北方主栽花生品种的源库特征及其分类

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04164

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore whether and how source-sink theory was involved in mediating peanut high yield formation, a field experiment was conducted using 13 major peanut cultivars in North China. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate natural indicators for the characterization and classification of source-sink types such as leaf area (LA) per plant, number of flowers, and pod rate. The results showed that LA per plant, number of flowers, pod rate, and pod plumpness at the pod-setting and pod-filling stages could be the major characteristics to evaluate source-sink relationship. Based on the source-sink indicators and yield components, these peanut cultivars could be classified into four categories, including source-sink coordination type, large source-few sink type, sufficient source-few sink type, and sufficient source-large sink type. The source-sink coordination type varieties could achieve high yield mainly due to the higher net assimilation rate at the pod-setting stage, the moderate florescence and number of flowers, and the higher economic pods ratio and pod fullness. Large source-few sink type cultivars had higher LA, but lower net assimilation rate and smaller contribution of the leaf area to the yield formation, thus decreased the pod yield. Sufficient source-large sink type cultivars had longer florescence and more flowers compared to others types, leading to reduce the pod rate and pod plumpness, which was the main limiting factor to increase the pod yield. On the contrary, both florescence and the number of flowers per plant of sufficient source-few sink type cultivars were less than others types. In summary, to prevent the redundancy of leaf source, more flowers but less pegs, and more pods but less kernels and to promote the effective proportions and pod fullness resulting in higher pod yield in peanut production, corresponding measures should be taken to control leaf area and amount of flowering according to different source-sink types peanut cultivars.

Key words: peanut, source, sink, evaluation indicator, yield

GAO Fang, LIU Zhao-Xin, ZHAO Ji-Hao, WANG Ying, PAN Xiao-Yi, LAI Hua-Jiang, LI Xiang-Dong, YANG Dong-Qing. Source-sink characteristics and classification of peanut major cultivars in North China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1712-1723.

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References 38

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品种 Cultivar		品种来源 Origin
丰花1号 Fenghua 1	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University
山花9号 Shanhua 9	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University
青花7号 Qinghua 7	青岛农业大学 Qingdao Agricultural University
潍花8号 Weihua 8	潍坊市农业科学院 Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
潍花16号 Weihua 16	潍坊市农业科学院 Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
花育33号 Huayu 33	山东省花生研究所 Shandong Peanut Research Institute
花育36号 Huayu 36	山东省花生研究所 Shandong Peanut Research Institute
冀花5号 Jihua 5	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
冀花18155 Jihua 18155	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
中花24 Zhonghua 24	中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
日花1号 Rihua 1	日照市东港花生研究所 Rizhao Donggang Peanut Research Institute
豫花15号 Yuhua 15	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
豫花9326 Yuhua 9326	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

特征 Characteristic	性状 Trait	变异范围 Range of variation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
源性状 Source traits	花针期LA LA at pegging stage (cm ²)	860.37-2100.63	29.37
	结荚期LA LA at pod setting stage (cm²)	1717.71-2910.91	18.87
	饱果期LA LA at pod filling stage (cm²)	650.05-1442.52	26.42
	花针期LDM LDM at pegging stage (g)	7.05-11.44	13.91
	结荚期LDM LDM at pod setting stage (g)	9.47-15.63	18.87
	饱果期LDM LDM at pod filling stage (g)	4.05-9.24	25.01
库性状 Sink traits	开花数Number of flowers (ind)	67.43-124.10	17.11
	开花持续时间Florescence (d)	29.00-46.00	14.80
	成针率Peg rate (%)	36.67-26.95	18.89
	成果率Pod rate (%)	8.66-24.20	21.27
源库综合性状 Source-sink comprehensive traits	花针期PTR PTR at pegging stage (%)	0.24-11.85	65.76
	结荚期PTR PTR at pod setting stage (%)	26.71-49.48	17.61
	收获指数HI	0.39-0.59	12.14
	单位叶面积对产量贡献 LAC (mg cm^-2)	8.88-24.86	33.41
	单位叶面积负荷量 LAL (ind m^-2)	144.48-396.01	23.97
产量性状 Output targets	荚果充实度 Pod plumpness (%)	31.02-63.85	19.63
	有效果比例 EPR (%)	40.75-76.21	16.10
	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	6024.69-7944.44	7.88

主成分 Principal components	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%)
1	5.155	28.640	28.640
2	2.935	16.305	44.945
3	2.915	16.197	61.142
4	2.563	14.239	75.381
5	2.397	13.315	88.696

性状 Trait	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3	第4主成分 Component 4	第5主成分 Component 5
花针期LA LA at pegging stage	-0.740	0.236	0.430	0.024	0.185
结荚期LA LA at pod setting stage	-0.962	-0.091	-0.077	-0.085	0.010
饱果期LA LA at pod filling stage	0.042	-0.115	0.228	0.952	0.024
花针期叶LDM LDM at peg setting stage (g)	-0.355	0.091	-0.152	-0.359	0.480
结荚期叶LDM LDM at pod setting stage (g)	-0.942	-0.118	0.019	-0.113	0.049
饱果期叶LDM LDM at pod filling stage (g)	0.050	-0.137	0.243	0.930	-0.128
花针期PTR PTR at peg setting stage (%)	0.595	0.101	-0.069	0.064	0.703
结荚期PTR PTR at pod setting stage (%)	0.742	0.471	-0.260	-0.208	-0.080
收获指数 HI (%)	0.529	0.466	0.069	-0.589	0.136
开花持续期 Florescence (d)	-0.246	-0.191	0.865	0.200	-0.233
开花数 Number of flower (ind)	-0.089	-0.122	0.901	0.272	-0.176
成针率 Peg rate (%)	-0.445	-0.269	0.161	-0.076	0.759
成果率 Pod rate (%)	-0.131	0.422	-0.363	-0.048	0.731
有效果比例 EPR (%)	0.182	0.894	-0.276	-0.251	0.039
单位叶面积负荷量 LAL (ind m^-2)	0.254	-0.305	0.800	0.119	0.378
单位叶面积对产量贡献 LAC (mg cm^-2)	0.896	0.326	0.021	-0.072	-0.071
荚果充实度 Pod plumpness (%)	0.197	0.920	-0.217	-0.093	0.087
产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	0.507	0.471	0.182	-0.192	0.491

品种 Cultivar	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3	第4主成分 Component 4	第5主成分 Component 5	综合得分 Synthetic component
丰花1号Fenghua 1	-0.770	-1.463	0.217	2.314	-0.438	-0.172
山花9号Shanhua 9	-1.789	-3.702	4.855	2.508	0.526	0.110
青花7号Qinghua 7	-2.751	-0.774	0.691	0.488	-0.152	-0.849
潍花8号Weihua 8	3.421	3.136	0.469	0.444	-1.087	1.307
潍花16号Weihua 16	0.689	0.466	-0.866	-2.314	0.106	-0.206
花育33号Huayu 33	-3.084	1.008	0.213	-1.524	1.011	-0.864
花育36号Huayu 36	-2.696	-0.684	-2.668	-0.851	-0.798	-1.740
冀花5号Jihua 5	4.138	4.381	-1.945	-2.009	-0.561	1.380
冀花18155 Jihua 18155	2.176	1.317	-2.135	-2.613	1.744	0.397
中花24 Zhonghua 24	1.897	1.667	-0.918	1.076	2.478	1.296
日花1号Rihua 1	-0.934	-3.594	2.007	3.264	-4.181	-0.700
豫花15号Yuhua 15	0.721	0.808	0.691	0.195	0.058	0.548
豫花9326 Yuhua 9326	-1.019	-0.566	-0.614	-0.980	1.294	-0.508

Source-sink characteristics and classification of peanut major cultivars in North China

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