水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42046

Abstract

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted with two temperature treatments—normal temperature treatment and high temperature treatment during the panicle initiation and heading stages—using three rice varieties: heat-sensitive varieties Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) and Jingliangyouhuazhan (JLYHZ), and heat-tolerant variety Shanyou 63 (SY63). The objective was to investigate the effects of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on spikelet and grain size, grain filling, and their relationship with grain weight. Compared to normal temperature, high temperature significantly reduced thousand-grain weight, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and yield in LYPJ and JLYHZ, but had no significant effect on SY63. High temperature also significantly decreased spikelet and grain size (length, width and thickness) in the heat-sensitive varieties, while SY63 exhibited only minor reductions. Additionally, high temperature significantly downregulated the expression of OsLOGL2 in spikelets of LYPJ and upregulated the expression of OsCKX5 in spikelets of JLYHZ, resulting in reduced endogenous active cytokinin levels in spikelets. High temperature decreased the harvest index but had no significant effect on aboveground dry weight at the maturity stage. It also significantly reduced single-grain weight accumulation and the average grain filling rate during the heading and maturity stages in the heat-sensitive varieties, with no significant changes observed in SY63. Furthermore, high temperature treatment significantly reduced the expression of grain filling-related genes (OsFLO2, OsFLO4 and OsGIF2) and the activities of key enzymes involved in grain filling, including acid/neutral invertases, sucrose synthetase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, in the heat-sensitive varieties. Starch branching enzyme activity in grains was also significantly reduced in LYPJ, while these enzymes and genes were unaffected in SY63. This study demonstrates that high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages reduces the harvest index and decreases spikelet and grain size by lowering active cytokinin levels in spikelets. It also hinders grain filling by suppressing the expression of grain filling-related genes and enzyme activities. These findings suggest that the reductions in grain weight and yield under high temperature are likely due to decreased assimilate allocation to panicles and reduced sink activity, highlighting the adverse effects of heat stress on grain development and yield.

Key words: rice, high temperature, panicle initiation-heading stage, grain weight, grain shape, grain filling, content of cytokinins in spikelets

WANG Meng-Ning, XIE Ke-Ran, GAO Ti, WANG Fei, REN Xiao-Jian, XIONG Dong-Liang, HUANG Jian-Liang, PENG Shao-Bing, CUI Ke-Hui. Effect of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on grain shape and filling and its relationship with grain weight in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1347-1362.

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基因登录号 Accession number (NCBI)	基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward primer (5'-3')	反向引物 Reverse primer (5'-3')
XM015767376	OsLOGL2	GAGCGCACAGAAAAGAGAAGC	GGCATGAGTGCTTTTGGAAT
NM001423909	OsLOGL3	GTGCTGCATTGTCTGCAGTT	GGTCATGAGAGTCTTGGGGA
NM001401734	OsCKX5	CGCTGCTGGGCGAGCTGAAT	CGCCTTGTGCACGCGGTCTA
NM001420459	OsCKX9	GCCAGGATTCCTCTTGAACCTGC	ACGCACTGGGTCCTGCGGAT
NM001402366	OsGIF1	TTCTCAAGGACAGGGTGGTCAAGC	TCAGCCTGTGCAGTTTGTAGCC
XM015794875	OsGIF2	AAGAGGTGCTTTGGTGATG	GTCCGAAGATGAGGAGTGT
XM015780251	OsFLO2	CACACCCTCCAGCAATATCA	CCTTCTGCGACTGCTTTTCT
XM015795182	OsFLO4	CATGCACTGTTCGAGGAGAA	GGGAAATGGCTCTCCCTTAG
NM001418593	Actin	CAATCGTGAGAAGATGACCC	GTCCATCAGGAAGCTCGTAGC

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (g plant^-1)	有效穗数 Panicles (No. plant^-1)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets (No. panicle^-1)	结实率 Seed- setting percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	抽穗后10 d地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight at 10 days after heading (g plant^-1)	成熟期地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight at maturity stage (g plant^-1)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
LYPJ	CK	25.7±0.7 b	9.4±0.1 b	141.0±0.9 b	85.2±2.2 a	22.9±0.1 b	48.3±4.7 ab	81.3±1.5 ab	31.6±0.5 b
	HT	6.7±1.5 c^*	8.7±0.2 b^*	122.3±5.6 c^*	30.8±5.4 d^*	20.0±0.1 c^*	44.9±1.8 b	69.2±4.5 b	9.6±1.7 e^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	73.9	7.4	13.3	63.8	12.7	7.0	14.9	69.6
JLYHZ	CK	32.0±0.5 a	11.8±0.3 a	173.7±8.3 a	83.1±2.1 a	18.9±0.2 d	41.3±1.7 b	79.9±0.9 ab	40.1±0.8 a
	HT	10.8±1.1 c^*	11.6±0.1 a	130.6±0.3 bc^*	45.7±4.5 c^*	15.7±0.2 e^*	41.1±4.2 b	65.4±1.3 b^*	16.6±1.7 d^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	66.3	1.7	24.8	45.0	16.9	0.5	18.1	58.6
SY63	CK	28.0±1.7 ab	8.8±0.8 b	169.2±3.4 a	77.2±1.1 ab	24.7±0.4 a	54.8±4.1 a	91.1±4.1 a	30.4±0.8 bc
	HT	24.3±2.3 b	8.7±1.0 b	169.3±10.2 a	68.9±3.1 b	24.6±0.2 a	55.0±1.5 a	92.5±12.2 a	27.4±0.6 c^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	13.2	1.0	-0.1	10.8	0.4	-0.4	-1.5	9.9

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	颖花Spikelet		籽粒Grain
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	长度 Length (mm)	宽度 Width (mm)	长度 Length (mm)	宽度 Width (mm)	厚度 Thickness (mm)	体积 Volume (mm³)
LYPJ	CK	9.48±0.06 a	2.84±0.01 c	9.05±0.01 a	2.66±0.00 c	1.88±0.01 b	45.11±0.34 c
	HT	8.00±0.21 d^*	2.37±0.09 e^*	8.58±0.06 c^*	2.44±0.00 e^*	1.68±0.01 d^*	35.09±0.39 e^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	15.6	16.5	5.2	8.3	10.6	22.2
JLYHZ	CK	8.73±0.01 b	2.71±0.00 d	8.73±0.03 b	2.59±0.01 d	1.81±0.00 c	41.06±0.08 d
	HT	7.98±0.05 d^*	2.36±0.02 e^*	8.58±0.03 c^*	2.40±0.01 f^*	1.65±0.00 e^*	34.01±0.26 f^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	8.6	12.9	1.7	7.3	8.8	17.2
SY63	CK	8.30±0.03 c	3.26±0.01 a	8.38±0.02 d	3.13±0.01 a	1.90±0.01 a	49.96±0.19 a
	HT	8.36±0.06 c	3.04±0.02 b^*	8.27±0.03 d^*	2.98±0.01 b^*	1.89±0.01 ab	46.51±0.18 b^*
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	-0.7	6.7	1.3	4.8	0.5	6.9

品种 Variety	温度处理 Temperature treatment	aCTK (ng g^-1)	tZ+tZR (ng g^-1)	iP+iPA+iPMP (ng g^-1)	IAA (ng g^-1)	GA₁ (ng g^-1)
LYPJ	CK	24.53±1.81 a	7.10±0.11 a	17.43±1.73 a	3.34±0.22 c	5.50±0.31 a
	HT	20.32±0.66 b	6.88±0.50 a	13.44±0.21 b	3.18±0.12 c	4.68±0.95 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	17.2	3.1	22.9	4.8	14.9
JLYHZ	CK	25.61±1.09 a	6.41±0.10 a	19.20±1.11 a	5.28±0.11 a	4.20±0.27 a
	HT	20.16±0.81 b^*	6.61±0.51 a	13.55±0.34 b^*	5.41±0.11 a	3.10±0.51 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	21.3	-3.1	29.4	-2.5	26.2
SY63	CK	22.78±0.05 ab	6.55±0.12 a	16.23±0.09 ab	4.72±0.09 b	3.15±0.43 a
	HT	23.45±0.96 ab	7.27±0.24 a	16.18±0.89 ab	4.90±0.09 b	5.27±1.54 a
	下降幅度 Falling range (%)	-2.9	-10.1	0.3	-3.8	-67.3

Effect of high temperature during the panicle initiation and heading stages on grain shape and filling and its relationship with grain weight in rice

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