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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 960-967.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93050

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Effect of integrated agronomic managements on leaf growth and endogenous hormone content of summer maize

YU Ning-Ning,ZHANG Ji-Wang(),REN Bai-Zhao,ZHAO Bin,LIU Peng   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-09-14 Accepted:2020-01-15 Online:2020-06-12 Published:2020-02-29
  • Contact: Ji-Wang ZHANG E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300304-02);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671629);China Agricultural Research System(CARS-02-18);Funds of Shandong “Double Tops” Program(SYL2017YSTD02)

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Abstract:

The leaves are the main place of photosynthesis directly related to the nutritional status, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of maize plants. The experiment was conducted using summer maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 with treatments of T1: local conventional cultivation practices; T2: based on T1, increasing planting density, delaying harvesting time, decreasing fertilizer application, and changing fertilization time; T3: based on T2, further increasing planting density, and further increasing fertilizer rate; T4: based on T3, decreasing planting density and the amount of fertilizer; and nitrogen treatments of N0, N1, N2, and N3, with 0, 129.0, 184.5, and 300.0 kg N hm -2, respectively. The contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 decreased and the content of ABA increased, resulting in the decreases of SPAD, leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf mass, when nitrogen application was not enough. And the contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 increased, and ABA content decreased, and LAI, SPAD and dry matter accumulation per plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application. Integrated agronomic management practices could regulate the content of endogenous hormones in leaves. In T4 treatment, IAA, ZR, and GA3 contents increased by 23.1%, 9.8%, and 14.7%, the ABA content decreased by 12.4%, resulting in a suitable LAI; SPAD and final dry matter accumulation per plant were by 4.2% and 12.6% higher, respectively, than those in T1 treatment. Integrated agronomic managements could coordinate endogenous hormone contents, increase leaf SPAD and specific leaf mass, and be beneficial to dry matter accumulation per plant under the condition of reducing nitrogen application combining with optimal agronomic managements, which might be one of the important reasons for increasing summer maize yield.

Key words: integrated agronomic management practices, leaf endogenous hormone, specific leaf mass, leaf area index, SPAD, dry matter accumulation

Table 1

Cultivation managements and fertilizer strategies for different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 种植密度
Seeding rate
(×104 seeds hm-2)		 播种日期
Seeding
date
(m/d)		 收获日期
Harvest date
(m/d)		 施肥时期及用量
Periods and rates of fertilizer application (kg hm-2)
肥料
Fertilizer		 播前
Pre seeding		 拔节
Jointing		 抽雄
VT		 抽雄后7 d
VT+7
T1 秸秆覆盖免耕
Straw-covering No tilling		 6 6/15 9/20 N 225
P 45
K 75
T2 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 6.75 6/15 10/1 N 45 115.5
P 45
K 45 30
T3 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 8.7 6/15 10/6 N 135 225 90
P 60 90
K 150 150
T4 秸秆还田播前旋耕
Straw-covering Rotary tilling		 7.5 6/15 10/6 N 30 90 64.5
P 30 25.5
K 30 70.5 30

Fig. 1

Effects of different integrated management practices on LAI and SPAD of summer maize (2017) T1, T2, T3 and T4 are local conventional cultivation, an optimized combination of cropping system and fertilizer treatment, treatment based on high-yield studies, and further optimized combination of cropping system and fertilizer treatment, respectively. N0, N1, N2, and N3 are 0, 129.0, 184.5, and 300.0 kg N hm-2, respectively. V6, V12, VT, R3, and R6 are jointing stage, loudspeaker mouth period, tasseling stage, milking stage and maturation stage of summer maize, which are about 21, 39, 50, 80, and 110 days after sowing, respectively. * and **: significantly different at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, ns: not significant. "

Fig. 2

Effects of different integrated management practices on dry matter weight per plant of summer maize (2016-2017) The abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. * and **: significantly different at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, ns: not significant. "

Table 2

Effects of different integrated management practices on specific leaf mass (mg cm-2) of summer maize (2017) "

处理 Treatment VT VT+15 R3
T1 2.09 b 3.26 c 2.34 c
T2 2.59 a 3.90 a 2.69 a
T3 2.54 a 3.77 b 2.74 a
T4 2.59 a 3.79 b 2.49 b
N0 2.04 d 3.47 d 2.54 b
N1 2.24 c 3.58 c 2.64 b
N2 2.54 b 3.95 a 2.59 b
N3 2.64 a 3.66 b 2.79 a

Fig. 3

Effects of different integrated management practices on IAA content in leaf of summer maize (2017) V4 and V9 are the fourth leaf stage and ninth leaf stage of summer maize, which are about 16 and 29 days after sowing. The abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. **: significantly different at P < 0.01. "

Fig. 4

Effects of different integrated management practices on ZR content in leaf of summer maize (2017) The abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. **: significantly different at P < 0.01; ns: not significant. "

Fig. 5

Effects of different integrated management practices on GA3 content in leaf of summer maize (2017) The abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. **: significantly different at P < 0.01, ns: not significant. "

Fig. 6

Effects of different integrated management practices on ABA content in leaf of summer maize (2017) The abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. **: significantly different at P < 0.01, ns: not significant. "

Table 3

Correlation coefficients of leaf characteristics, dry matter weight per plant, yield with endogenous hormone contents"

相关性Correlation GA3 IAA ZR ABA ZR/ABA GA3/IAA ZR/IAA ABA/(GA3+IAA+ZR)
LAI -0.007 -0.807** -0.311 -0.641** 0.361* 0.791** 0.759** 0.349
SPAD 0.434* -0.423* 0.113 -0.437* 0.519** 0.680** 0.571** 0.064
单株干物质重
Dry matter weight per plant		 -0.108 -0.634** -0.176 0.093 -0.215 0.551** 0.623** 0.709**
产量Yield 0.734* 0.753* 0.349 -0.682 0.550 0.356 0.603 -0.755*
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