高产高效型半冬性小麦品种的产量构成、氮素积累转运和籽粒品质特征分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11117

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical support for the synergic production of good quality, high yield, and high efficiency of semi-winter type wheat, the field experiment was conducted with 22 cultivars for three consecutive growth seasons in Suining, Jiangsu province, China. To investigate the differences in yield components, N uptake and utilization, and grain quality between the groups, according to grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), cultivars were divided into high-yield and -efficiency (HH), medium-yield and -efficiency (MM), and low-yield and -efficiency (LL) groups using systematic clustering. The results showed that grain yield and NUE of the HH group were significantly higher than MM and LL groups in the three wheat seasons. Compared with the other groups, HH group had a higher grain yield because of more grain numbers, namely, more spikes and grains per spike, and a greater NUE of HH group due to increasing N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE). The high NUpE of HH group was mainly depended on improving N uptake before anthesis, which could promote N translocation into grains and increase N accumulation in grains. The results also indicated that grain yield and grain number were synergistically increased with N accumulation per grain in a certain range. When grain yield was more than 9.5 t hm^-2 or the total grains were higher than 2.2×10⁸ hm^-2, N accumulation per grain was a decreasing trend. The grain protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value of the HH group were significantly higher than MM and LL groups. In conclusion, the semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency had the characteristics of high grain number, strong N uptake and translocation ability, and high grain N accumulation. Furthermore, grain protein quality could be improved by enhancing N accumulation per grain.

Key words: semi-winter wheat cultivar, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, grain quality

DING Yong-Gang, CHEN Li, DONG Jin-Xing, ZHU Min, LI Chun-Yan, ZHU Xin-Kai, DING Jin-Feng, GUO Wen-Shan. Characteristics of yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, and grain quality of semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(12): 3144-3154.

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取样日期 Sampling date (year-month-day)	速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)
2016-11-18	71.09	16.03	103.00	15.29
2017-11-01	66.07	44.31	69.65	15.17
2018-10-30	106.00	43.20	116.00	11.70

序号Number	品种 Cultivar name	审定时间 Released time	序号 Number	品种 Cultivar name	审定时间 Released time
1	保麦2号 Baomai 2	2012	12	新麦26 Xinmai 26	2010
2	保麦5号 Baomai 5	2014	13	徐麦33 Xumai 33	2013
3	淮麦32 Huaimai 32	2012	14	徐麦9158 Xumai 9158	2014
4	淮麦33 Huaimai 33	2014	15	烟农19 Yannong 19	2001
5	江麦919 Jiangmai 919	2013	16	烟农999 Yannong 999	2016
6	连麦7号 Lianmai 7	2014	17	安农0711 Annong 0711	2014
7	明麦1号 Mingmai 1	2009	18	鄂麦580 Emai 580	2012
8	瑞华麦520 Ruihuamai 520	2015	19	鄂麦596 Emai 596	2009
9	冠麦1号Guanmai 1	2016	20	郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023	2001
10	保麦6号 Baomai 6	2015	21	淮麦35 Huaimai 35	2013
11	中育1211 Zhongyu 1211	2017	22	济麦22 Jimai 22	2006

年份 Year	类型 Group	籽粒产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	变异范围 Range (t hm^-2)	氮肥利用效率 NUE (kg kg^-1)	变异范围 Range (kg kg^-1)	品种序号 Serial number of cultivars	个数 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
2017	高产高效 HH	8.9 ± 0.4 a	8.2-9.5	23.3 ± 1.1 a	21.9-25.2	2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 21	9	41
	中产中效 MM	8.2 ± 0.5 b	7.3-8.7	19.1 ± 1.7 b	16.1-21.1	3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22	10	45
	低产低效 LL	6.8 ± 0.4 c	6.5-7.2	13.0 ± 1.6 c	11.3-14.5	1, 17, 20	3	14
2018	高产高效 HH	7.4 ± 0.2 a	7.0-7.6	15.6 ± 1.0 a	14.0-16.9	2, 7, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22	7	32
	中产中效 MM	6.7 ± 0.2 b	6.9-6.4	12.7 ± 0.5 b	12.1-13.5	3, 4, 9, 11, 14, 15	6	27
	低产低效 LL	6.0 ± 0.3 c	5.2-6.3	10.2 ± 0.7 c	9.1-11.2	1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 19	9	41
2019	高产高效 HH	9.4 ± 0.4 a	8.6-9.8	19.2 ± 1.3 a	17.8-21.7	2, 4, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22	11	50
	中产中效 MM	8.9 ± 0.3 a	8.3-9.1	16.1 ± 0.4 b	15.6-16.7	3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 18	6	27
	低产低效 LL	8.0 ± 0.5 b	7.4-8.7	13.2 ± 1.5 c	11.8-14.4	1, 6, 8, 9, 12	5	23

年份 Year	类型 Group	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	总结实粒数 Grain number (×10⁸ hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
2017	高产高效 HH	513 ± 22 a	40.57 ± 0.78 a	2.08 ± 0.01 a	45.25 ± 0.78 a
	中产中效 MM	475 ± 23 b	39.22 ± 1.91 a	1.87 ± 0.13 b	45.08 ± 0.05 a
	低产低效 LL	419 ± 32 c	36.32 ± 2.81 b	1.51 ± 0.14 c	44.49 ± 0.04 a
2018	高产高效 HH	493 ± 16 a	38.19 ± 0.52 a	1.87 ± 0.67 a	41.07 ± 0.91 a
	中产中效 MM	462 ± 25 b	38.14 ± 1.29 a	1.76 ± 0.92 b	39.19 ± 1.86 a
	低产低效 LL	430 ± 22 c	36.43 ± 0.85 b	1.58 ± 0.80 c	39.13 ± 0.70 b
2019	高产高效 HH	592 ± 36 a	37.32 ± 0.80 a	2.20 ± 0.01 a	43.69 ± 1.05 a
	中产中效 MM	569 ± 27 ab	37.50 ± 0.98 a	2.14 ± 0.01 a	42.57 ± 1.33 a
	低产低效 LL	539 ± 10 b	35.10 ± 1.80 b	1.89 ± 0.11 b	43.28 ± 1.61 a

产量构成 Yield component	籽粒产量 Grain yield
产量构成 Yield component	2017	2018	2019
穗数 Spike number	0.87 ^**	0.86 ^**	0.78 ^**
穗粒数Grains per spike	0.68 ^**	0.53 ^**	0.60 ^**
总结实粒数 Total grains	0.86 ^**	0.91 ^**	0.86 ^**
千粒重1000-grain weight	0.23 ^ns	0.57 ^**	0.27 ^ns

Characteristics of yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, and grain quality of semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency

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