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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2471-2480.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02083

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

WEI Huan-He1(), ZHANG Xu-Bin1, GE Jia-Lin1, CHEN Xi2, MENG Tian-Yao2, YANG Yang3, XIONG Fei3, CHEN Ying-Long1, DAI Qi-Gen1,2,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu / Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Accepted:2021-03-19 Online:2021-12-12 Published:2021-04-14
  • Contact: DAI Qi-Gen E-mail:hhwei@yzu.edu.cn;qgdai@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019343);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001466);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901448);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671628);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671629);Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJB210004);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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Abstract:

This study was conducted to explore the effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice. To analyze the effects of salinity stress on the differentiation and degradation of spikelets, development of floral organs, and grain-filling characteristics in rice, conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 were used with three salinity treatments under pot-cultivation conditions, control (CK, 0 salt concentration), medium-salinity stress (MS, 0.15% salt concentration), and high-salinity stress (HS, 0.3% salt concentration). As a result, compared with the CK, (1) rice grain yield was decreased under salinity stress. The grain yield of Nanjing 9108 was decreased by 18.7% and 54.5%, and Yandao 12 was decreased by 24.3% and 58.6%, under MS and HS treatments, respectively. (2) the number of spikelets per panicle was decreased under salinity stress. The number of spikelets per panicle of Nanjing 9108 was 8.6% and 19.8%, and Yandao 12 was 8.0% and 25.9% lower than that of CK under MS and HS treatments, respectively. Besides, the filled-grain percentage and grain weight of Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 under MS and HS were also significantly lower than CK. (3) the number of differentiated and survived spikelets was decreased, while the number of retrograded spikelets and its rate was increased under salinity stress. Salinity stress reduced the differentiated and survived spikelets on the primary and secondary branches, while increased retrograded spikelets. The decline in the number of differentiated and survived spikelets on the secondary branches were higher than those of primary branches, and the similar observations were also for the increase in the number of retrograded spikelets. (4) the length, width, and volume of anther were decreased under salinity stress, and the similar trends were also observed for dehiscence rate of anther, pollen vigor, and the length and width of spikelets. Our results suggested that, salinity stress could inhibit the differentiation of rice spikelets and promote the degradation of spikelets, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of spikelets per panicle; it adversely affected the development of floral organs and reduced the fullness of grains, which significantly deteriorated the characteristics of grain plumpness.

Key words: rice, salinity stress, spikelets formation, grains filling

Table 1

Effects of salinity stress on grain yield in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 实产Actual yield (g plot-1)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
2019 对照 CK 126 a 121 a
中盐 MS 101 b 93 b
高盐 HS 55 c 51 c
2020 对照 CK 120 a 118 a
中盐 MS 99 b 88 b
高盐 HS 57 c 48 c

Table 2

Effects of salinity stress on panicle traits of the main stem in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
单穗重
SPW (g)		 每穗粒数
SPP		 结实率
FGP (%)		 粒重
GW (mg)		 单穗重
SPW (g)		 每穗粒数
SPP		 结实率
FGP (%)		 粒重
GW (mg)
2019 对照 CK 3.5 a 142.9 a 90.2 a 25.9 a 3.2 a 136.2 a 89.7 a 25.5 a
中盐 MS 2.9 b 131.7 b 88.3 b 24.5 b 2.7 b 127.1 b 87.4 b 24.2 b
高盐 HS 2.3 c 115.7 c 84.6 c 23.2 c 2.0 c 115.7 c 85.3 c 22.7 c
2020 对照 CK 3.7 a 150.4 a 90.7 a 26.2 a 3.4 a 143.8 a 90.2 a 25.7 a
中盐 MS 3.1 b 136.3 b 88.2 b 25.1 b 2.9 b 130.4 b 87.7 b 24.5 b
高盐 HS 2.4 c 119.4 c 85.7 c 23.7 c 2.1 c 105.7 c 85.1 c 23.0 c

Table 3

Effects of salinity stress on differentiated and retrograded spikelets of the main stem in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 155.6 a 8.3 c 147.3 a 5.3 c 150.6 a 9.2 c 141.4 a 6.1 c
中盐 MS 150.1 ab 15.0 b 135.1 b 10.0 b 145.8 a 16.6 b 129.2 b 11.4 b
高盐 HS 138.1 b 22.6 a 115.5 c 16.4 a 128.8 b 22.4 a 106.4 c 17.4 a
2020 对照 CK 165.6 a 9.3 c 156.3 a 5.6 c 157.1 a 10.0 c 147.1 a 6.3 c
中盐 MS 157.0 ab 15.4 b 141.6 b 9.8 b 151.0 ab 16.8 b 134.2 b 11.1 b
高盐 HS 144.1 b 22.0 a 122.1 c 15.3 a 133.6 b 23.8 a 109.8 c 17.8 a

Table 4

Effects of salinity stress on differentiated and retrograded spikelets of the primary branches on the main stem of rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 76.0 a 0.6 a 75.4 a 0.8 b 70.4 a 0.4 a 70.0 a 0.6 b
中盐 MS 73.0 a 2.4 a 70.6 a 3.3 b 69.1 a 2.8 a 66.3 a 4.0 a
高盐 HS 69.9 b 4.8 a 65.1 b 6.9 a 64.4 b 3.9 a 60.3 b 6.1 a
2020 对照 CK 79.1 a 0.5 a 78.6 a 0.6 b 73.5 a 0.5 a 73.0 a 0.7 b
中盐 MS 74.7 b 2.8 a 71.9 b 3.7 b 71.4 a 2.9 a 68.5 a 4.1 a
高盐 HS 72.5 b 4.6 a 67.9 b 6.4 a 60.3 b 4.2 a 56.1 b 6.9 a

Table 5

Effects of salinity stress on differentiated and retrograded spikelets of the secondary branches on the main stem in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 79.6 a 7.7 c 71.9 a 9.7 c 80.2 a 8.8 c 71.4 a 10.9 c
中盐 MS 77.1 a 12.6 b 64.5 b 16.3 b 76.7 b 13.8 b 62.9 b 18.0 b
高盐 HS 68.2 b 17.8 a 50.4 c 26.1 a 64.4 c 18.5 a 45.9 c 28.7 a
2020 对照 CK 86.5 a 8.8 c 77.7 a 10.2 c 83.6 a 9.5 c 74.1 a 11.3 c
中盐 MS 82.3 ab 12.6 b 69.7 b 15.3 b 79.6 ab 13.9 b 65.7 b 17.4 b
高盐 HS 71.6 b 17.4 a 54.2 c 24.3 a 73.3 b 19.6 a 53.7 c 26.8 a

Table 6

Effects of salinity stress on size of anther of the main stem in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
花药长度
Length of anther
(mm)		 花药宽度
Width of anther
(mm)		 花药体积
Volume of anther (mm2)		 花药长度
Length of anther (mm)		 花药宽度
Width of anther (mm)		 花药体积
Volume of anther (mm2)
2019 对照 CK 1.82 a 0.46 a 0.13 a 1.91 a 0.48 a 0.15 a
中盐 MS 1.73 b 0.43 ab 0.11 ab 1.79 b 0.44 b 0.12 b
高盐 HS 1.62 c 0.41 b 0.09 b 1.65 c 0.42 b 0.10 b
2020 对照 CK 1.77 a 0.45 a 0.12 a 1.94 a 0.47 a 0.15 a
中盐 MS 1.69 b 0.43 ab 0.11 ab 1.81 b 0.43 b 0.11 b
高盐 HS 1.57 c 0.39 b 0.08 b 1.67 c 0.41 b 0.10 b

Fig. 1

Effects of salinity stress on dehiscence rate of anther on the main stem in rice Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within the treatments."

Fig. 2

Effects of salinity stress on pollen activity on the main stem in rice Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within the treatment."

Table 7

Effects of salinity stress on size of spikelets on the main stem in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
长度
Length (mm)		 宽度
Width (mm)		 长度
Length (mm)		 宽度
Width (mm)
2019 对照 CK 7.11 a 3.72 a 7.24 a 3.34 a
中盐 MS 6.93 b 3.61 b 7.03 b 3.15 b
高盐 HS 6.68 c 3.49 c 6.82 c 3.07 c
2020 对照 CK 7.07 a 3.71 a 7.21 a 3.32 a
中盐 MS 6.85 b 3.57 b 6.95 b 3.15 b
高盐 HS 6.58 c 3.49 c 6.69 c 3.03 c

Table 8

Correlation analysis of panicle traits under salinity stress in rice"

项目
Item		 实产
Actual yield		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Filled-grain percentage		 粒重
Grain weight
颖花
Spikelets		 长度 Length 0.89** 0.74** 0.88** 0.80**
宽度 Width 0.53 0.65* 0.51 0.61*
一次枝粳
Primary branches		 颖花分化数 DS 0.74** 0.88** 0.74* 0.82**
颖花退化数 RS -0.95** -0.86** -0.97** -0.92**
颖花现存数 SS 0.86** 0.95** 0.86** 0.92**
颖花退化率 PRS -0.98** -0.91** -0.98** -0.95**
二次枝粳
Secondary branches		 颖花分化数 DS 0.86** 0.92** 0.89** 0.92**
颖花退化数 RS -0.99** -0.94** -0.98** -0.98**
颖花现存数 SS 0.95** 0.97** 0.96** 0.98**
颖花退化率 PRS -0.98** -0.97** -0.98** -0.98**
花药长度 Length of anther 0.81** 0.68* 0.80** 0.73**
花药宽度 Width of anther 0.81** 0.72** 0.86** 0.80**
花药开裂率 Dehiscence rate of anther 0.97** 0.92** 0.97** 0.95**
花粉活力 Pollen activity 0.98** 0.94** 0.97** 0.97**
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doi: 10.1007/s11099-017-0763-7
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