±1.59 a 42.23±0.60 c 14.04±0.56 a 48.29±1.24 a 37.67±0.68 c
淮稻5号 CK 133.98±3.77 a 14.81±0.37 a 47.95±2.65 b 71.23±0.75 a 11.05±0.04 a 35.77±0.97 b 53.18±0.94 a
HD5 低温LN 131.93±1.91 a 15.45±0.75 a 51.84±1.20 ab 64.64±0.05 b 11.71±0.40 a 39.29±0.34 a 49.00±0.74 b
低温弱光LW 130.26±0.63 a 15.49±0.33 a 54.67±0.93 a 60.11±0.62 c 11.84±0.20 a 41.99±0.51 a 46.15±0.70 b
2022
南粳9108 CK 83.87±4.81 a 14.14±0.32 a 46.87±2.12 b 22.87±2.37 a 16.85±0.59 b 55.88±0.68 b 27.26±1.27 a
NJ9108 低温LN 78.22±0.92 b 15.33±0.21 a 50.66±0.82 ab 12.23±1.95 b 19.60±0.50 ab 64.76±1.81 a 15.64±2.31 b
低温弱光LW 75.57±2.76 c 15.74±0.64 a 51.15±0.78 a 8.68±1.34 c 20.83±0.08 a 67.69±1.44 a 11.49±1.36 c
淮稻5号 CK 98.09±0.05 a 14.81±0.76 a 47.95±0.23 b 35.33±1.05 a 15.10±0.79 a 48.88±0.26 b 36.02±1.05 a
HD5 低温LN 89.63±5.54 b 15.41±0.85 a 54.67±2.55 a 19.55±2.14 b 17.19±0.12 a 61.00±0.92 a 21.81±1.04 b
低温弱光LW 84.58±1.63 c 15.65±0.17 a 55.49±2.62 a 13.44±1.16 c 18.50±0.16 a 65.59±1.83 a 15.91±1.68 c

Fig. 2

Grain morphology of rice under low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 3

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on SPAD value in flag leaf, inverted secondary leaf and inverted third leaf of rice Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 4

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on CAT, POD, SOD, APX activity and MDA content and H2O2 content in rice flag leaf Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. CAT: catalase; POD: peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; APX: ascorbate peroxidase; MDA: malonaldehyde."

Table 4

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on rice processing quality"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice (%)		 精米率
Milled rice (%)		 整精米率
Head rice (%)
南粳9108 CK 81.19±0.13 a 68.37±1.71 b 59.54±0.08 b
NJ9108 低温LN 81.80±0.36 a 72.89±1.03 a 62.02±0.36 a
低温弱光LW 80.42±0.52 a 66.07±0.91 c 57.02±0.68 c
淮稻5号 CK 81.99±0.43 a 69.24±0.33 b 61.36±0.22 b
HD5 低温LN 82.61±0.02 a 71.17±0.91 a 62.72±0.24 a
低温弱光LW 81.72±0.16 a 66.53±0.25 c 58.36±0.28 c

Table 5

Effect of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on appearance quality of rice"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 长宽比
Length-width ratio		 粒长
Grain length (mm)		 粒宽
Grain width
(mm)		 垩白粒率
Chalky grain percentage (%)		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree (%)
南粳9108 CK 1.60±0.01 b 4.30±0.01 b 2.70±0.01 b 58.51±3.24 a 17.33±0.43 a
NJ9108 低温LN 1.66±0 a 4.70±0 a 2.84±0.01 a 41.29±2.22 b 15.00±0.17 b
低温弱光LW 1.65±0 a 4.70±0.01 a 2.86±0 a 64.03±2.11 a 18.21±0.37 a
淮稻5号 CK 1.68±0 b 4.59±0.02 b 2.74±0.02 c 40.26±3.10 a 14.79±0.56 a
HD5 低温LN 1.72±0 a 4.88±0.01 a 2.85±0.01 a 29.68±0.61 b 12.31±0.33 b
低温弱光LW 1.74±0.01 a 4.88±0.01 a 2.81±0 b 43.47±3.42 a 15.79±0.75 a

Table 6

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on protein, amylose and gel consistency of rice"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)		 胶稠度
Gel consistency (mm)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
南粳9108 CK 11.1±0.20 ab 86.6±1.84 a 8.2±0.28 ab
NJ9108 低温LN 11.9±0.54 a 83.1±1.13 a 7.6±0.42 b
低温弱光LW 9.9±0.21 b 73.8±3.11 b 9.1±0.14 a
淮稻5号 CK 15.5±0.19 b 76.5±0.99 a 8.5±0.28 a
HD5 低温LN 16.8±0.01 a 72.3±1.70 a 8.2±0.28 a
低温弱光LW 14.1±0.17 c 64.3±1.13 b 8.9±0.42 a

Table 7

Effects of low temperature and weak light during the early grain filling stage on cooking and eating quality of rice"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 外观
Surface		 硬度
Hardness		 黏度
Viscosity		 平衡度Equilibrium value 食味值
Taste value
南粳9108 CK 9.3±0.14 a 4.8±0.07 c 9.2±0.07 a 9.3±0.07 a 88.1±2.23 a
NJ9108 低温LN 8.6±0 b 5.3±0.14 b 8.0±0.07 b 8.5±0 b 82.0±1.19 b
低温弱光LW 7.8±0.14 c 5.8±0 a 7.0±0.14 c 7.5±0.07 c 75.8±1.30 c
淮稻5号 CK 8.6±0.28 a 5.3±0.14 a 8.2±0.07 a 8.5±0.14 a 82.6±1.43 a
HD5 低温LN 8.2±0.14 a 5.6±0.21 a 7.5±0.28 ab 8.0±0.28 a 78.4±0.88 a
低温弱光LW 7.0±0 b 6.3±0.28 a 6.5±0.28 b 6.7±0.28 b 70.8±0.71 b
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