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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1250-1259.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82051

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of tillage and straw returning methods on N2O emission from paddy fields, nitrogen uptake of rice plant and grain yield

FENG Jun-Heng1,HUANG Jin-Feng1,LIU Tian-Qi1,CAO Cou-Gui1,2,LI Cheng-Fang1,2,*()   

  1. 1 MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
  • Received:2018-10-21 Accepted:2019-01-19 Online:2019-08-12 Published:2019-03-29
  • Contact: Cheng-Fang LI E-mail:lichengfang@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671637);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301403);the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB608)

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Abstract:

Conservation tillage is an important practice to improve agricultural soil fertility. However, the effects of this practice on crop nitrogen uptake and grain yield remain unknown. Here, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different tillage (conventional intensive tillage [CT] and no-tillage [NT]) and straw returning methods (preceding crop straw returning [S] and removal [NS]) on soil N2O emission, root nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, nitrogen uptake of rice plants and grain yield in the 2016 and 2017 rice growing seasons at Huaqiao town, Wuxue county, Hubei province. The tillage practices and straw returning methods had significant effects on the N2O emission from paddy soil. Compared with CT treatment, NT treatment enhanced the N2O emission by 12.5%-18.2% in 2016 and 21.1%-38.6% in 2017. S treatments increased the soil N2O emission by 38.5%-45.5% in 2016 and 13.1%-29.5% in 2017 as compared with NS treatments. Straw returning methods had significant effects on root nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as on nitrogen uptake of rice plants and grain yield. Compared with NS treatments, S treatments had 6.7%-45.9% higher root nitrate reductase activity and 9.0%-46.7% higher root glutamine synthetase activity, resulting in 12.5%-26.0% higher nitrogen uptake of rice plants and 9.4%- 12.6% greater grain yield. Our results indicate that straw returning significantly increases nitrogen uptake and grain yield, and also promotes soil N2O emissions, suggesting that the effects of long-term NT and straw returning on global warming potential and soil carbon sequestration should be taken into account when assessing the global warming potential of these practices.

Key words: no-tillage, root, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, greenhouse gas

Fig. 1

Changes of daily air temperature in 2016 and 2017 rice growing seasons"

Table 1

Changes of soil ammonium N and nitrate N concentrations under treatments during different growing stages of rice in 2016 and 2017 (mg kg-1) "

处理
Treatment		 NH4+-N NO3--N
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 拔节期
Boosting
stage		 齐穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Mature
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 拔节期
Boosting stage		 齐穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Mature
stage
2016
CTNS 19.24±2.26 11.53±4.03 12.71±1.11 6.51±0.70 2.07±0.12 3.76±0.57 4.72±0.32 1.52±0.24
CTS 21.88±2.56 14.61±2.13 16.04±0.79 8.71±0.31 1.82±0.11 4.95±0.23 5.94±0.30 2.09±0.19
NTNS 20.04±1.09 15.84±3.17 15.50±0.47 7.85±0.25 2.10±0.20 4.91±0.16 5.52±0.30 2.34±0.22
NTS 19.51±0.72 18.60±2.64 18.13±0.48 9.78±0.10 2.04±0.28 5.67±0.12 7.71±0.45 3.21±0.33
ANOVA
T ns ** ** ** ns ** ** **
S ns ** ** * ns * ** **
T×S ns ns * ns ns ns ns ns
2017
CTNS 6.32±1.12 12.62±1.72 8.60±0.66 6.27±0.86 4.17±0.37 4.89±0.47 1.90±0.32 1.81±0.19
CTS 5.73±1.63 13.89±1.50 10.80±0.78 7.44±0.23 3.66±0.33 6.31±0.31 2.50±0.25 2.45±0.01
NTNS 7.21±1.21 15.81±1.55 10.01±0.47 7.87±0.39 3.59±0.44 5.91±0.67 2.20±0.30 1.99±0.10
NTS 6.21±0.51 17.56±2.46 13.14±0.71 9.45±0.83 2.90±0.35 7.83±0.33 2.93±0.22 2.95±0.18
ANOVA
T ns * * ** ns ** ns *
S ns ** ** ** ns ** ** *
T×S ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

Fig. 2

Seasonal changes in N2O flux under different treatments during the growth of rice in 2016 and 2017 CTNS: conventional intensive tillage without straw returning; CTS: conventional intensive tillage plus straw returning; NTNS: no-tillage and without straw returning; NTS: no-tillage plus straw returning. The solid arrow means N fertilization, and the dotted arrow means drainage of paddy field."

Table 2

Seasonal cumulative N2O emissions under different treatments during rice growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 (kg hm-2) "

处理
Treatment		 N2O累积排放量
2016 2017
翻耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 CTNS 0.22 ± 0.02 0.44±0.13
翻耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 CTS 0.32 ± 0.05 0.57±0.02
免耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 NTNS 0.26 ± 0.02 0.61±0.18
免耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 NTS 0.36 ± 0.05 0.69±0.12
ANOVA
耕作方式Tillage practices (T) * **
秸秆管理Straw managements (S) * *
T×S ns ns

Table 3

Changes in nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities at different stages of rice growth under different treatments in 2016 and 2017"

处理
Treatment		 硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase (μg NO2- g-1 FW h-1) 谷氨酰胺合成酶Glutamine synthease (μmol g-1 FW h-1)
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 拔节期
Boosting
stage		 齐穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Mature
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 拔节期
Boosting
stage		 齐穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Mature
stage
2016
CTNS 0.87±0.10 0.63±0.22 0.55±0.10 0.13±0.05 17.40±2.98 29.87±7.70 22.85±1.73 5.05±1.95
CTS 0.92±0.03 0.74±0.08 0.63±0.08 0.21±0.05 20.53±3.30 32.58±6.62 26.74±2.04 7.39±1.31
NTNS 0.70±0.13 0.55±0.09 0.55±0.04 0.08±0.06 19.83±2.11 30.69± 4.94 27.51±2.10 4.79±1.23
NTS 0.80±0.13 0.78±0.07 0.60±0.07 0.14±0.10 21.85±3.13 33.46±6.77 29.30±2.48 7.05±0.87
ANOVA
T * ns ns ns * ns ns ns
S ** ** * ** * * ns **
T×S ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
2017
CTNS 0.98±0.08 0.62±0.04 0.31±0.01 0.15±0.03 26.78±8.68 26.61±5.02 26.76±4.07 10.66±0.74
CTS 0.94±0.06 0.80±0.07 0.56±0.11 0.17±0.02 25.56±8.81 38.36±6.66 30.26±2.29 12.66±2.15
NTNS 0.84±0.17 0.53±0.03 0.43±0.10 0.05±0.03 29.86±10.5 29.43±1.43 20.53±4.62 8.78±0.95
NTS 0.76±0.12 0.75±0.12 0.52±0.09 0.08±0.04 27.64±7.26 41.97±8.78 29.40±5.15 9.35±1.46
ANOVA
T ns ns ns * ns ns ns ns
S ns ** ** * ns * * *
T×S ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

Table 4

Changes of total N uptake and grain yields in different treatments of rice in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮吸收量
N uptake		 产量
Grain yield
2016 翻耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 CTNS 156.51±15.15 b 7379±252 b
翻耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 CTS 179.81±11.69 a 8795±306 a
免耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 NTNS 140.86±20.13 b 7318±145 c
免耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 NTS 194.86±18.89 a 7752±143 ab
ANOVA
耕作方式Tillage practices (T) ns ns
秸秆管理Straw managements (S) ** *
T×S * ns
2017 翻耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 CTNS 203.32±9.99 bc 7302±338 b
翻耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 CTS 220.25±11.54 a 8086±177 a
免耕+前季作物秸秆不还田 NTNS 184.34±10.54 c 7549±122 b
免耕+前季作物秸秆全量还田 NTS 215.90±8.97 a 8168±41 a
ANOVA
耕作方式Tillage practices (T) ns ns
秸秆管理Straw managements (S) * *
T×S * ns
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