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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1750-1759.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04097

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Changes of endogenous hormones on storage root formation and its relationship with storage root number under different potassium application rates of sweet potato

JIANG Zhong-Yu(), TANG Li-Xue, LIU Hong-Juan, SHI Chun-Yu*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’ an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-04-24 Accepted:2020-07-02 Online:2020-11-12 Published:2020-07-15
  • Contact: Chun-Yu SHI E-mail:jiangzhongyuyy@163.com;scyu@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371577);This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701357);the Potato Innovation Program for Chief Expert of Shandong Province(SDAIT-16-01)

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Abstract:

In order to explore the changes of endogenous hormones on storage root formation and its relationship with storage root number under different potassium application rates of sweet potato root, sweet potato varieties ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ with significant differences in storage root number were used as experimental materials, potassium oxide (K2O) was used as fertilizer, and four potassium fertilizer gradients of 0 (K0), 120 (K2), 240 (K3), and 360 kg hm-2 (K4) were set. The effects of different potassium application rates on the contents of endogenous hormones, the activity of related metabolic enzymes, the number of storage root and root evenness in swelling roots of sweet potato during root formation and harvest stage were studied. Compared with the treatment without potassium fertilizer (K0), the application of potassium fertilizer decreased the enzyme activities of indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) and peroxidase (POD), increased the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), increased the content of zeatin riboside (ZR) and decreased the content of gibberellins (GA3). Potassium application enhanced the activity of primary cambium and promoted the differentiation from adventitious root to storage root by regulating the content of endogenous hormones in swelling roots of sweet potato. Compared with the control, the application of potash fertilizer significantly increased the number and weight of storage roots per plant and root yield of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’. The number of storage roots per plant of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ increased by 3.16%-25.40% and 3.85%-33.11%, respectively, and the yield increased by 4.22%-17.31% and 3.94%-18.45%, respectively. Compared with the potassium application treatments of the two varieties, the K2 treatment had the highest storage roots number per plant, the highest weight and yield of storage roots, with the best root evenness.

Key words: sweet potato, potassium application rate, endogenous hormone, primary cambium, root number, root evenness

Table 1

Root yield of sweet potato and its components"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root		 单薯重
Fresh weight
(g lump-1)		 块根产量
Storage root yield
(kg hm-2)
2017 烟薯25 YS25 K0 2.52 d 286.56 c 39,558.35 c
K1 2.75 c 304.47 b 41,227.94 bc
K2 3.16 a 341.81 a 46,407.27 a
K3 2.93 b 334.22 a 44,457.46 ab
北京553 BJ553 K0 1.51 c 292.96 c 22,632.30 c
K1 1.69 b 311.82 b 23,890.75 b
K2 2.01 a 328.95 a 26,807.34 a
K3 1.94 a 319.61 ab 26,503.20 a
2018 烟薯25 YS25 K0 4.59 c 137.02 b 34,072.14 b
K1 4.74 c 152.22 ab 37,139.85 b
K2 4.94 a 165.89 a 39,836.92 ab
K3 4.80 ab 163.20 a 39,090.54 a
北京553 BJ553 K0 3.00 b 212.06 b 34,850.80 c
K1 3.12 ab 225.75 ab 36,222.25 bc
K2 3.31 a 240.72 a 40,063.04 a
K3 3.20 ab 233.91 a 38,467.80 ab

Table 2

Commodity rate and yield of sweet potato at harvest period in 2018"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 大型薯产量
Large potato yield
(kg hm-2)		 大型薯率
Large potato ratio
(%)		 中型薯产量
Medium potato yield
(kg hm-2)		 中型薯
Medium potato ratio
(%)		 小型薯产量Small potato
yield
(kg hm-2)		 小型薯率
Small potato ratio
(%)
烟薯25 YS25 K0 12,180.75 35.75 18,862.35 55.36 3025.65 8.88
K1 9,183.45 25.09 21,663.60 58.33 6157.80 16.58
K2 6,093.60 15.61 28,754.55 73.66 4188.60 10.73
K3 11,221.20 28.13 22,242.90 55.76 6426.30 16.11
北京553 BJ553 K0 21,553.80 61.06 12,484.05 34.93 1433.25 4.01
K1 21,693.90 59.64 12,666.90 34.97 1952.40 5.39
K2 14,583.45 36.08 22,579.50 56.36 3024.75 7.55
K3 14,241.45 39.03 20,291.10 55.13 2149.50 5.84

Table 3

Storage root tidiness of sweet potato at harvest period in 2018"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单薯重
Fresh weight		 块根长度
Storage root length		 块根直径
Storage root diameter
(g lump-1) CV (%) (cm lump-1) CV (%) (mm lump-1) CV (%)
烟薯25
YS25		 K0 137.02 d 13.86 22.33 c 26.73 44.39 c 43.09
K1 152.22 c 11.78 24.00 ab 19.12 50.23 b 28.16
K2 160.84 a 8.72 24.50 a 14.68 53.57 a 18.85
K3 156.02 b 9.24 23.50 b 26.09 49.92 b 25.16
北京553
BJ553		 K0 202.74 d 12.05 19.46 c 28.33 70.28 a 28.83
K1 225.75 c 6.03 22.46 ab 22.09 65.45 b 26.58
K2 239.59 a 5.16 23.79 a 20.56 55.40 c 25.61
K3 214.63 c 7.76 21.39 b 23.84 66.21 b 27.78

Fig. 1

Effect of potassium application on IAA content in swelling roots of sweet potato in 2018 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among the different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Effect of potassium application on ZR content in swelling roots of sweet potato in 2018 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among the different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Effect of potassium application on GA3 content in swelling roots of sweet potato in 2018 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among the different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 4

Effect of potassium application on IAAO activity in swelling roots of sweet potato in 2018 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among the different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Effect of potassium application on POD activity in swelling roots of sweet potato in 2018 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among the different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

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