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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1416-1429.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94174

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton leaves under different nitrogen rates

SHI Xiao-Juan1(), HAN Huan-Yong2,*(), WANG Fang-Yong2, HAO Xian-Zhe1, GAO Hong-Yun1, LUO Hong-Hai1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    2 Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-11-11 Accepted:2020-04-15 Online:2020-09-12 Published:2020-05-06
  • Contact: Huan-Yong HAN,Hong-Hai LUO E-mail:1498975919@qq.com;hanhy1@163.com;luohonghai79@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101600);Innovation Team in Key Areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2017CB011);National Science and Technology Major of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2016AA001-2,4)

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Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of fortified mepiquat chloride (25% DPC, 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) on cotton leaf photosynthetic regulation under different nitrogen fertilizations. Field experiments were used Xinluzao 53 and conducted split plot arrangement with three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels [150 (N1), 300 (N2), 450 (N3) kg hm-2] and three DPC+ doses [450 (P1), 750 (P2), 1050 (P3) mL hm-2]. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and dry matter accumulation were investigated. With the increasing nitrogen application level, the chlorophyll content, leaf area, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reproductive organs dry matter accumulation were increased first and then decreased. P1N1, P2N2, and P3N3 treatments had greater reproductive organ dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual photochemical efficiency (ФPSII), electron transfer rate (ETR), and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). N2P2 treatment increased chlorophyll content, Pn, Tr, Gs, ФPSII, ETR, reproductive organs dry matter accumulation by 15.52%, 29.39%, 27.97%, 36.77%, 23.28%, 23.55%, 8.41%-22.24% respectively, while reduced NPQ by 34.54%, compared with other counterparts. The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content, leaf area, Pn, Gs, ФPSII, and significantly negatively correlated with NPQ. In conclusion, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at 300 kg hm-2 in combination with DPC+(750 mL hm-2) improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics and promoted the distribution of photosynthates to reproductive organs due to increased dry matter accumulation.

Key words: cotton, nitrogen application rate, DPC+, chemical topping, dry matter accumulation

Fig. 1

Effects of chemical capping on cotton chlorophyll contents under different nitrogen rates FF: full flowering stage; FB: full bolling stage; BO: boll opening stage; N1: low N rate (150 kg hm-2); N2: middle N rate (300 kg hm-2); N3: high N rate (450 kg hm-2); P0: artificial topping; P1: low dose of DPC+ (450 mL hm-2); P2: middle dose of DPC+ (750 mL hm-2); P3: high dose of DPC+ (1050 mL hm-2)."

Table 1

Effects of chemical capping on cotton leaf area (m2 hm-2) index under different nitrogen rates"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 22608 c 38656 c 36204 c 22207 c 38556 c 36604 c
N2 27345 b 41950 b 38904 b 26945 b 41900 b 39004 b
N3 28409 a 43090 a 40113 a 28298 a 43006 a 40127 a
P1 26635 a 42571 a 39506 a 26280 a 42238 a 39650 a
P2 26679 a 41392 ab 38495 ab 26398 a 41170 a 38379 b
P3 25022 b 39923 c 37555 b 24733 b 39795 b 37781 b
P0 26146 a 41041 bc 38072 b 25857 a 41413 a 38502 b
N1P0 22399 f 38269 bc 36059 e 21997 fg 38169 fg 36461 de
N1P1 23900 e 39967 b 37356 de 23498 e 39766 def 37959 cd
N1P2 22768 ef 39074 bc 36091 e 22371 ef 38776 efg 36489 de
N1P3 21365 f 37314 c 35307 e 20964 g 37514 g 35508 e
N2P0 27337 bcd 42502 a 39209 abcd 26938 cd 42003 abc 38611 bc
N2P1 26973 cd 43296 a 39713 abc 26575 cd 43196 ab 39912 abc
N2P2 28800 ab 42247 a 39237 abcd 28399 ab 42047abc 38936 bc
N2P3 26269 d 39753 b 37456 cde 25870 d 40354 cde 38556 bc
N3P0 28901 ab 42351 a 38947 bcd 28635 ab 44069 a 40435 ab
处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N3P1 29033 a 44451 a 41448 a 28766 a 43750 a 41081 a
N3P2 28469 abc 42854 a 40157 ab 28425 ab 42687 ab 39712 abc
N3P3 27747 bcd 42702 a 39902 ab 27366 bc 41517 bcd 39280 abc
N * * * * * *
P * * * * * *
N×P * ns ns * ns ns

Fig. 2

Effects of chemical capping on cotton gas exchange parameters under different nitrogen rates (2014) Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Effects of chemical capping on cotton Fv/Fm under different nitrogen rates Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 2

Effects of chemical capping on cotton ФPSII under different nitrogen rates"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 0.49 a 0.38 a 0.32 b 0.36 c 0.29 c 0.16 c
N2 0.57 a 0.43 a 0.36 a 0.50 a 0.35 a 0.26 a
N3 0.49 a 0.38 a 0.34 ab 0.47 b 0.31 b 0.22 b
P1 0.50 a 0.40 a 0.35 a 0.45 b 0.31 b 0.22 b
P2 0.52 a 0.39 a 0.34 a 0.47 a 0.35 a 0.22 b
P3 0.52 a 0.39 a 0.33 a 0.43 bc 0.31 b 0.16 c
P0 0.53 a 0.40 a 0.35 a 0.41 c 0.29 b 0.25 a
N1P0 0.51 abc 0.38 a 0.33 a 0.33 ef 0.26 f 0.20 ef
N1P1 0.61 abc 0.42 a 0.37 a 0.43 cd 0.34 b 0.30 b
N1P2 0.44 abc 0.34 a 0.32 ab 0.36 e 0.31 cd 0.09 h
N1P3 0.39 c 0.33 a 0.28 b 0.30 f 0.25 f 0.05 i
N2P0 0.63 ab 0.42 a 0.37 a 0.47 bc 0.33 bc 0.30 b
N2P1 0.46 abc 0.40 a 0.34 a 0.51 b 0.31 bcd 0.19 fg
N2P2 0.68 a 0.43 a 0.37 a 0.59 a 0.41 a 0.34 a
N2P3 0.52 abc 0.41 a 0.37 a 0.42 d 0.34 bc 0.21 de
N3P0 0.42 abc 0.38 a 0.35 a 0.43 cd 0.29 de 0.24 c
N3P1 0.43 bc 0.34 a 0.33 a 0.41 d 0.27 ef 0.17 g
N3P2 0.44 abc 0.37 a 0.34 a 0.47 bc 0.32 bcd 0.23 cd
N3P3 0.64 ab 0.40 a 0.37 a 0.57 a 0.34 b 0.23 cd
N ns ns * * * *
P ns ns ns * * *
N×P * ns * * * *

Table 3

Effects of chemical capping on cotton electron transfer rate under different nitrogen rates"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 112.09 b 106.81 a 97.03 a 101.04 b 65.97 b 43.58 b
N2 143.09 a 112.14 a 105.68 a 126.81 a 75.57 a 56.89 a
N3 127.59 ab 105.97 a 99.25 a 90.38 c 66.87 b 29.16 c
P1 128.25 a 104.69 a 100.76 a 106.24 b 72.16 b 42.74 a
P2 131.40 a 115.22 a 105.99 a 117.34 a 80.09 a 43.85 a
P3 135.10 a 113.61 a 103.08 a 116.19 a 70.02 b 42.95 a
P0 115.60 a 99.71 a 92.79 a 84.54 c 55.61 c 43.30 a
N1P0 104.98a 94.04 a 91.18 a 80.02 e 56.36 hi 37.98 fg
N1P1 126.54 a 112.10 a 104.41 a 115.28 bc 73.01 de 57.70 b
N1P2 112.45 a 111.15 a 102.10 a 105.79 cd 67.89 def 43.40 de
N1P3 104.41 a 106.76 a 90.44 a 103.08 d 66.61 ef 35.26 g
N2P0 120.29 a 103.01 a 96.47 a 100.36 d 58.92 gh 51.24 c
N2P1 143.82 a 112.36 a 106.52 a 123.42 b 79.42 bc 61.03 b
N2P2 159.12 a 120.85 a 113.79 a 143.76 a 89.66 a 69.17 a
N2P3 149.12 a 113.68 a 105.92 a 139.70 a 74.29 cd 46.11 d
N3P0 116.68 a 102.09 a 90.73 a 73.24 e 51.54 i 40.69 ef
N3P1 114.39 a 96.98 a 92.75 a 80.02 e 64.05 fg 9.49 i
N3P2 122.65 a 104.42 a 102.06 a 102.47 d 67.89 b 18.99 h
N3P3 151.76 a 120.39 a 112.87 a 105.79 cd 69.17 def 47.47 cd
N ns ns ns * * *
P ns ns ns * * ns
N×P ns ns ns * * *

Table 4

Effects of chemical capping on cotton non-photochemical quenching under different nitrogen rates"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 112.09 b 106.81 a 97.03 a 101.04 b 65.97 b 43.58 b
N2 143.09 a 112.14 a 105.68 a 126.81 a 75.57 a 56.89 a
N3 127.59 ab 105.97 a 99.25 a 90.38 c 66.87 b 29.16 c
P1 128.25 a 104.69 a 100.76 a 106.24 b 72.16 b 42.74 a
P2 131.40 a 115.22 a 105.99 a 117.34 a 80.09 a 43.85 a
P3 135.10 a 113.61 a 103.08 a 116.19 a 70.02 b 42.95 a
P0 115.60 a 99.71 a 92.79 a 84.54 c 55.61 c 43.30 a
N1P0 104.98a 94.04 a 91.18 a 80.02 e 56.36 hi 37.98 fg
N1P1 126.54 a 112.10 a 104.41 a 115.28 bc 73.01 de 57.70 b
N1P2 112.45 a 111.15 a 102.10 a 105.79 cd 67.89 def 43.40 de
N1P3 104.41 a 106.76 a 90.44 a 103.08 d 66.61 ef 35.26 g
处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N2P0 120.29 a 103.01 a 96.47 a 100.36 d 58.92 gh 51.24 c
N2P1 143.82 a 112.36 a 106.52 a 123.42 b 79.42 bc 61.03 b
N2P2 159.12 a 120.85 a 113.79 a 143.76 a 89.66 a 69.17 a
N2P3 149.12 a 113.68 a 105.92 a 139.70 a 74.29 cd 46.11 d
N3P0 116.68 a 102.09 a 90.73 a 73.24 e 51.54 i 40.69 ef
N3P1 114.39 a 96.98 a 92.75 a 80.02 e 64.05 fg 9.49 i
N3P2 122.65 a 104.42 a 102.06 a 102.47 d 67.89 b 18.99 h
N3P3 151.76 a 120.39 a 112.87 a 105.79 cd 69.17 def 47.47 cd
N ns ns ns * * *
P ns ns ns * * ns
N×P ns ns ns * * *

Table 5

Effects of chemical capping on cotton shoot dry matter, reproductive organs dry matter under different nitrogen rates"

Fig. 4

Effects of chemical capping on rate of reproductive organ dry matter under different nitrogen rates Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between the measured parameters and shoot and reproductive parts dry mass in different periods"

生育时期
Growth stage		 参数
Parameter		 SDM RODM LA Chl Pn Tr Gs Fv/Fm ФPS II ETR NPQ
盛花期
Full flowering		 SDM 1
RODM 0.882** 1
LA 0.901** 0.838** 1
Chl 0.788** 0.894** 0.713** 1
Pn 0.941** 0.887** 0.764** 0.877** 1
Tr 0.353 0.536 0.113 0.602* 0.617* 1
Gs 0.837** 0.857** 0.638* 0.851** 0.955** 0.769** 1
Fv/Fm 0.300 0.346 0.101 0.248 0.273 0.122 0.236 1
ФPS II 0.649* 0.827** 0.499 0.870** 0.806** 0.718** 0.808** 0.333 1
ETR 0.427 0.584* 0.262 0.614* 0.620* 0.824** 0.742** -0.004 0.685* 1
NPQ -0.687* -0.884** -0.581* -0.879** -0.821** -0.811** -0.872** -0.316 -0.869** -0.782** 1
盛铃期
Full boll		 SDM 1
RODM 0.643* 1
LA 0.903** 0.552 1
Chl 0.506 0.693* 0.316 1
Pn 0.583* 0.834** 0.453 0.734** 1
Tr 0.173 0.711** 0.122 0.647* 0.665* 1
Gs 0.568 0.885** 0.521 0.719** 0.933** 0.607* 1
Fv/Fm 0.138 -0.181 0.210 -0.359 -0.308 -0.326 -0.350 1
ФPS II 0.344 0.786** 0.267 0.857** 0.640* 0.826** 0.683* -0.313 1
ETR 0.060 0.303 0.014 0.666* 0.419 0.681* 0.330 -0.137 0.667* 1
生育时期
Growth stage		 参数
Parameter		 SDM RODM LA Chl Pn Tr Gs Fv/Fm ФPS II ETR NPQ
盛铃期
Full boll		 NPQ -0.471 -0.828** -0.372 -0.912** -0.788** -0.847** -0.797** 0.246 -0.933** -0.683* 1
吐絮期
Boll opening		 SDM 1
RODM 0.809** 1
LA 0.864** 0.464 1
Chl 0.707* 0.888** 0.393 1
Pn 0.682* 0.806** 0.354 0.930** 1
Tr 0.373 0.714** 0.011 0.878** 0.782** 1
Gs 0.684* 0.954** 0.325 0.926** 0.863** 0.799** 1
Fv/Fm -0.083 0.163 -0.379 0.324 0.292 0.476 0.219 1
ФPS II 0.605* 0.735** 0.445 0.690* 0.514 0.571 0.692* -0.224 1
ETR 0.224 0.641* -0.113 0.772** 0.682* 0.916** 0.719** 0.376 0.520 1
NPQ -0.546 -0.866** -0.231 -0.888** -0.777** -0.825** -0.872** -0.233 -0.716** -0.888** 1
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