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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 3130-3143.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13079

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evaluation and identification index of heat tolerance in different summer maize varieties at V12 stage

ZHU Ya-Di1(), WANG Hui-Qin1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, REN Hao1, LYU Jian-Hua2, ZHAO Bin1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, REN Bai-Zhao1, YIN Fu-Wei3, LIU Peng1()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University / College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Shandong Seed Management Station, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    3Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-12-24 Accepted:2022-05-05 Online:2022-12-12 Published:2022-05-24
  • Contact: LIU Peng E-mail:zyd1678@163.com;liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071959);Shandong Province Key Research and Development Project(LJNY202103);Shandong Provincial Maize Industry Technology System Project(SDAIT-02-08)

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Abstract:

At present, the occurrence times of high temperature stress is moving forward, and the mean temperature of air and duration of high temperature stress are increasing, which makes summer maize vulnerable to high temperature stress at V12 stage. V12 stage is the critical period of young ear differentiation in summer maize, which is sensitive to temperature. High temperature stress during this stage lead to significant decrease in grain yield. Screening heat tolerant varieties and identification index of heat tolerance are the economical and efficient measures to alleviate heat damage. 35 maize hybrids varieties were used as material in this experiment. Artificial warming method of field planting was adopted, and high-temperature treatment in V12 stage was set, which lasted 7 days. According to multiple traits such as yield, ear and tassel morphology, 35 varieties were evaluated and classified for heat tolerance in V12 stage by using correlation analysis and multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis, fuzzy membership function method, cluster analysis, stepwise regression method and grey relation analysis, so as to determine the identification indexes of heat tolerance in V12 stage. The results showed that high temperature stress in V12 stage leads to tassel spikelet number, density, total pollen emission decreased, ear morphology changed, the number of silk and kernels per ear reduced, setting rate reduced, and the increase of grain weight couldn’t compensate for the negative effect caused by the decreased of kernels per ear, which lead to the decreased of grain yield. Heat tolerant varieties Denghai 111, Qiangsheng 339, Ludan 9088, Denghai 605, Derui 88, and Denghai 533 were screened out by cluster analysis. Based on stepwise regression analysis, correlation analysis and grey relation analysis, the grain yield, kernels per ear, setting rate, ear length, ear diameter, the spindle length of tassel with spikelet, and tassel branch length were determined as the identification indexes for heat tolerance of summer maize at V12 stage. Multivariable statistical analysis is an effective way to evaluate the heat tolerance of summer maize, the heat tolerant varieties and identification index which selected in this paper can provide the basis for breeding heat tolerant varieties in future.

Key words: summer maize, high temperature stress, heat tolerance, comprehensive evaluation, identification index

Table 1

Maize hybrid varieties used in this experiment"

序号
Number		 品种
Cultivar		 序号
Number		 品种
Cultivar		 序号
Number		 品种
Cultivar
1 C1210 13 登海682 Denghai 682 25 农华5号 Nonghua 5
2 C9256 14 登海710 Denghai 710 26 强盛339 Qiangsheng 339
3 MC121 15 迪卡517 Dika 517 27 天泰316 Tiantai 316
4 MC278 16 丰乐365 Fengle 365 28 天泰366 Tiantai 366
5 邦玉519 Bangyu 519 17 丰乐37 Fengle 37 29 天泰619 Tiantai 619
6 德瑞88 Derui 88 18 胶玉1号 Jiaoyu 1 30 万盛69 Wansheng 69
7 登海111 Denghai 111 19 金海2010 Jinhai 2010 31 鑫瑞57 Xinrui 57
8 登海1717 Denghai 1717 20 京农科736 Jingnongke 736 32 裕丰620 Yufeng 620
9 登海518 Denghai 518 21 来玉721 Laiyu 721 33 源丰008 Yuanfeng 008
10 登海533 Denghai 533 22 鲁单9088 Ludan 9088 34 郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432
11 登海605 Denghai 605 23 明天695 Mingtian 695 35 中天303 Zhongtian 303
12 登海653 Denghai 653 24 农华221 Nonghua 221

Fig. 1

Daily mean air temperature, average daily variation of air temperature, and the maximum and minimum air temperature in different treatments HT: high temperature; CK: normal temperature; HT-Tmax: the maximum air temperature of HT; HT-Tmin: the minimum air temperature of HT; CK-Tmax: the maximum air temperature of CK; CK-Tmin: the minimum air temperature of CK."

Fig. 2

Effect of high temperature stress on main traits of summer maize at V12 stage * and ** are significant different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. GYD: grain yield (g plant-1); KN: kernels per ear; TGW: 1000-kernel weight (g); SN: silk number; SR: setting rate (%); EL: ear length (cm); ED: ear diameter (mm); BTL: barren tip length (cm); SLTS: The spindle length of tassel with spikelet (cm); TBN: tassel branch number; TBL: tassel branch length (cm); TSSN: tassel spindle spikelet number; TBSN: tassel branch spikelet number; TSSD: tassel spindle spikelet density; TBSD: tassel branch spikelet density; TPE: tassel total pollen emission (g plant-1)."

Table 2

Relative value of each single index of different cultivars"

品种名称
Cultivar name		 GYD KN TGW SN SR EL ED BTL SLTS TBN TBL TSSD TBSD TPE
C1210 0.72 0.42 1.28 0.73 0.58 0.98 0.94 3.35 0.94 0.69 1.07 0.95 1.21 0.0371
C9256 0.95 0.53 1.29 0.81 0.65 1.03 0.95 1.49 0.87 0.77 0.89 0.80 0.95 0.0357
MC121 0.65 0.43 1.16 0.90 0.48 0.92 0.88 0 0.95 0.79 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.0355
MC278 0.80 0.54 1.35 0.90 0.59 0.98 0.98 1.20 0.97 0.90 1.11 0.86 0.99 0.0565
邦玉519 Bangyu 519 0.84 0.65 1.25 0.91 0.72 1.04 0.95 0.44 1.06 0.67 0.92 0.79 1.24 0.0382
德瑞88 Derui 88 1.01 0.59 1.39 1.03 0.56 1.13 1.01 4.21 1.02 1.13 0.94 1.07 0.97 0.0667
登海111 Denghai 111 0.76 0.62 1.19 0.91 0.68 1.12 0.93 1.40 1.09 0.78 1.26 0.71 0.69 0.0250
登海1717 Denghai 1717 0.66 0.39 1.40 0.79 0.49 0.86 0.94 0.84 0.98 0.89 1.06 1.03 0.91 0.0052
登海518 Denghai 518 0.56 0.38 1.35 0.82 0.47 0.72 0.89 1.38 1.02 0.86 0.97 0.88 1.01 0.0846
登海533 Denghai 533 0.99 0.60 1.33 0.88 0.68 1.26 1.01 0.27 0.94 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.90 0.0308
登海605 Denghai 605 0.72 0.49 1.28 0.73 0.64 1.10 0.97 0.77 1.04 0.93 1.13 0.84 0.86 0.0590
登海653 Denghai 653 0.84 0.46 1.49 0.83 0.56 0.98 0.98 0.40 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.87 0.81 0.0189
登海682 Denghai 682 0.88 0.48 1.38 0.90 0.53 1.07 0.98 0.14 0.95 0.71 0.93 1.02 0.91 0.0326
登海710 Denghai 710 0.66 0.47 1.48 0.74 0.62 1.15 0.98 0.44 1.04 1.05 0.97 0.99 0.92 0.0498
迪卡517 Dika 517 0.88 0.46 1.29 0.84 0.53 0.88 0.87 0.79 1.08 0.75 0.89 0.77 0.96 0.0894
丰乐365 Fengle 365 0.82 0.48 1.30 0.87 0.55 0.98 0.94 0.00 1.01 0.94 0.87 0.93 0.98 0.0460
丰乐37 Fengle 37 0.79 0.49 1.79 0.78 0.63 1.04 0.94 0.00 1.01 0.86 0.99 0.89 0.80 0.0393
胶玉1号 Jiaoyu 1 0.80 0.44 1.59 0.91 0.49 0.88 0.97 0.00 0.97 1.20 1.00 0.97 0.82 0.0061
金海2010 Jinhai 2010 0.62 0.41 1.24 0.91 0.44 1.09 0.98 1.02 0.93 0.84 0.98 0.84 0.94 0.1194
京农科736 Jingnongke 736 0.69 0.50 1.25 0.93 0.53 1.11 0.92 0.63 0.95 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.0108
来玉721 Laiyu 721 0.74 0.42 1.45 0.88 0.47 1.01 0.95 0.46 0.99 1.08 0.99 0.92 0.87 0.0321
鲁单9088 Ludan 9088 0.67 0.55 1.22 0.73 0.74 1.11 0.96 2.11 1.08 0.86 1.11 1.02 0.92 0.0571
明天695 Mingtian 695 0.55 0.32 1.27 0.88 0.37 0.96 0.92 5.50 1.03 0.91 1.04 0.71 0.79 0.1421
农华22 1 Nonghua 221 0.59 0.29 1.47 0.70 0.41 0.75 0.94 0.00 1.06 0.95 0.90 0.95 0.81 0.0214
农华5号 Nonghua 5 0.81 0.52 1.38 0.89 0.57 1.04 1.05 0.52 1.02 0.65 0.91 0.64 0.92 0.0126
强盛339 Qiangsheng 339 1.07 0.64 1.39 0.82 0.77 1.14 1.03 1.38 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.0448
天泰316 Tiantai 316 0.67 0.40 1.41 0.85 0.46 0.89 0.93 2.97 1.17 0.89 0.92 0.89 0.76 0.0077
天泰366 Tiantai 366 0.72 0.44 1.40 1.01 0.42 1.09 0.96 7.67 1.12 0.76 1.03 0.67 0.93 0.0505
天泰619 Tiantai 619 0.56 0.40 1.33 0.78 0.51 1.04 0.88 0.27 1.00 1.09 1.07 0.94 1.07 0.0308
万盛69 Wansheng 69 0.66 0.47 1.30 1.02 0.46 1.05 0.93 2.00 1.06 0.76 0.94 0.88 0.87 0.0229
鑫瑞57 Xinrui 57 0.66 0.35 1.49 0.91 0.38 1.10 0.96 0.80 1.07 0.98 1.00 0.90 0.84 0.0222
裕丰620 Yufeng 620 0.46 0.29 1.49 0.94 0.30 0.98 0.76 1.09 1.11 1.08 0.98 0.88 0.79 0.0288
源丰008 Yuanfeng 008 0.45 0.26 1.19 0.98 0.27 0.89 0.87 3.64 0.97 0.77 0.99 0.96 0.82 0.0348
郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432 0.46 0.30 1.30 0.93 0.31 0.94 0.87 2.68 0.99 0.83 1.09 0.88 0.99 0.0074
中天303 Zhongtian 303 0.84 0.54 1.17 0.98 0.55 1.02 0.95 2.37 1.00 0.68 1.05 1.00 0.79 0.0118
平均值 Mean 0.73 0.46 1.35 0.87 0.53 1.01 0.94 1.49 1.02 0.89 0.99 0.89 0.91 0.04
标准差 SD 0.15 0.10 0.13 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.05 1.68 0.06 0.15 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.03
变异系数 CV (%) 20.83 21.69 9.41 9.81 23.01 11.17 5.66 112.81 6.15 16.54 8.31 11.30 12.33 74.90

Table 3

Correlation analysis of relative value of each single index"

指标Index GYD KN TGW SN SR EL ED BTL SLTS TBN TBL TSSD TBSD TPE
GYD 1
KN 0.830** 1
TGW 0.086 -0.150 1
SN 0.030 0.038 -0.209 1
SR 0.741** 0.907** -0.054 -0.377* 1
EL 0.457** 0.609** -0.081 0.183 0.508** 1
ED 0.688** 0.617** 0.147 -0.086 0.594** 0.485** 1
BTL -0.164 -0.173 -0.233 0.387* -0.301 0.032 -0.062 1
SLTS -0.150 -0.042 0.176 0.033 -0.055 -0.051 -0.152 0.284 1
TBN -0.029 -0.107 0.428* -0.082 -0.075 0.094 -0.001 -0.205 0.058 1
TBL -0.230 0.046 -0.196 -0.101 0.103 0.135 -0.057 0.232 0.107 -0.061 1
TSSD 0.008 -0.070 0.100 -0.147 0.007 -0.046 -0.009 -0.251 -0.247 0.364* -0.067 1
TBSD 0.095 0.175 -0.238 -0.133 0.217 -0.002 0.054 -0.003 -0.299 -0.232 -0.147 0.037 1
TPE -0.051 -0.038 -0.212 -0.061 -0.011 0.014 0.009 0.308 0.006 -0.060 0.027 -0.259 0.146 1

Table 4

Eigenvector and contribution rate of principal components of all traits"

主成分Principle factor PI1 PI2 PI3 PI4 PI5 PI6
特征值Eigen value 3.71 2.21 1.65 1.29 1.15 1.02
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 26.53 15.76 11.75 9.24 8.23 7.28
累计贡献率CCR (%) 26.53 42.29 54.04 63.28 71.50 78.78
特征向量Eigenvector 籽粒产量GYD 0.458* -0.019 0.069 -0.183 -0.166 -0.032
穗粒数KN 0.485* 0.111 0.062 -0.002 0.054 -0.106
千粒重TGW -0.009 -0.439* 0.320 0.046 -0.358 0.052
花丝数量SN -0.069 0.282 0.244 -0.676* 0.141 -0.041
结实率SR 0.475* -0.007 -0.042 0.283 0.014 -0.077
穗长EL 0.341* 0.130 0.249 -0.114 0.270 0.210
穗粗ED 0.405* -0.013 0.119 -0.048 -0.116 0.140
秃尖长度BTL -0.140 0.459* 0.228 -0.078 0.007 0.271
雄穗主轴着生小穂长度SLTS -0.102 0.097 0.505* 0.282 -0.235 -0.185
雄穗分枝数量TBN -0.023 -0.415 0.283 -0.032 0.124 0.520*
雄穗分枝长度TBL -0.023 0.201 0.157 0.511 0.588* 0.003
雄穗主轴小穂密度TSSD 0.010 -0.395 -0.164 -0.139 0.447* 0.243
雄穗分枝小穂密度TBSD 0.111 0.123 -0.551* -0.020 -0.124 0.150
雄穗总散粉量TPE -0.023 0.304 -0.095 0.211 -0.321 0.674*

Table 5

Value of each cultivar’s comprehensive index (CI), index weight, U(Xj), D-value, and prediction (VP)"

品种名称Cultivar name CI1 CI2 CI3 CI4 CI5 CI6 U(X1) U(X2) U(X3) U(X4) U(X5) U(X6) D-value VP
C1210 0.295 0.876 -2.837 1.153 0.548 0.286 0.562 0.578 0.000 0.733 0.663 0.503 0.504 0.506
C9256 1.990 0.329 -1.822 -0.692 -0.767 -0.410 0.773 0.494 0.193 0.332 0.366 0.345 0.496 0.494
MC121 -1.024 0.099 -1.775 -0.609 0.935 -0.700 0.398 0.459 0.202 0.350 0.750 0.279 0.400 0.399
MC278 1.205 0.625 -0.434 0.507 0.480 0.422 0.676 0.539 0.456 0.592 0.648 0.534 0.588 0.591
邦玉519
Bangyu 519		 2.516 1.641 -1.778 -0.173 -1.269 -1.255 0.839 0.695 0.201 0.445 0.253 0.153 0.543 0.550
德瑞88
Derui 88		 2.177 0.227 1.253 -2.221 0.351 2.477 0.797 0.478 0.776 0.000 0.618 1.000 0.637 0.640
登海111 Denghai 111 1.245 2.327 2.169 1.953 2.043 -1.824 0.681 0.800 0.950 0.906 1.000 0.024 0.741 0.738
登海1717 Denghai 1717 -0.979 -1.599 -0.906 0.657 1.012 -0.557 0.403 0.198 0.366 0.625 0.768 0.311 0.410 0.413
登海518 Denghai 518 -2.198 0.058 -1.716 1.012 -1.350 0.465 0.251 0.452 0.213 0.702 0.235 0.543 0.361 0.368
登海533 Denghai 533 3.583 -0.432 -0.001 -1.130 0.589 0.362 0.972 0.377 0.538 0.237 0.672 0.520 0.628 0.626
登海605 Denghai 605 1.119 0.279 0.293 2.370 0.666 0.364 0.665 0.486 0.594 0.997 0.690 0.520 0.643 0.637
登海653 Denghai 653 0.702 -1.502 0.829 0.125 -0.44 -0.351 0.613 0.213 0.696 0.509 0.440 0.358 0.490 0.483
登海682 Denghai 682 1.295 -0.638 -0.990 -1.321 0.166 -0.375 0.687 0.346 0.350 0.195 0.577 0.353 0.468 0.478
登海710 Denghai 710 1.077 -1.698 0.314 1.018 -0.046 1.179 0.660 0.183 0.598 0.703 0.529 0.705 0.548 0.558
迪卡517
Dika 517		 -0.391 1.039 -0.871 0.387 -2.392 -0.408 0.477 0.603 0.373 0.566 0.000 0.345 0.433 0.424
丰乐365
Fengle 365		 0.592 -0.699 -1.028 -0.792 -0.795 0.123 0.599 0.336 0.343 0.310 0.360 0.466 0.436 0.427
丰乐37
Fengle 37		 0.890 -2.202 1.117 1.021 -1.212 -0.328 0.636 0.106 0.750 0.704 0.266 0.363 0.489 0.524
胶玉1号 Jiaoyu 1 -0.172 -2.893 0.981 -0.776 0.184 0.195 0.504 0.000 0.724 0.314 0.581 0.482 0.419 0.416
金海2010
Jinhai 2010		 -0.241 1.432 -1.161 -0.360 -0.308 1.965 0.495 0.663 0.318 0.404 0.470 0.884 0.523 0.526
京农科736 Jingnongke 736 0.422 -1.059 -0.171 -1.713 0.857 0.489 0.578 0.281 0.506 0.110 0.733 0.549 0.466 0.456
来玉721
Laiyu 721		 -0.285 -1.433 0.450 -0.418 0.186 0.539 0.490 0.224 0.624 0.392 0.581 0.560 0.460 0.456
鲁单9088 Ludan 9088 1.449 0.493 -0.050 2.384 1.416 0.524 0.706 0.519 0.529 1.000 0.859 0.557 0.675 0.677
明天695
Mingtian 695		 -2.732 2.870 0.857 0.970 -1.123 2.416 0.185 0.883 0.701 0.693 0.286 0.986 0.543 0.542
农华221 Nonghua 221 -2.359 -2.661 -0.352 1.020 -1.378 -0.667 0.231 0.036 0.472 0.704 0.229 0.286 0.286 0.286
农华5号 Nonghua 5 1.714 0.965 0.201 -0.564 -1.844 -1.929 0.739 0.591 0.576 0.360 0.124 0 0.507 0.507
强盛339 Qiangsheng 339 3.808 -0.408 1.655 0.614 -0.343 0.471 1.000 0.381 0.852 0.616 0.462 0.545 0.709 0.696
天泰316
Tiantai 316		 -1.646 -0.458 1.907 0.220 -0.970 -1.245 0.320 0.373 0.900 0.530 0.321 0.155 0.425 0.425
天泰366
Tiantai 366		 -0.974 3.631 2.433 -0.593 -1.057 0.185 0.404 1.000 1.000 0.354 0.301 0.480 0.601 0.608
天泰619
Tiantai 619		 -0.850 -1.029 -1.076 1.095 1.139 0.679 0.419 0.286 0.334 0.720 0.796 0.592 0.468 0.461
万盛69
Wansheng 69		 -0.575 0.993 0.644 -1.560 0.118 -0.948 0.454 0.596 0.661 0.144 0.566 0.223 0.466 0.475
鑫瑞57
Xinrui 57		 -1.046 -0.972 1.502 -0.493 0.115 0.073 0.395 0.294 0.823 0.375 0.565 0.454 0.458 0.455
裕丰620 Yufeng 620 -4.216 -1.098 1.585 -0.257 0.106 -0.222 0.000 0.275 0.839 0.426 0.563 0.387 0.323 0.327
源丰008
Yuanfeng 008		 -3.930 1.064 -0.663 -1.426 1.225 -0.121 0.036 0.607 0.413 0.173 0.816 0.410 0.338 0.337
郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432 -3.180 0.630 -0.744 -0.355 1.328 -0.577 0.129 0.540 0.397 0.405 0.839 0.307 0.373 0.374
中天303 Zhongtian 303 0.719 1.203 0.186 -1.056 1.829 -1.297 0.615 0.628 0.574 0.253 0.952 0.143 0.560 0.563
权重
Weight (%)		 33.67 20.01 14.91 11.73 10.44 9.23

Fig. 3

Dendrogram of clusters for heat tolerance at V12 stage in 35 summer maize cultivars"

Table 6

Correlation between relative value of single index and comprehensive evaluation D-value"

指标Index 相关系数Correlation coefficient P值P-value
籽粒产量Grain yield (g plant-1) 0.573 0
穗粒数Kernels per ear 0.784 0
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g) -0.215 0.215
花丝数量Silk number 0.011 0.952
结实率Setting rate (%) 0.731 0
穗长Ear length (cm) 0.751 0
穗粗Ear diameter (mm) 0.607 0
秃尖长度Barren tip length (cm) 0.215 0.215
主轴着生小穂长度The length of spindle with spikelet (cm) 0.118 0.498
雄穗分枝数量Tassel branch number -0.048 0.786
雄穗分枝长度Tassel branch length (cm) 0.457 0.006
雄穗主轴小穂密度Tassel spindle spikelet density (count cm-1) -0.184 0.290
雄穗分枝小穂密度Tassel branch spikelet density (count cm-1) -0.008 0.965
雄穗总散粉量Tassel total pollen emission (g plant-1) 0.231 0.183

Table 7

Grey relational degree between relative value of single index and comprehensive evaluation D-value"

指标Index 关联度Correlational degree 位次Rank
结实率Setting rate (%) 0.917 1
穗长Ear length (cm) 0.915 2
穗粗Ear diameter (mm) 0.905 3
穗粒数Kernels per ear 0.904 4
籽粒产量Grain yield (g plant-1) 0.899 5
雄穗分枝长度Tassel branch length (cm) 0.897 6
雄穗主轴着生小穂长度The length of spindle with spikelet (cm) 0.884 7
雄穗主轴小穂密度Tassel spindle spikelet density (count cm-1) 0.876 8
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g) 0.867 9
雄穗分枝小穂密度Tassel branch spikelet density (count cm-1) 0.852 10
花丝数量Silk number 0.837 11
雄穗分枝数量Tassel branch number 0.811 12
雄穗总散粉量Tassel total pollen emission (g plant-1) 0.770 13
秃尖长度Barren tip length (cm) 0.684 14
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[5] Wang Yongsheng;Wang Jing;Duan Jingya;Wang Jinfa;Liu Liangshi. Isolation and Genetic Research of a Dwarf Tiilering Mutant Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28(02): 235 -239 .
[6] WANG Li-Yan;ZHAO Ke-Fu. Some Physiological Response of Zea mays under Salt-stress[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31(02): 264 -268 .
[7] TIAN Meng-Liang;HUNAG Yu-Bi;TAN Gong-Xie;LIU Yong-Jian;RONG Ting-Zhao. Sequence Polymorphism of waxy Genes in Landraces of Waxy Maize from Southwest China[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(05): 729 -736 .
[8] HU Xi-Yuan;LI Jian-Ping;SONG Xi-Fang. Efficiency of Spatial Statistical Analysis in Superior Genotype Selection of Plant Breeding[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 412 -417 .
[9] WANG Yan;QIU Li-Ming;XIE Wen-Juan;HUANG Wei;YE Feng;ZHANG Fu-Chun;MA Ji. Cold Tolerance of Transgenic Tobacco Carrying Gene Encoding Insect Antifreeze Protein[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 397 -402 .
[10] ZHENG Xi;WU Jian-Guo;LOU Xiang-Yang;XU Hai-Ming;SHI Chun-Hai. Mapping and Analysis of QTLs on Maternal and Endosperm Genomes for Histidine and Arginine in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) across Environments[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 369 -375 .
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