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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 481-493.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01039

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Cropping effect and variety adaptability of winter-seeded spring wheat in Inner Mongolia Plain irrigation area

DONG Yu-Xin1,2(), WEI Bing-Qi1, WU Qiang1, ZHANG Yong-Ping1,*()   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
    2College of Agricultural and Forestry, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbeir 021008, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2020-05-03 Accepted:2020-10-14 Online:2021-03-12 Published:2020-11-20
  • Contact: ZHANG Yong-Ping E-mail:imaudyx@sina.com;imauzyp@163.com
  • Supported by:
    FThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560365)

Abstract:

Growing spring wheat in Inner Mongolia is challenging because of the short growing period, dry-hot winds, and heat-forced maturity. There are also problems with growing winter wheat varieties, such as frost damage, spring droughts, or “late spring cold”. These factors have restricted efforts to increase yields. In order to cope with these challenges, this study adopted a “winter-seeded spring wheat” planting model for growing wheat in Inner Mongolia and investigated wheat varieties with different vernalization requirements through two consecutive field trials. The effects of different varieties on seed germination and seedling emergence, growth, leaf physiological, root traits, and yield formation were analyzed. The results indicated that the spring varieties and some winter varieties of the tested wheat varieties were overwintered as seed and passed the vernalization stage, and matured normally in the following year. Under winter sowing conditions, the spring field germination rate of the tested wheat varieties was lower than that of spring sowing wheat, but the root system developed, and the adaptability to low temperature and drought was stronger. Three wheat varieties suitable for winter-sowing in the Inner Mongolia plain irrigation area were screened out by systematic clustering, including the spring variety Yongliang 4, winter cultivar Ningdong 11 and semi-winter cultivar Henong 7106. Their common characteristics were higher overwintering emergence rate, stronger stress resistance, relatively well-developed root system and higher yield performance, among which, Yongliang 4 could reach the same level as spring-seeded.

Key words: winter-seeded spring wheat, variety, yield, Inner Mongolia plain irrigation area

Table 1

Initial soil properties along the root zone profile of 0-20 cm layer"

年份
Year
pH 有机质
Organic matter
(%)
碱解氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2014/2015 7.61 2.06 36.39 23.02 123.47
2015/2016 7.73 2.01 37.98 21.64 118.06

Fig. 1

Temperature and rainfall of the two years in the experiment"

Table 2

Name and origin of tested wheat varieties"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
春化类型
Vernalization type
来源
Origin
2014/2015 巴麦12号
Bamai 12
春性
Springness
巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院
Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
巴麦13号
Bamai 13
春性
Springness
巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院
Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
农麦2号
Nongmai 2
春性
Springness
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院
Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
永良4号
Yongliang 4
春性
Springness
宁夏永宁县小麦育种繁殖所
Wheat Breeding and Reproduction Institute of Yongning County
周麦26号
Zhoumai 26
半冬性
Semi-winterness
周口市农业科学院
Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
鲁原502
Luyuan 502
半冬性
Semi-winterness
山东省农业科学院
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
河农7106
Henong 7106
半冬性
Semi-winterness
河北农业大学
Hebei Agricultural University
宁冬11号
Ningdong 11
冬性
Winterness
宁夏农林科学院
Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
中麦0818
Zhongmai 0818
冬性
Winterness
中国农业科学院
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
中麦1062
Zhongmai 1062
冬性
Winterness
中国农业科学院
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
石优20号
Shiyou 20
冬性
Winterness
石家庄市农林科学研究院
Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
农大212
Nongda 212
冬性
Winterness
中国农业大学
China Agricultural University
济麦22号
Jimai 22
冬性
Winterness
山东省农业科学院
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2015/2016 巴麦12号
Bamai 12
春性
Springness
巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院
Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences
巴麦13号
Bamai 13
春性
Springness
巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院
Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences
年份
Year
品种
Variety
春化类型
Vernalization type
来源
Origin
2015/2016 农麦2号
Nongmai 2
春性
Springness
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院
Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
农麦201
Nongmai 201
春性
Springness
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院
Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
永良4号
Yongliang 4
春性
Springness
宁夏永宁县小麦育种繁殖所
Wheat Breeding and Reproduction Institute of Yongning County
周麦26号
Zhoumai 26
半冬性
Semi-winterness
周口市农业科学院
Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
鲁原502
Luyuan 502
半冬性
Semi-winterness
山东省农业科学院
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
河农7106
Henong 7106
半冬性
Semi-winterness
河北农业大学
Hebei Agricultural University
宁冬11号
Ningdong 11
冬性
Winterness
宁夏农林科学院
Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
新冬42号
Xindong 42
冬性
Winterness
伊犁州农业科学研究所
Yili Institute of Agricultural Sciences

Table 3

Emergence rates of different wheat varieties under two sowing dates in 2014 and 2015"

品种
Variety
出苗率Emergence rate (%)
冬播Winter sowing 春播Spring sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 44.2±0.3 c 86.5±0.4 de
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 48.0±0.3 b 85.9±0.4 f
中麦0818 Zhongmai 0818 0.6±0.2 j 87.1±0.2 c
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 37.2±0.4 g 86.5±0.5 de
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 42.5±0.4 d 85.6±0.4 fg
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 41.5±0.6 e 86.1±0.3 ef
中麦1062 Zhongmai 1062 25.6±0.4 h 84.9±0.5 h
石优20号 Shiyou 20 15.3±0.4 i 88.4±0.4 a
农大212 Nongda 212 0.5±0.3 j 85.3±0.4 gh
济麦22号 Jimai 22 0.7±0.4 j 87.6±0.4 b
河农7106 Henong 7106 47.5±0.5 b 86.1±0.3 ef
永良4号 Yongliang 4 49.1±0.4 a 86.7±0.3 cd
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 38.2±0.4 f 85.2±0.4 gh

Table 4

Emergence rates of different wheat varieties under two sowing dates in 2015 and 2016"

品种
Variety
出苗率Emergence rate (%)
冬播Winter sowing 春播Spring sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 61.9±1.0 d 87.4±0.5 ab
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 67.2±0.4 b 86.8±0.5 cd
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 59.5±0.6 e 86.5±0.5 de
农麦201 Nongmai 201 63.2±0.6 c 87.3±0.4 abc
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 58.1±0.4 f 87.0±0.2 bcd
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 60.2±0.6 e 86.7±0.5 d
新冬42号 Xindong 42 63.7±0.7 c 85.9±0.6 f
河农7106 Henong 7106 66.5±0.6 b 87.0±0.4 bcd
永良4号 Yongliang 4 68.7±0.6 a 87.6±0.4 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 53.5±0.8 f 86.1±0.7 ef

Table 5

Wheat yield and yield component for different varieties under two sowing dates in 2014 and 2015"

播期
Sowing date
品种
Variety
穂数
Spikes (×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grains per spike
千粒重
1000-grain weigh (g)
籽粒产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
冬播
Winter sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 452.6±10.3 f 35.3±0.6 f 44.50±0.43 a 4977±135 d
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 500.4±8.9 d 38.3±0.5 b 40.31±0.30 gh 5408±186 b
中麦0818 Zhongmai 0818
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 463.2±6.2 f 33.6±0.4 h 41.86±0.16 d 4560±191 efg
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 477.7±6.1 e 35.6±0.4 f 40.01±0.26 h 4763±194 e
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 454.9±5.8 f 33.7±0.6 gh 42.16±0.30 d 4518±182 fg
中麦1062 Zhongmai 1062 363.6±7.5 i 38.0±0.4 bc 41.13±0.46 f 3978±199 hi
石优20号 Shiyou 20 197.7±7.6 k 38.9±0.7 a 39.10±0.38 i 2105±90 k
农大212 Nongda 212
济麦22号 Jimai 22
河农7106 Henong 7106 511.1±9.3 d 34.1±0.6 g 43.10±0.44 c 5258±176 c
永良4号 Yongliang 4 526.6±7.9 c 35.3±0.3 f 43.88±0.42 b 5710±250 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 418.8±8.1 g 36.9±0.7 d 43.09±0.37 c 4661±116 ef
春播
Spring sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 403.2±8.2 h 33.9±0.6 gh 43.17±0.24 c 4130±157 h
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 243.8±5.8 j 37.7±0.5 c 37.05±0.26 l 2384±77 j
中麦0818 Zhongmai 0818
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 600.7±11.4 b 32.7±0.5 i 40.41±0.26 g 5556±257 b
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 604.4±9.4 b 32.5±0.3 i 37.73±0.10 k 5188±167 c
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 592.9±8.0 b 31.9±0.5 j 41.54±0.39 e 5500±301 b
中麦1062 Zhongmai 1062
石优20号 Shiyou 20
农大212 Nongda 212
济麦22号 Jimai 22
河农7106 Henong 7106 460.8±3.1 f 35.2±0.4 f 38.73±0.17 j 4397±242 a
永良4号 Yongliang 4 639.9±12.0 a 31.8±0.4 j 42.06±0.43 d 5991±316 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 370.7±8.0 i 36.1±0.3 e 40.58±0.33 g 3801±194 i
相关系数r 0.9522** -0.6494 0.4756
方差分析ANOVA 品种 Variety (V) 502.06** 82.18** 189.81** 51.65**
播期 Sowing date (D) 33.37** 98.49** 568.24** 38.70**
品种×播期 V×D 427.74** 13.97** 20.65** 62.39**

Table 6

Wheat yield and yield component for different varieties under two sowing dates in 2015 and 2016"

播期
Sowing date
品种
Variety
穂数
Spikes (×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grains per spike
千粒重
1000-grain weigh (g)
籽粒产量
Yield (kg hm-2 )
冬播
Winter sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 565.6±11.4 gh 30.3±0.4 ef 44.42±0.47 a 5524±192 f
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 625.5±6.5 e 32.9±0.5 a 41.08±0.22 e 6204±222 cde
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 559.4±10.9 h 32.8±0.5 a 39.31±0.40 g 5341±256 fg
农麦201 Nongmai 201 555.1±9.9 h 28.7±0.6 h 38.83±0.21 h 4796±197 hi
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 531.3±7.6 ij 31.3±0.6 cd 42.11±0.21 d 5108±307 gh
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 541.7±8.0 i 30.2±0.6 ef 41.21±0.15 e 4827±169 hi
播期
Sowing date
品种
Variety
穂数
Spikes (×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grains per spike
千粒重
1000-grain weigh (g)
籽粒产量
Yield (kg hm-2 )
冬播
Winter sowing
新冬42号 Xindong 42 582.1±8.4 f 32.3±0.4 ab 40.88±0.54 e 5550±175 f
河农7106 Henong 7106 639.2±8.6 d 29.9±0.4 fg 43.13±0.42 c 6030±114 de
永良4号 Yongliang 4 658.8±7.3 c 31.6±0.6 bc 43.58±0.37 b 6623±171 ab
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 523.5±10.2 j 32.6±0.5 a 42.73±0.30 c 5387±237 fg
春播
Spring sowing
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 504.1±5.0 k 29.3±0.7 gh 42.77±0.20 c 4718±180 i
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 304.5±9.6 m 32.7±0.5 a 37.05±0.37 j 2745±159 k
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 693.2±6.6 ab 31.5±0.6 bc 37.35±0.16 j 5945±261 e
农麦201 Nongmai 201 687.1±11.1 ab 29.1±0.3 gh 37.89±0.15 i 5591±206 f
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 679.6±9.5 b 30.6±0.4 def 41.09±0.36 e 6308±183 cd
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 688.7±2.9 ab 30.8±0.5 cde 40.38±0.19 f 6369±215 bc
新冬42号 Xindong 42
河农7106 Henong 7106 576.3±4.5 fg 30.2±0.5 ef 38.69±0.41 h 4983±187 hi
永良4号 Yongliang 4 700.6±12.9 a 31.5±0.5 bc 41.98±0.31 d 6843±354 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 463.8±3.5 l 29.8±0.4 fg 40.17±0.43 f 4356±248 j
相关系数r 0.9328** 0.0730 0.4214
方差分析 ANOVA 品种 Variety (V) 397.12** 33.40** 210.96** 49.46**
播期 Sowing date (D) 21.51** 14.52** 609.36** 13.38**
品种×播期 V×D 493.77** 6.47** 25.62** 73.48**

Table 7

Leaf physiological indexes of different wheat varieties under winter-seeded in 2014 and 2015"

品种
Variety
丙二醛含量
MDA content
(μmol g-1 FW)
游离脯氨酸含量
Pro content
(μg g-1 FW)
可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content
(mg g-1 FW)
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
SOD活性
SOD activity
(U g-1 FW)
POD活性
POD activity
(U g-1 FW min-1)
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 6.57 de 138.33 b 12.88 cd 54.46 c 227.79 c 256.86 cd
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 5.22 fg 167.36 a 16.02 a 60.51 a 271.97 a 316.04 a
中麦0818 Zhongmai 0818 8.58 ab 149.72 b 11.06 e 45.11 f 197.23 e 251.31 cd
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 7.01 cd 122.43 cd 14.72 b 53.41 cd 202.72 de 263.63 bc
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 6.30 e 140.23 b 12.09 d 50.99 de 238.78 bc 241.01 de
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 6.31 e 133.72 bc 13.28 c 48.67 e 261.02 a 232.07 e
中麦1062 Zhongmai 1062 8.46 ab 112.87 de 12.20 d 50.13 e 223.23 cd 244.49 de
石优20号 Shiyou 20 8.09 b 135.10 bc 9.55 f 48.87 e 186.39 ef 213.38 f
农大212 Nongda 212 9.00 a 107.95 de 10.12 f 50.63 e 188.10 ef 230.65 e
济麦22号 Jimai 22 8.87 a 99.28 e 9.92 f 46.06 f 171.38 f 196.62 g
河农7106 Henong7106 5.73 f 164.63 a 15.60 a 58.59 b 254.78 ab 277.13 b
永良4号 Yongliang 4 4.71 g 175.12 a 14.66 b 62.52 a 265.06 a 303.64 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 7.51 c 142.83 b 12.93 cd 58.80 b 189.82 ef 242.44 de
平均值 Mean 7.10 137.66 12.69 52.98 221.41 251.48

Table 8

Leaf physiological indexes of different wheat varieties under winter-seeded in 2015 and 2016"

品种
Variety
丙二醛含量
MDA content
(μmol g-1 FW)
游离脯氨酸含量
Pro content
(μg g-1 FW)
可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content
(mg g-1 FW)
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
SOD活性
SOD activity (U g-1 FW)
POD活性
POD activity
(U g-1 FW min-1)
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 6.57 c 145.41 c 13.27 d 55.00 c 223.23 c 249.43 d
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 5.77 d 158.90 b 16.50 a 61.12 b 266.53 a 309.20 a
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 7.42 b 138.23 d 12.45 e 51.50 d 234.00 c 253.42 d
农麦201 Nongmai 201 7.86 a 124.30 e 13.35 d 46.06 f 213.06 d 224.39 ef
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 7.52 b 133.72 d 13.68 d 50.16 d 190.80 e 220.04 f
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 7.56 b 126.43 e 13.16 d 47.94 e 198.67 e 226.27 ef
新冬42号 Xindong 42 6.73 c 148.37 c 14.82 c 56.36 c 216.36 d 272.64 c
河农7106 Henong 7106 5.79 d 156.39 b 16.07 ab 60.78 b 249.68 b 279.90 c
永良4号 Yongliang 4 5.09 e 168.36 a 15.69 b 63.14 a 259.76 ab 296.68 b
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 7.35 b 137.68 d 13.32 d 59.39 b 186.02 e 234.86 e
平均值 Mean 6.77 143.78 14.23 55.15 223.81 256.68

Table 9

The root traits of different wheat varieties under two sowing dates in 2015 and 2016"

品种
Variety
根长密度
RLD (cm cm-3)
根表面积密度
RSAD (cm2 cm-3)
根体积密度
RVD (mm3 cm-3)
根重密度
RWD (mg cm-3)
WS SS WS SS WS SS WS SS
周麦26号 Zhoumai 26 1.36 d 1.36 d 0.23 bc 0.22 c 1.95 d 1.88 d 0.52 c 0.50 c
宁冬11号 Ningdong 11 1.44 b 1.38 c 0.26 a 0.18 e 2.04 b 1.65 f 0.55 b 0.43 g
农麦2号 Nongmai 2 1.25 h 1.30 e 0.20 de 0.21 c 1.73 h 1.83 e 0.45 g 0.48 e
农麦201 Nongmai 201 1.30 f 1.30 e 0.22 c 0.21 c 1.89 e 1.88 d 0.49 e 0.49 cd
巴麦12号 Bamai 12 1.27 g 1.34 d 0.21 cd 0.22 c 1.78 g 1.91 c 0.47 f 0.49 de
巴麦13号 Bamai 13 1.31 f 1.38 c 0.23 bc 0.23 b 1.86 f 1.96 b 0.48 e 0.52 b
新冬42号 Xindong 42 1.34 e 0.23 bc 1.94 d 0.50 d
河农7106 Henong 7106 1.38 c 1.41 b 0.24 ab 0.22 c 1.99 c 1.83 e 0.54 b 0.50 c
永良4号 Yongliang 4 1.47 a 1.47 a 0.26 a 0.25 a 2.08 a 2.10 a 0.58 a 0.57 a
鲁原502 Luyuan 502 1.23 i 1.23 f 0.19 e 0.20 d 1.65 i 1.67 f 0.44 h 0.45 f
平均值 Mean 1.33 1.35 0.22 0.22 1.89 1.86 0.50 0.49
Wilcox.test * ns ns ns

Table 10

Clustering results of physiological indexes and yield of 13 wheat varieties under winter sowing"

年份
Year
类别
Class
品种数
Number of
varieties
比例
Proportion (%)
代表性品种
Representative varieties
2014/2015 I 6 46.2 周麦26号, 农麦2号, 巴麦12号, 巴麦13号, 鲁原502, 中麦1062
Zhoumai 26, Nongmai 2, Bamai 12, Bamai 13, Luyuan 502, Zhongmai 1062
II 3 23.1 宁冬11号, 永良4号, 河农7106
Ningdong 11, Yongliang 4, Henong 7106
III 4 30.7 中麦0818, 石优20号, 农大212, 济麦22号
Zhongmai 0818, Shiyou 20, Nongda 212, Jimai 22
2015/2016 I 2 20.0 周麦26号, 新冬42号
Zhoumai 26, Xindong 42
II 3 30.0 宁冬11号, 河农7106, 永良4号
Ningdong 11, Henong 7106 , Yongliang 4
III 5 50.0 农麦2号, 农麦201, 巴麦12号, 巴麦13号, 鲁原502
Nongmai 2, Nongmai 201, Bamai 12, Bamai 13, Luyuan 502

Table 11

Systematic clustering results of 13 wheat varieties under winter sowing in 2014 and 2015"

类别Class 出苗率
Emergence rate
(%)
丙二醛含量
MDA content
(μmol g-1)
游离脯氨酸含量
Pro content
(μg g-1)
可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content
(mg g-1)
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1)
SOD活性
SOD activity
(U g-1)
POD活性
POD activity
(U g-1 min-1)
籽粒产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
I 38.2 7.03 131.74 13.02 52.74 223.89 246.75 4576
II 48.2 5.22 169.04 15.43 60.54 263.94 298.94 5459
III 4.6 8.64 123.01 10.16 47.67 185.78 224.49 526
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