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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1546-1551.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01546

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Heterosis of Water Uptake Ability by Roots of Maize at Cell Level

LIU Xiao-Fang1,2,3, ZHANG Sui-Qi1,2,*, YANG Xiao-Qing1,2,3, and SHAN Lun1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; 2 Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2008-12-30 Revised:2009-03-18 Online:2009-08-12 Published:2009-06-11
  • Contact: ZHANG Sui-Qi, E-mail: sqzhang@ms.iswc.ac.cn

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Abstract:

Cell pressure probe technique has been extensively used to study plant water relations at cell level. Effect of numerous internal or external factors on water uptake by plant root cells has been studied. However, the feasibility of this technique for investigating the difference of water related parameters among varieties of the same plant species has not been reported. In this paper, the cell pressure probe was employed to study cortex cell water related parameters of primary roots among three different maize genotypes (F1 hybrid of HD4, its female parent T4 and male parent 478) under normal and water stress conditions. The water stress was simulated with PEG-6000 with ψs value of –0.2 MPa. As to the size of root cortex cells, the diameter, length and volume of cells represented as F1 > female parent > male parent under both conditions, and there was significant differences of volume among the three maize genotypes. Water stress reduced cell diameter and length obviously so as to decreased volume significantly. The root cortex cell turgor of the three maize genotypes was approximately 0.6 MPa and the genotypic difference was not noticeable under normal culture condition. By contrast to normal condition, cell turgor values of the three maize genotypes were decreased by 0.2–0.3 MPa under water stress condition and cell turgor of male parent was significantly lower than that of the other 2 varieties. The volumetric elastic modulus of the cell wall is a property of rigid cell wall which represents the change in turgorof a cell caused by a given change of the relative volume. Value ofelastic modulus represented as male parent > female parent > F1 under the two water levels and enhanced by water stress significantly. Moreover, the differences of elastic modulusamong the three maize genotypes were significant under water stress condition. The half time of water exchange represented as male parent > female parent > F1 under the two water levels, and water stressprolongedhalf time; 50 μmol·L-1 HgCl2 also prolongedhalf time, but 5 mmol L-1 2-mercaptoethanol reversed the effect partly and the final half timewas even larger than the original value. The cell hydraulic conductivity represented as F1 > female parent > male parent under the two water levels, and water stress noticeably decreased cell hydraulic conductivity. The results indicated that F1 was better than the parents and showed heterosis in water uptake ability at cell level, and cell pressure probe worked well in the study of genotypic difference of cell water related parameters. The above results also provide scientific references for breeding and selecting new genotypes of maize with improved ability of water uptake by roots and with drought-resistance.

Key words: Pressure probe, Cell, Hydraulic conductivity, Water stress, Water uptake by roots, Heterosis


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