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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2996-3004.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55027

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening and evaluation of peanut germplasms for resistance to aflatoxin production

CUI Meng-Jie1(), WANG Du2, QI Fei-Yan1, SUN Zi-Qi1, GUO Jing-Kun1, LIU Hua1, HUANG Bing-Yan1, DONG Wen-Zhao1, DAI Xiao-Dong1, HAN Suo-Yi1,*(), ZHANG Xin-You1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / The Shennong Laboratory / Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-04-11 Accepted:2025-07-09 Online:2025-11-12 Published:2025-07-17
  • Contact: *E-mail: haasxinyou@163.com; E-mail: suoyi_han@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Excellent Youth Fund Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024YQ03);Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851);Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Joint Fund(242301420023);Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(242102110308)

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Abstract:

Aflatoxin contamination is a major constraint to the healthy development of the peanut industry. Breeding peanut varieties with resistance to aflatoxin production is an effective strategy for the fundamental prevention and control of aflatoxin contamination. In this study, the resistance to aflatoxin production was evaluated in both domestic and exotic peanut germplasms previously identified as resistant to Aspergillus flavus infection. The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) in peanut kernels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to screen for aflatoxin-resistant germplasms. The study also assessed the correlations between aflatoxin content and infection index, as well as kernel nutritional quality. In addition, differences in aflatoxin content among germplasms of different botanical and plant types were analyzed. Results showed that 13 peanut germplasms, selected from 320 accessions with stable resistance to A. flavus infection, exhibited significantly lower AFB1 levels than the aflatoxin-resistant control. Among these, C203 and C206 had AFB1 concentrations below 10.00 mg kg-1, indicating consistently high resistance to both infection and aflatoxin production. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive relationship between AFB1 and AFB2 contents (P < 0.001), as well as between infection index and aflatoxin content (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between aflatoxin content and kernel nutritional quality traits of kernels. Analysis of different botanical types and plant types indicated that aflatoxin-resistant materials were more prevalent from peanut germplasms with var. hypogaea/prostrate. In conclusion, 13 peanut germplasms with stable resistance to both A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production were identified, providing valuable genetic resources for the discovery of aflatoxin resistance genes and the development of resistant peanut varieties.

Key words: peanut, aflatoxin, genetic resources, aflatoxin-resistant, novel resistance resource

Table 1

Reported peanut varieties with A. flavus resistance"

抗性类型
Resistance type		 品种
Varieties
抗侵染 Resistance to A. flavus infection J11, 粤油9号, 粤油20号, PI337394F, 闽花6号
J11, Yueyou 9, Yueyou 20, PI337394F, Minhua 6
抗产毒 Resistance to aflatoxin production 中花6号Zhonghua 6
兼抗侵染和产毒
Resistance both to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production		 花育23, 花育616, 花育9121, QT1068, QT1107, QT0790, QT0918
Huayu 23, Huayu 616, Huayu 9121, QT1068, QT1107, QT0790, QT0918

Fig. 1

Frequency distribution of AFB1 and AFB2 contents in peanut kernels"

Table 2

Analysis of variance of aflatoxin content"

毒素种类
Aflatoxin type		 极小值
Min.
(mg kg-1)		 极大值
Max.
(mg kg-1)		 均值
Mean
(mg kg-1)		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis
AFB1 2.11 133.50 47.25 24.01 50.82 0.78 0.59
AFB2 0.27 27.68 6.80 4.43 65.20 1.51 3.51

Table 3

Botanical type, plant type, sugar, AFB1 and AFB2 content of thirteen peanut germplasms with stable resistance to A. flavus infection"

编号
Number		 侵染指数
Infection index		 AFB1含量
AFB1 content (mg kg-1)		 AFB2含量
AFB2 content (mg kg-1)		 植物学类型
Botanical type		 株型
Plant type
C115 22.00 15.36 2.13 Var. hypogaea 直立 Erect type
C130 18.56 28.95 4.07 Var. hypogaea 半蔓生 Semi-prostrate type
C172 14.67 10.85 1.68 Var. hypogaea 直立 Erect type
C174 24.28 12.32 0.91 Var. vulgaris 直立 Erect type
C203 6.44 2.11 0.36 Var. hypogaea 蔓生 Prostrate type
C206 10.11 6.49 0.97 Var. hypogaea 直立 Erect type
C220 24.59 26.58 5.30 Var. hypogaea 直立 Erect type
C270 22.56 25.78 2.08 Var. hypogaea 直立 Erect type
C273 14.22 6.08 0.83 Var. hypogaea 半蔓生 Semi-prostrate type
C331 22.28 10.31 2.19 Var. hypogaea 半蔓生 Semi-prostrate type
C344 20.78 21.08 3.57 Var. hypogaea 蔓生 Prostrate type
C354 19.67 19.27 2.40 Var. hypogaea 蔓生 Prostrate type
C368 18.78 18.00 3.23 Var. hypogaea 半蔓生 Semi-prostrate type
编号
Number		 籽仁百粒重
Hundred-kernel weight (g)		 籽仁面积
Kernel area (mm2)		 蔗糖含量
Sugar content (%)		 油脂含量
Oil content (%)		 蛋白含量
Protein content (%)
C115 111.60 181.60 5.50 55.18 19.54
C130 67.80 100.34 4.31 54.87 22.09
C172 100.00 158.60 4.97 54.26 22.42
C174 64.60 85.38 3.45 55.27 22.86
C203 62.20 91.93 5.33 54.89 19.85
C206 116.80 141.67 5.79 53.36 22.09
C220 95.60 136.06 3.62 58.01 19.46
C270 83.20 143.70 5.11 52.39 23.43
C273 62.80 88.88 5.21 54.12 22.09
C331 65.60 133.13 5.51 54.42 20.34
C344 52.80 100.34 4.91 53.93 21.91
C354 61.60 95.17 4.39 55.02 21.86
C368 87.20 131.22 4.97 53.13 23.02

Fig. 2

Frequency distribution and correlation analysis of infection index, AFB1, and AFB2 content II: infection index; AFB1: aflatoxin B1; AFB2: aflatoxin B2; ***: significant correlation at P ≤ 0.001 (t-test)."

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis between AFB1 and AFB2 content and nutritional quality traits Suc: sucrose; Pr: protein; Oa: oleic acid; La: linoleic acid; Pa: palmitic acid; Sa: stearic acid; Aa: arachidic acid; Beh: behenic acid; Ara: arachidonic acid; Thr: threonine; Val: valine; Met: methionine; Ile: isoleucine; Leu: leucine; Phe: phenylalanine; Lys: lysine; His: histidine; Arg: arginine. *, **, *** mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively (t-test)."

Fig. 4

Box plots of AFB1 and AFB2 contents among different botanical types of peanut Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 (one-way ANOVA)."

Fig. 5

Boxplot of infection index in different plant types of peanuts Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 (one-way ANOVA)."

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