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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (08): 1226-1233.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01226

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Optimum Amount of Potassium Fertilizer Applied under Continuous Rice-rapeseed Rotation

XIAO Ke1,TANG Jing1,LI Ji-Fu1,*,ZOU Jia-Long2,ZHU Jian-Qiang1   

  1. 1 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education / College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; 2 Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou 434020, China
  • Received:2016-12-24 Revised:2017-07-20 Online:2017-08-12 Published:2017-04-27
  • Contact: Li Jifu, E-mail: jifuli@yangtzeu.edu.cn, Tel: 0716-8066314 E-mail:497378374@qq.com
  • Supported by:

    This research was supported by the Special National Key Research and Development (2016YFD0300907), the Open-end Fund of Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education (KF201613), and the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13).

Abstract:

In order to provide a scientific basis for K fertilization in paddy-upland rotation, effects of K fertilizer rate on crop production, K efficiency, and soil K status were studied. A long-term (2011–2016) field experiment was conducted in the Jianghan Plain, Hubei province, China. Five treatments were applied with three replications each: 0 kg hm-2 (K0), 45 kg hm-2 (K1), 90 kg hm-2 (K2), 135 kg hm-2 (K3) and 180 kg hm-2 (K4), where K2 treatment was the recommended amount of K fertilizer (90 kg ha-1). The yields of rice and rapeseed were 6.87 t ha-1 and 2.25 t ha-1 respectively, in the condition without K fertilizer and with higher soil available K content. Application of K fertilizer could significantly increase the yield after one crop rotation; the increase in rapeseed season was higher than that in the rice season, accounting for 16.9% and 63.8%, respectively. With the application of the recommended amount of K fertilizer, the agronomic K efficiency (KAE) of rice and rapeseed was 5.1 kg kg-1 and 3.2 kg kg-1, respectively; however, the K recovery efficiency (KRE) and K contribution rate (KCR) of rice were lower than those of rapeseed, which indicated that K absorbed by rice was mainly from the soil, and more external supply of K fertilizer was needed to meet the nutrient demand of rapeseed. According to the fertilizer efficiency model, the optimum annual amounts of K fertilizer (K2O) were 70.5–100.9 kg ha-1 for rice, with an average of 96.6 kg ha-1, and 75.6–118.2 kg ha-1 for rapeseed, with an average of 107.0 kg ha-1, which were 7.3% and 18.9% higher, respectively, than the recommended amount in this region. Under the soil K condition in this study, long-term application of recommended K fertilizer rate (180 kg ha-1 per year) could not only affect yield stability, but also decrease crop system K balance and soil available K content. Therefore, K fertilizer should be preferentially applied in the rapeseed season rather than the rice season and straw returning to field should also be taken into consideration to maintain the soil K balance and sustainable high-yield production in the crop rotation system.

Key words: Paddy-upland rotation, Yield, Soil K, Optimum recommendation of K fertilizer, K fertilizer efficiency

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