江苏太湖地区不同生育类型粳稻品种产量对不同播期气候因子的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02031

Abstract

Abstract:

Light, temperature, water are important factors affecting the formation of rice yield. In order to investigate the response of different growth types of rice to climate factors under different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province and to provide the basis for reasonable sowing date arrangement of different growth type varieties in the region, two different growth types with high-quality early maturing line Su 1785 and late maturing variety Suxiangjing 100 were planted at different sowing dates from 2018 to 2019 in the experimental farm of Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that the yield of varieties with different growth stages decreased with the delay of sowing date. The yield variation of late maturing varieties was larger than that of early maturing varieties during sowing dates and years, and the stability of yield was poor. The effective panicles and the total grains per panicle of two varieties at different growth stages decreased with the delay of sowing date, while the differences of sowing dates of seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight varied with different growth types. Early sowing dates significantly reduced the seed setting rate of early maturing varieties, while late sowing dates significantly decreased 1000-grain weight of late maturing varieties. The effects of sowing dates on photosynthetic production before heading stage of early maturing varieties were significantly higher than that of late maturing varieties, while the effects on dry matter accumulation and population productivity after heading stage were opposite. Under the condition of late sowing dates, the stem sheath matter export rate and translocation rate of late maturing varieties decreased rapidly, which was not conducive to the transport of stem sheath materials and accumulation of filling materials. The correlation analysis showed that sunshine hours were the first most important climatic factors affecting rice yield. The effects of daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature on rice yield varied with different growth types. Daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature were significantly positively correlated with the yield of early maturing varieties, but not with late maturing varieties. The effects of climate factors on yield were as follows: sunshine hours > average daily temperature, and effective cumulative temperature > precipitation.

Key words: rice, sowing date, climatic factors, variety type, yield

DONG Ming-Hui, CHEN Pei-Feng, JIANG Yi, CAO Peng-Hui, SONG Yun-Sheng, GU Jun-Rong, XIE Yu-Lin, QIAO Zhong-Ying, ZHANG Wen-Di, HUANG Li-Fen. Response of yield of different growth types of japonica rice varieties to climatic factors at different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 952-963.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Climatic factors during different growth period under different sowing dates"

年度Year	品种Variety type	播期Seeding date	播种-拔节S-J				拔节-抽穗J-H				抽穗-成熟H-J				全生育期Whole growth period
年度Year	品种Variety type	播期Seeding date	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP(mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)	日均气温ADT (℃)	日照时数DSD (h)	降水量EP (mm)	有效积温EAT (℃ d)
2018	V1	B1	25.8	336.9	285.5	1613.2	30.1	268.6	102.3	894.6	26.7	358.4	341.2	1699.2	26.9	963.9	729.0	4207.0
		B2	26.3	357.2	277.2	1610.2	30.2	251.2	169.2	917.0	26.5	351.2	284.2	1682.4	27.0	959.6	730.6	4209.6
		B3	27.4	332.4	228.6	1583.4	30.4	241.3	182.2	916.2	25.5	340.6	214.2	1572.3	26.8	914.3	625.0	4071.9
		B4	28.2	312.2	247.2	1371.3	29.9	227.2	178.4	762.0	25.1	334.0	190.3	1498.2	26.7	873.4	615.9	3631.5
	V2	B1	26.9	492.2	329.3	2158.3	29.7	278.2	236.7	1018.9	23.5	308.2	147.3	1398.2	26.4	1078.6	713.3	4575.4
		B2	27.5	487.2	315.2	2047.9	29.4	269.3	225.3	1007.6	23.0	302.0	140.3	1349.2	26.2	1058.5	680.8	4404.7
		B3	28.2	466.3	288.2	1946.2	29.3	247.2	268.2	965.3	21.5	297.2	169.5	1305.5	26.1	1010.7	725.9	4217.0
		B4	28.8	444.0	248.2	1775.2	29.0	223.3	251.2	924.3	20.9	285.2	182.3	1289.3	25.9	952.5	681.7	3988.8
2019	V1	B1	25.4	314.9	266.3	1413.2	30.5	298.2	62.7	940.0	26.3	368.2	336.0	1676.4	26.5	981.3	665.0	4029.6
		B2	25.7	340.6	243.4	1530.2	31.0	248.4	226.0	963.6	26.9	346.6	162.8	1499.0	26.9	935.6	632.2	3992.8
		B3	26.6	317.2	188.4	1523.4	30.2	206.7	213.2	962.8	24.3	331.0	237.0	1414.1	26.5	854.9	638.6	3900.3
		B4	26.2	289.8	230.0	1371.3	28.3	201.2	214.0	800.8	23.5	326.4	197.9	1457.2	26.1	817.4	641.9	3629.3
	V2	B1	26.3	485.0	303.1	2040.3	30.1	295.0	261.3	1070.7	22.9	307.4	135.7	1371.0	25.4	1087.4	700.1	4482.0
		B2	26.5	481.2	293.4	1948.7	29.8	266.1	265.3	1058.8	22.2	306.6	142.7	1300.4	25.4	1057.7	701.4	4307.9
		B3	27.4	446.9	293.4	1837.2	29.3	220.6	313.4	1014.3	21.0	296.0	163.5	1281.3	25.2	963.5	770.3	4132.8
		B4	28.4	430.2	230.6	1573.8	28.4	193.9	245.2	971.3	20.3	291.6	167.3	1237.1	25.1	915.7	643.1	3782.2

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Effects of sowing dates on dry matter accumulation and transformation in rice"

年度 Year	品种Variety type	播期 Seeding date	播种-拔节S-J		拔节-抽穗J-H		抽穗-成熟H-M		抽穗期群体干物质累积量DMAHS (t hm^-2)	成熟期群体干物质累积量DMAMS (t hm^-2)	茎鞘物质输出率 OPSDM (%)	茎鞘物质转运率 TPSDM (%)
年度 Year	品种Variety type	播期 Seeding date	累积量DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	累积量 DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	累积量 DMA (t hm^-2)	群体生产率GP (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	抽穗期群体干物质累积量DMAHS (t hm^-2)	成熟期群体干物质累积量DMAMS (t hm^-2)	茎鞘物质输出率 OPSDM (%)	茎鞘物质转运率 TPSDM (%)
2018	V1	B1	4.15 b	66.73 b	5.66 a	176.42 a	6.90 a	109.85 a	9.79 a	16.51 a	28.32 ab	16.31 ab
		B2	4.31 ab	70.36 b	5.87 a	188.62 a	7.01 a	114.71 a	10.28 a	17.01 a	31.59 a	18.96 a
		B3	4.49 a	80.35 b	4.51 b	167.05 b	6.84 ab	105.69 ab	8.87 b	15.90 b	27.32 ab	15.67 b
		B4	4.42 a	87.24 a	4.08 c	152.76 c	6.52 b	99.52b	8.59 b	13.87 c	26.44 b	13.54 c
		平均值Average	4.34	78.67	5.03	171.21	6.82	107.44	9.38	15.82	28.42	16.12
		变异系数CV	6.70	17.36	17.31	6.60	3.09	5.99	8.40	8.71	7.92	13.85
	V2	B1	4.90 a	62.00 b	6.38 a	167.91 a	8.22 a	137.07 a	11.28 a	19.50 a	30.93 a	16.74 a
		B2	4.89 a	66.48 b	5.98 a	161.68 a	8.11 a	137.46 a	10.90 a	19.01 a	28.66 ab	15.75 a
		B3	4.95 a	71.32 ab	5.15 b	147.26 b	7.57 b	128.46 b	10.00 b	17.58 b	25.26 b	12.90 b
		B4	4.99 a	82.69 a	4.59 c	131.01 c	6.82 c	114.25 c	9.77 b	16.51 b	22.08 c	10.95 b
		平均值Average	4.96	70.62	5.53	151.97	7.68	129.31	10.49	18.15	26.73	14.08
		变异系数CV	3.17	12.60	14.63	10.81	8.34	8.40	6.83	7.51	14.51	18.81
2019	V1	B1	3.93 c	70.21 c	5.86 a	197.70 a	7.14 a	131.29 a	10.21 ab	17.13 a	32.18 a	19.47 a
		B2	4.19 c	78.76 bc	6.19 a	207.94 a	7.17 a	125.61 ab	10.52 a	17.33 a	33.35 a	18.76 a
		B3	4.63 b	82.51 ab	4.41 b	173.33 b	7.16 a	125.61 ab	9.17 b	16.74 b	33.84 a	17.75 ab
		B4	5.02 a	87.86 a	3.94 c	168.04 b	6.62 b	123.24 b	8.87 b	16.13 c	28.06 b	15.68 b
		平均值Average	4.44	79.84	5.10	184.25	7.02	126.19	9.69	16.83	31.86	17.91
		变异系数CV	10.83	9.30	21.44	13.63	3.83	2.97	8.22	3.12	8.24	2.90
	V2	B1	4.68 c	59.26 c	6.10 a	160.51 a	7.86 a	131.03 a	10.78 a	18.64 a	29.57 a	16.00 a
		B2	4.83 bc	64.88 bc	5.84 a	157.78 a	7.91 a	134.14 a	10.64 a	18.55 ab	27.96 ab	15.37 ab
		B3	4.91 b	73.68 ab	5.33 b	152.16 a	7.83 a	132.72 a	10.34 b	18.16 b	26.10 b	13.32 b
		B4	5.33 a	81.77 a	4.53 c	129.57 b	6.74 b	112.99 b	9.67 c	16.33 c	21.84 c	10.83 c
		平均值Average	4.94	69.90	5.45	150.01	7.59	127.72	10.36	17.92	26.37	13.88
		变异系数CV	5.64	14.15	12.69	9.37	7.44	7.75	4.77	6.03	12.65	16.81

Table 4

Fig. 4

Table 5

Correlation between climatic factors and yield and yield components"

品种 Variety	时期 Growth stage	气候因子 Climatic factors	有效穗 Effective panicle	每穗总粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
V1	播种-拔节 S-J	日均气温ADT	-0.698	-0.480	0.445	-0.299	-0.524
		日照时数DSD	0.748^*	0.681	-0.019	0.528	0.730^*
		降水量EP	0.166	0.102	-0.238	0.152	0.355
		有效积温EAT	0.389	0.242	-0.187	-0.275	0.852^**
	拔节-抽穗 J-H	日均气温ADT	0.375	0.725^*	0.241	0.697	0.748^*
		日照时数DSD	0.935^**	0.933^**	-0.861^**	0.522	0.917^**
		降水量EP	-0.374	-0.725^*	0.197	-0.136	-0.201
		有效积温EAT	0.138	0.484	-0.226	0.386	0.170
	抽穗-成熟 H-J	日均气温ADT	0.242	0.306	-0.485	0.758^*	0.664
		日照时数DSD	0.951^**	0.545	-0.834^**	0.862^**	0.790^*
		降水量EP	-0.306	0.358	-0.279	0.362	0.185
		有效积温EAT	0.324	0.112	-0.240	0.496	0.476
	全生育期Whole growth period	日均气温ADT	-0.258	0.784^*	0.306	0.646	0.824^**
		日照时数DSD	0.791^*	0.966^**	-0.677	0.733^*	0.917^**
		降水量EP	0.230	0.288	-0.390	0.569	0.151
		有效积温EAT	0.522	0.542	-0.330	0.321	0.725^*
V2	播种-拔节 S-J	日均气温ADT	-0.643	0.554	-0.583	-0.138	0.127
		日照时数DSD	0.822^**	0.727^*	0.873^**	0.777^*	0.885^**
		降水量EP	0.215	0.452	0.289	0.347	0.447
		有效积温EAT	0.302	0.185	0.352	0.132	0.215
	拔节-抽穗 J-H	日均气温ADT	0.708^*	0.882^**	0.355	0.227	0.498
		日照时数DSD	0.767^*	0.929^**	0.795^*	0.875^**	0.651
		降水量EP	-0.474	0.065	-0.392	-0.126	-0.131
		有效积温EAT	0.221	0.757^*	0.473	0.162	0.797^*
	抽穗-成熟 H-J	日均气温ADT	0.173	0.120	0.285	0.656	0.781^*
		日照时数DSD	0.381	-0.227	0.247	-0.075	0.023
		降水量EP	-0.231	-0.368	-0.272	-0.239	-0.383
		有效积温EAT	0.275	0.374	0.366	0.780^*	0.846^**
	全生育期Whole growth period	日均气温ADT	-0.371	0.636	-0.289	0.282	0.543
		日照时数DSD	0.772^*	0.898^**	0.797^*	0.759^*	0.881^**
		降水量EP	0.036	0.568	0.136	0.368	-0.386
		有效积温EAT	0.079	0.771^*	0.369	0.819^**	0.797^*

Table 5

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变异来源Source	平方和SS	自由度DF	均方MS	F值F-value
年度Year (Y)	271,397,697.2	1	271,397,697.2	1.02
品种Variety (V)	275,408,239.9	1	275,408,239.9	35.25^**
播期Seeding date (S)	962,699,403.8	3	320,899,801.3	258.36^**
年度×品种Y×V	266,099,179.1	1	266,099,179.1	18.35^**
年度×播期Y×S	795,987,468.5	3	265,329,156.2	29.24^**
品种×播期V×S	741,505,616.9	3	247,168,539.0	60.39^**
年度×品种×播期Y×V×S	794,176,078.2	3	264,725,359.4	39.48^**

年度Year	品种Variety	播期 Seeding date	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗总粒数Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
2018	V1	B1	324.25 a	126.69 a	88.36 b	26.74 a	9.71 a
		B2	314.63 b	125.34 a	92.21 a	26.49 a	9.63 a
		B3	305.05 c	123.59 a	91.89 a	26.52 a	9.19 b
		B4	290.21 d	120.36 a	93.65 a	26.32 a	8.61 c
		平均值Average	308.54	124.00	91.53	26.52	9.28
		变异系数CV	4.70	2.21	2.45	0.65	5.43
	V2	B1	316.25 a	125.56 a	95.96 a	28.17 a	10.73 a
		B2	305.74 b	122.32 ab	95.44 a	27.59 b	9.85 b
		B3	290.38 c	117.32 ab	95.04 a	27.32 b	8.85 c
		B4	289.34 c	114.36 b	95.17 a	26.48 c	8.34 d
		平均值Average	300.43	119.89	95.40	27.39	9.44
		变异系数CV	4.31	4.18	0.43	2.57	11.29
2019	V1	B1	313.45 a	140.69 a	85.68 b	26.02 a	9.83 a
		B2	309.85 a	133.56 ab	92.95 a	26.39 a	10.15 a
		B3	297.49 b	129.91 bc	92.45 a	26.28 a	9.39 b
		B4	286.29 c	120.48 c	91.43 a	26.10 a	8.23 c
		平均值Average	301.77	131.16	90.63	26.20	9.40
		变异系数CV	4.10	6.41	3.71	0.64	8.94
	V2	B1	306.65 a	123.60 a	95.72 a	28.87 a	10.47 a
		B2	297.88 ab	120.10 a	95.38 a	28.83 a	9.84 b
		B3	288.10 b	119.62 a	94.10 a	27.84 b	9.03 c
		B4	285.14 b	107.52 b	93.25 a	25.64 c	7.33 d
		平均值Average	294.44	115.21	94.61	28.02	9.06
		变异系数CV	3.33	10.35	1.21	3.91	17.28

Response of yield of different growth types of japonica rice varieties to climatic factors at different sowing dates in Taihu region of Jiangsu province

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