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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 942-951.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02032

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evaluation of orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting on yield formation and growth characteristics of rice

WANG Wei-Qin1(), TANG Qi-Yuan1,*(), CHEN Yuan-Wei1, JIA Wei1, LUO You-Yi1, WANG Xiao-Hui1, ZHENG Hua-Bin1, XIONG Jiao-Jun2   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2The Corporation of Hongshuo Agriculture, Yiyang 413207, Hunan, China
  • Received:2020-05-12 Accepted:2020-11-13 Online:2021-05-12 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: TANG Qi-Yuan E-mail:wwqbrad@163.com;cntqy@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:
    Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-26)

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Abstract:

Orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting refers to the rice establishment methods that throw-transplanted the rice seedlings to the field in rows and lines by seedling broadcasting machine. Which are suggested to prominently increase the uniformity and efficiency of rice crops compared with manual seedling broadcasting. The present study was carried out to compare the differences between orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting, manual transplanting and manual seedling broadcasting regarding yield formation and growth characteristics of rice. The results suggested that the grain yield of rice under orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting was increased compared with manual transplanting and manual seedling broadcasting by 22.4%-28.3% and 2.8%-8.9%, respectively. On the aspect of growth traits, the orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting was characterized as good ventilation, better assimilation ability of dry matter at late growth stages, delayed leaf senescence and high grain filling percentage, which increased the panicle numbers per square meter by 20.9%-64.2% compared with that of manual transplanting and increased the seed setting rate as compared with manual seedling-broadcasting. However, in order to further develop the potential of high yield, the techniques and planting machines of orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting still need to be improved. In addition, the process of seedling recovery, tiller development and root growth traits of rice under orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting should be explored in future studies.

Key words: rice, orderly mechanical seedling-broadcasting, yield, growth characteristics

Table 1

Growth characteristics of rice varieties and planting model with the measurement of wind speed"

品种
Variety		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 地上部生物量
Above-ground biomass (g m-2)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index
黄华占 手插秧 Manual transplanting 104.2 863.5 4.13
Huanghuazhan 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 109.7 1325.7 7.23
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 105.1 1172.8 6.88
甬优1538 手插秧 Manual transplanting 104.6 1042.4 4.32
Yongyou 1538 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 105.4 1602.6 7.84
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 103.6 1248.1 7.26

Table 2

Growth durations of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植方式
Establishment methods		 播种-移栽
Seeding-
Transplanting
(d)		 移栽-齐穗
Transplanting-
Heading
(d)		 齐穗-成熟
Heading-
Maturity
(d)		 全生育期
Growth
durations
(d)
2018 黄华占 手插秧 Manual transplanting 20 65 38 123
Huanghuazhan 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 20 65 36 121
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 20 65 36 121
甬优1538 手插秧 Manual transplanting 20 74 50 144
Yongyou 1538 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 20 73 49 142
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 20 73 49 142
2019 黄华占 手插秧 Manual transplanting 21 65 33 119
Huanghuazhan 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 21 64 33 118
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 21 67 33 121
甬优1538 手插秧 Manual transplanting 21 67 50 138
Yongyou 1538 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 21 68 51 140
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 21 69 52 142

Fig. 1

Grain yield of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods Different lowercase letters denote the variances of different establishment methods of the same variety in a year (5% level according to LSD test)."

Table 3

Yield components of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植方式
Establishment methods		 单位面积有效穗数
Panicle numbers per m2		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 结实率
Seed setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
2018 黄华占 手插秧 Manual transplanting 254.7 b 164.0 a 88.3 a 19.4 a
Huanghuazhan 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 340.0 a 156.6 a 85.6 a 19.7 a
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 308.0 a 158.7 a 88.5 a 19.4 a
平均值 Mean value 300.9 A 159.8 A 87.5 A 19.5 A
甬优1538 手插秧 Manual transplanting 190.7 b 320.6 a 70.5 b 20.0 a
Yongyou 1538 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 310.7 a 312.7 a 76.3 ab 20.7 a
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 313.3 a 307.7 a 79.7 a 20.3 a
平均值 Mean value 271.6 A 313.7 A 77.6 A 20.9 A
2019 黄华占 手插秧 Manual transplanting 282.7 b 170.0 a 78.4 b 18.1 a
Huanghuazhan 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 372.0 a 146.8 b 79.3 ab 18.9 a
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 377.3 a 151.7 ab 83.4 a 19.1 a
平均值 Mean value 344.0 A 156.2 A 80.4 B 18.7 A
甬优1538 手插秧 Manual transplanting 193.3 b 303.4 a 76.2 b 21.1 a
Yongyou 1538 手抛秧 Manual seedling-broadcasting 289.3 a 261.6 b 76.3 b 20.9 a
机抛秧 Mechanical seedling-broadcasting 286.7 a 263.9 b 80.4 a 20.9 a
平均值 Mean value 256.4 A 276.3 A 75.5 A 20.3 A

Fig. 2

Tillering dynamics of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods"

Fig. 3

Above-ground biomass of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods MT: middle tillering; PI: Panicle initation; HD: heading; PM: physiological maturity. In each sub-figure, different lowercase letters denote the variances between different establishment methods at the same growth period (5% level according to LSD test)."

Fig. 4

Dry matter accumulation of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 at post-flowering stage under different rice establishment methods Different lowercase letters denote the variances between different establishment methods at the 5% probability level according to LSD test."

Fig. 5

SPAD values of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods TS: middle tillering; PI: panicle initation; HD: heading; 10 DAH:10 days after heading."

Fig. 6

Wind and gust velocity of Huanghuazhan and Yongyou 1538 under different rice establishment methods"

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