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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1467-1479.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42052

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of an adaxially-curled-leaf mutant acl3 and function analysis of the regulated gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

LEI Song-Han,FAN Jun-Yang,CHE Yan-Yi,DAI Yong-Dong,ZHENG Yu-Meng,TIAN Wei-Jiang,SANG Xian-Chun*,WANG Xiao-Wen*   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-03-26 Online:2025-06-12 Published:2025-04-09
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CQMAITS202401), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1201600), and the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Scientific Research Project (202410635004). 

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Abstract:

Moderate leaf curling is beneficial for cross-pollination, fruit set, and enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of crop canopies, making it highly valuable for hybrid rice seed production and cultivation. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice, we identified a stably inherited adaxial leaf-rolling mutant, acl3 (adaxially curled leaf 3), from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population. In addition to leaf curling, acl3 exhibits reduced plant height and seed-setting rate, along with a significant increase in thousand-grain weight. Histological analysis using paraffin sections revealed that the extreme curling in acl3 primarily results from a reduction in both the number and area of bulliform cells between vascular bundles in the adaxial epidermis. Genetic analysis indicated that the acl3 mutant phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which was preliminarily mapped to a 409 kb physical region between Indel markers 07g89 and 07g498 on chromosome 7. Whole-genome sequencing of acl3 and the wild-type Xida 1B was performed, and sequence variations within the acl3 mapping interval were identified using IGV software. A G-to-A base substitution was detected in the sixth exon of the annotated gene LOC_Os07g01240/SRL1/CLD1, leading to a structural change in the encoded protein. This gene was preliminarily identified as the candidate gene for ACL3. Complementary vector construction and transformation of the acl3 mutant restored the mutant traits—leaf curling, plant height, and grain size—to wild-type levels, confirming that ACL3 is a new allele of SRL1 with pleiotropic effects. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significant upregulation of leaf-rolling-related genes REL2 and NAL7. Further investigation of auxin IAA pathway-related genes showed that auxin synthesis gene YUCCA2, auxin response genes ARF1 and ARF7, and primary auxin response genes IAA10, IAA21, and IAA22 were all upregulated to varying degrees, suggesting that ACL3 may regulate rice plant architecture development through the auxin signaling pathway.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), bulliform cells, curled leaf, SRL1, auxin

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