钙与氮肥互作对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04186

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium and nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut. A field experiment was conducted using Huayu 25 with two calcium (Ca) rates (0 and 600 kg hm^-2), and five nitrogen (N) rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg hm^-2) in Jiyang (JY) and Yinmaquan (YMQ) in 2019. The results showed that compared with Ca₀, the dry matter accumulation of peanuts under Ca₆₀₀ treatment was significantly increased by 13.5% in the Jiyang, by 12.6% in Yinmaquant. Compared with N₀, nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted the accumulation of dry matter in peanut, and the N₇₅, N₁₅₀, N₂₂₅, N₃₀₀ treatments increased dry matter accumulation by 12.8%, 17.7%, 26.3%, 21.0% in Jiyang and 16.7%, 28.4%, 24.9%, 22.9% in Yinmaquan, respectively. The dynamic curve of peanut dry matter and nitrogen absorption accumulation conformed to the Logistic model, and the maximal nitrogen accumulation (Y_m) was obtained under Ca₆₀₀N₂₂₅treatment in Jiyang and Ca₆₀₀N₁₅₀ treatment Yinmaquan. Compared to the average, the maximal speed of accumulation (V_m), the maximal biomass, duration of rapid accumulation (T), were increased at two plots by 12.4% and 10.6%, 14.9% and 13.7%, 2.3% and 3.1%, respectively. The starting date of rapid accumulation period (t₁) was 7.5 days and 9.4 days earlier for nitrogen than for dry matter, indicated that the nutrient absorption of peanut was the premise of dry matter accumulation. The pod yield of peanut of Ca₆₀₀N₂₂₅ in Jiyang and Ca₆₀₀N₁₅₀ and Ca₆₀₀N₂₂₅ in Yinmaquan was higher than other treatments. Effects of interaction between calcium rates and nitrogen rates had a significant impact on peanut yield. Increasing calcium fertilizer application was an important way to improve nitrogen use efficiency, which increased pod number and 100-pod weight and promoted stably high yield in peanut. In this study, calcium fertilizer (600 kg hm^-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg hm^-2) were applied as the optimal fertilization scheme in the cultivation of less-fertilizer, stable-yield, and improved-efficiency treatment, while calcium fertilizer (600 kg hm^-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (150-225 kg hm^-2) as high-yield and high-efficiency treatment.

Key words: peanut, nitrogen fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, yield

WANG Jian-Guo, ZHANG Jia-Lei, GUO Feng, TANG Zhao-Hui, YANG Sha, PENG Zhen-Ying, MENG Jing-Jing, CUI Li, LI Xin-Guo, WAN Shu-Bo. Effects of interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1666-1679.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of calcium and nitrogen application on nitrogen distribution in peanut"

处理 Treatment		济阳Jiyang (JY)							饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment		营养器官 VO (kg hm^-2)		营养器官 VO (%)		生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)		生殖器官 GO (%)	营养器官 VO (kg hm^-2)		营养器官 VO (%)		生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)		生殖器官 GO (%)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm^-2)
Ca₀		96.8		36.3		170.9 b		63.7	98.8 b		37.7		164.2 b		62.3
Ca₆₀₀		100.7 a		32.4		211.6 a		67.6	104.3 a		34.3		201.2 a		65.7
施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀		81.5 e		36.5		143.1 d		63.5	86.5 c		38.7		137.9 e		61.3
N₇₅		96.9 d		34.8		182.9 c		65.2	98.8 b		36.1		175.7 d		63.9
N₁₅₀		100.9 c		33.6		201.0 b		66.4	107.0 a		33.8		210.6 a		66.2
处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)								饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	营养器官 VO (kg hm^-2)		营养器官 VO (%)		生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)		生殖器官 GO (%)		营养器官 VO (kg hm^-2)	营养器官 VO (%)		生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)		生殖器官 GO (%)
N₂₂₅		108.4 a		32.6		225.2 a		67.4	108.0 a		35.2		199.8 b		64.8
N₃₀₀		106.0 b		34.3		204.3 b		65.7	107.2 a		36.3		189.4 c		63.7
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca₀×N₀		78.0 g		38.2		126.2 g		61.8	82.2 d		40.1		122.6 h		59.9
Ca₀×N₇₅		94.1 e		36.9		161.0 f		63.1	95.1 c		37.7		156.8 g		62.3
Ca₀×N₁₅₀		98.7 d		35.9		176.6 e		64.1	104.9 ab		35.7		189.0 de		64.3
Ca₀×N₂₂₅		108.0 a		34.5		204.8 c		65.5	106.5 ab		36.9		182.4 e		63.1
Ca₀×N₃₀₀		105.2 ab		36.1		186.1 d		63.9	105.2 ab		38.2		170.0 f		61.8
Ca₆₀₀×N₀		85.0 f		34.7		160.0 f		65.3	90.9 c		37.3		153.2 g		62.7
Ca₆₀₀×N₇₅		99.6 cd		32.7		204.7 c		67.3	102.6 b		34.5		194.6 d		65.5
Ca₆₀₀×N₁₅₀		103.1 bc		31.4		225.3 b		68.6	109.2 a		32.0		232.3 a		68.0
Ca₆₀₀×N₂₂₅		108.7 a		30.7		245.5 a		69.3	109.5 a		33.5		217.2 b		66.5
Ca₆₀₀×N₃₀₀		106.9 ab		32.4		222.6 b		67.6	109.1 a		34.3		208.9 c		65.7
变异来源Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca)		**				**			**				**
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)		**				**			**				**
施钙量×施氮量 Ca×N		ns				ns			ns				ns

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen and calcium application on yield and yield component in peanut"

处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)					饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg hm^-2)	总果数 Total pods (×10⁴ pods hm^-2)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-kernel weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg hm^-2)	总果数 Total pods (×10⁴ pods hm^-2)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-kernel weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)
钙量 Ca rate (kg hm^-2)
Ca₀	5034 b	330 b	229.0 b	94.6 b	70.6 a	5551 b	345 b	236.3 b	97.3 a	70.3 a
Ca₆₀₀	5824 a	351 a	236.1 a	95.9 a	70.7 a	62,942 a	366 a	242.7 a	98.8 a	70.5 a
施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	4401 d	312 d	218.1 d	92.7 d	70.0 a	5073 d	330 d	225.1 c	95.5 c	69.8 b
N₇₅	5053 c	329 c	230.5 c	95.2 c	70.5 a	5648 c	344 c	238.9 b	98.0 b	70.3 ab
N₁₅₀	5712 b	347 b	237.0 bc	96.1 c	70.8 a	6486 a	375 a	249.7 a	100.3 a	70.8 a
N₂₂₅	6172 a	356 a	242.4 b	97.4 b	71.0 a	6348 a	367 b	244.3 ab	99.0 ab	70.6 a
N₃₀₀	5805 b	352 a	234.8 a	94.8 a	70.8 a	6057 b	363 b	239.6 b	97.5 b	70.5 a
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca₀×N₀	3903 g	299 f	210.8 f	92.3 d	69.8 c	4686 f	320 f	219.2 e	95.0 c	69.7 c
Ca₀×N₇₅	4500 f	313 e	228.3 de	94.4 c	70.6 ab	5219 e	331 e	235.4 c	97.2 b	70.0 bc
Ca₀×N₁₅₀	5379 d	336 c	233.6 cd	95.2 b	70.7 ab	6102 c	361 c	248.7 a	99.7 b	70.7 ab
Ca₀×N₂₂₅	5876 c	347 bc	239.4 bc	96.8 a	71.0 a	6044 c	359 c	241.5 b	98.1 b	70.6 ab
处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)					饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg hm^-2)	总果数 Total pods (×10⁴ pods hm^-2)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-kernel weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg hm^-2)	总果数 Total pods (×10⁴ pods hm^-2)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-kernel weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)
Ca₀×N₃₀₀	5510 cd	343 c	232.9 cd	94.3 c	70.7 ab	5703 d	355 c	236.8 c	96.7 bc	70.3 abc
Ca₆₀₀×N₀	4900 e	324 d	225.3 e	93.1 d	70.2 bc	5459 e	340 d	231.0 d	95.9 c	69.8 c
Ca₆₀₀×N₇₅	5606 c	345 c	232.7 cd	96.0 ab	70.5 ab	6078 c	357 c	242.4 b	98.9 ab	70.7 ab
Ca₆₀₀×N₁₅₀	6046 b	358 ab	240.3 ab	97.0 a	70.9 ab	6871 a	388 a	250.7 a	100.9 a	70.9 ab
Ca₆₀₀×N₂₂₅	6467 a	366 a	245.4 a	98.0 a	71.1 a	6651 a	374 b	247.1 a	99.9 ab	70.7 a
Ca₆₀₀×N₃₀₀	6099 b	360 a	236.7 bc	95.4 b	70.9 ab	6412 b	370 b	242.4 b	98.3 b	70.6 ab
变异来源Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca)	**	**	**	*	ns	**	**	**	*	ns
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**

Table 5

Fig. 3

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处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)						饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	t_m (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	t_m (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)
Ca₀	13,750	272.6	62.5	45.9	79.1	33.2	14,824	282.4	60.5	43.2	77.8	34.6
Ca₆₀₀	15,604	312.1	62.6	46.1	79.1	32.9	16,728	307.8	60.5	42.6	78.4	35.8
N₀	12,676	267.8	61.9	46.3	77.5	31.2	13,250	261.7	58.3	41.6	75.0	33.3
N₇₅	14,313	291.6	62.3	46.1	78.4	32.3	15,518	290.6	60.5	43.0	78.1	35.2
N₁₅₀	14,954	296.1	62.4	45.7	79.0	33.3	17,106	314.3	61.0	43.1	78.9	35.8
N₂₂₅	16,063	308.8	63.0	45.8	80.1	34.3	16,646	305.8	61.2	43.3	79.1	35.8
N₃₀₀	15,388	298.9	62.8	45.8	79.7	33.9	16,367	304.8	60.9	43.2	78.6	35.4
Ca₀×N₀	11,732	250.8	61.6	46.2	77.0	30.8	11,844	250.8	55.8	40.2	71.3	31.1
Ca₀×N₇₅	13,257	271.4	62.0	45.9	78.1	32.2	14,326	277.2	59.8	42.7	76.8	34.0
Ca₀×N₁₅₀	13,923	278.1	62.1	45.6	78.5	33.0	16,262	301.3	61.6	43.8	79.4	35.5
Ca₀×N₂₂₅	15,266	288.9	63.4	46.0	80.8	34.8	16,045	296.0	62.3	44.4	80.1	35.7
Ca₀×N₃₀₀	14,582	277.4	63.1	45.8	80.4	34.6	15,663	294.5	61.6	44.1	79.1	35.0
Ca₆₀₀×N₀	13,620	285.3	62.2	46.5	77.9	31.4	14,665	276.1	60.1	42.6	77.6	35.0
Ca₆₀₀×N₇₅	15,369	312.0	63.2	47.0	79.4	32.4	16,716	304.7	61.2	43.1	79.2	36.1
Ca₆₀₀×N₁₅₀	15,988	314.5	62.6	45.9	79.3	33.5	17,949	327.6	60.5	42.4	78.5	36.1
Ca₆₀₀×N₂₂₅	16,860	329.2	62.5	45.7	79.4	33.7	17,243	316.4	60.1	42.2	78.0	35.9
Ca₆₀₀×N₃₀₀	16,194	320.6	62.5	45.9	79.2	33.3	17,073	316.3	60.1	42.4	77.9	35.5
平均Average	14,679	292.8	62.5	46.0	79.0	33.0	15,779	296.1	60.3	42.8	77.8	35.0

处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)						饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	t_m (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	t_m (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm^-2)
Ca₀	268	5.7	53.8	38.3	69.3	31.0	264	5.7	49.3	34.1	64.5	30.4
Ca₆₀₀	313	7.2	52.9	38.7	67.2	28.5	306	6.6	48.2	33.0	63.3	30.3
施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	225	5.5	52.2	38.8	65.5	26.7	225	5.5	45.8	32.3	59.2	26.9
N₇₅	280	6.4	53.1	38.7	67.6	28.9	275	6.3	47.4	33.1	61.7	28.6
N₁₅₀	302	6.7	53.3	38.5	68.1	29.6	318	6.6	50.0	34.2	65.8	31.6
N₂₂₅	334	7.0	54.0	38.2	69.8	31.7	309	6.4	49.7	33.9	65.5	31.5
N₃₀₀	311	6.7	53.6	38.3	68.8	30.5	297	6.2	49.4	33.7	65.1	31.4
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca₀×N₀	204	5.1	52.4	39.1	65.7	26.6	205	5.0	46.3	32.7	59.9	27.1
Ca₀×N₇₅	256	5.7	53.1	38.3	67.9	29.6	252	6.0	47.1	33.2	61.1	27.9
Ca₀×N₁₅₀	276	5.9	53.5	38.1	69.0	30.8	295	6.2	50.0	34.4	65.6	31.2
Ca₀×N₂₂₅	314	6.1	54.6	37.6	71.6	33.9	290	5.9	51.0	34.8	67.1	32.3
Ca₀×N₃₀₀	292	5.9	54.4	38.1	70.7	32.6	276	5.9	50.1	34.6	65.6	31.0
Ca₆₀₀×N₀	245	6.0	52.0	38.7	65.4	26.7	244	6.0	45.3	32.0	58.6	26.6
Ca₆₀₀×N₇₅	305	7.1	53.1	39.0	67.3	28.2	298	6.7	47.5	32.9	62.0	29.1
Ca₆₀₀×N₁₅₀	329	7.5	53.2	38.7	67.6	28.9	342	7.1	49.5	33.8	65.3	31.5
Ca₆₀₀×N₂₂₅	355	7.9	53.5	38.7	68.3	29.6	327	7.0	48.6	33.3	64.0	30.8
Ca₆₀₀×N₃₀₀	330	7.7	52.4	38.3	66.5	28.2	319	6.9	47.2	32.0	62.3	30.3
平均Average	291	6.5	53.2	38.5	68.0	29.5	285	6.3	48.3	33.4	63.2	29.8

处理 Treatment	济阳Jiyang (JY)				饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
处理 Treatment	营养器官VO (kg hm^-2)	营养器官 VO (%)	生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)	生殖器官 GO (%)	营养器官 VO (kg hm^-2)	营养器官 VO (%)	生殖器官 GO (kg hm^-2)	生殖器官 GO (%)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm^-2)
Ca₀	8065 b	59.2	5593 b	40.8	8054 b	55.0	6622 b	45.0
Ca₆₀₀	8709 a	56.3	6806 a	43.7	8502 a	51.6	7992 a	48.4
施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	7603 c	60.4	5013 d	39.6	7282 c	55.5	5869 d	44.5
N₇₅	8329 b	58.6	5897 c	41.4	8110 b	53.0	7240 c	47.0
N₁₅₀	8443 b	56.8	6445 b	43.2	8597 a	51.0	8287 a	49.0
N₂₂₅	8843 a	55.6	7090 a	44.4	8737 a	53.2	7712 b	46.8
N₃₀₀	8718 a	57.2	6551 b	42.8	8665 a	53.9	7429 c	46.1
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca₀×N₀	7170 e	61.4	4503 g	38.6	6717 e	57.0	5067 h	43.0
Ca₀×N₇₅	7876 d	59.8	5302 f	40.2	7766 d	54.7	6437 g	45.3
Ca₀×N₁₅₀	8077 d	58.4	5763 d	41.6	8418 c	52.4	7647 d	47.6
Ca₀×N₂₂₅	8683 bc	57.4	6450 c	42.6	8743 a	55.2	7101 f	44.8
Ca₀×N₃₀₀	8515 c	58.9	5948 d	41.1	8627 bc	55.7	6858 ef	44.3
Ca₆₀₀×N₀	8036 d	59.3	5523 e	40.7	7848 d	54.1	6668 fg	45.9
Ca₆₀₀×N₇₅	8780 ab	57.5	6493 c	42.5	8455 bc	51.2	8043 c	48.8
Ca₆₀₀×N₁₅₀	8809 ab	55.3	7127 b	44.7	8775 a	49.6	8927 a	50.4
Ca₆₀₀×N₂₂₅	9002 a	53.8	7730 a	46.2	8732 a	51.2	8323 b	48.8
Ca₆₀₀×N₃₀₀	8920 ab	55.5	7155 b	44.5	8702 ab	52.1	7999 c	47.9
变异来源 Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca)	**		**		**		**
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)	**		**		**		**
施钙量×施氮量 Ca×N	ns		ns		**		ns

Effects of interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut

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