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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1551-1561.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21032

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification and evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance and screening of salt-alkali tolerant germplasm of oat (Avena sativa L.)

ZHANG Jing1(), GAO Wen-Bo1, YAN Lin1, ZHANG Zong-Wen1,2, ZHOU Hai-Tao3, WU Bin1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Biodiversity International, Beijing 100081, China
    3Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-04-28 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-06-12 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: wubin03@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-A-1);Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326305D);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) in CAAS, and the Crop Germplasm Resources Protection(2020NWB036-06)

Abstract:

Affected by climate change and human production activities, the world’s salt-alkali land is expanding, and soil salinization has become an important factor limiting the development of agricultural production. Oat is a crop with the strong saline-alkali tolerance. To evaluate the salinity tolerance of oat germplasm resources in China, 485 accessions were stress treated with 125 mmol L-1 NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaHCO3 (1:1:1 molar concentration) solution at germination stage. Eight growth indexes, including germination potential, germination rate, root length, bud length, root fresh weight, bud fresh weight, root dry weight, and bud dry weight, were identified at the germination stage of oats. A comprehensive evaluation and screening of oat germplasm resources for salt-alkali tolerance was performed by the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that salt-alkali inhibited all eight indexes identified, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the affiliation function values of the indexes under salt-alkali tolerance and with the comprehensive evaluation value. Eight evaluation indexes were converted into two comprehensive indexes by principal component analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution of 76.926%. The membership function analysis combined with cluster analysis screened a total of two oat accessions with high salt-alkaline tolerance (Oat 1606 and Heikowski 596) and classified 485 accessions into five classes, including two highly saline-alkaline tolerance, 49 salt-alkaline-tolerant accessions, 147 medium saline-alkaline tolerance accessions, 129 sensitive saline-alkaline accessions, and 158 high saline-alkaline sensitive accessions. The results of correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis, and the bud length was screened as the preferred indicator for the screening of salt-alkali tolerance in germinating oats, followed by root fresh weight, bud fresh weight, germination potential, and germination rate, which were also important indexes for the comprehensive evaluation and screening of salt-alkali tolerance in germinating oats.

Key words: Avena sativa L., germplasm resources, germination stage, salt-alkali tolerance, comprehensive evaluation

Fig. 1

Changes in germination indexes of eight oat germplasm resources under different saline-alkali concentrations A: the trend of germination potential of Naked oat; B: the trend of germination potential of hulled oat; C: the trend of germination rate of naked oat; D: the trend of germination rate of hulled oat. Different letters of the same variety indicate significant difference between treatments at P < 0.05."

Fig. 2

Effects of salt-alkali stress on germination traits of oat CK: control treatment; T: 125 mmol L-1saline-alkali stress treatment; GP: germination potential; GR: germination rate; RL: root length; BL: bud length; RFW: root fresh weight; BFW: bud fresh weight; RDW: root dry weight; BDW: bud dry weight; *** indicates significant correlation at the 0.001 probability level."

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of each trait in 485 oat resources under control and saline-alkali tolerance conditions"

指标
Indicator
对照处理Control treatment 盐碱胁迫处理Saline-alkali stress treatment
最大值
Max.
最小值
Min.
均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV
最大值
Max.
最小值
Min.
均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV
GP (%) 96.000 2.667 47.073 28.367 60.260 82.000 0.667 23.615 16.928 71.683
GR (%) 98.000 3.333 49.376 29.648 60.046 87.333 0.667 26.245 18.234 69.475
RFW (g) 0.075 0.014 0.045 0.011 25.561 0.039 0.002 0.011 0.005 46.416
BFW (g) 0.151 0.024 0.069 0.014 20.184 0.055 0.002 0.021 0.009 40.769
RDW (g) 0.014 0.002 0.004 0.001 25.507 0.006 0 0.002 0.001 35.188
BDW (g) 0.029 0.003 0.007 0.002 24.505 0.007 0 0.003 0.001 36.322
RL (cm) 15.167 4.733 10.912 1.870 17.133 3.713 0.233 1.217 0.631 51.827
BL (cm) 19.733 6.130 12.655 1.630 12.882 7.587 0.467 3.043 1.397 45.922

Table 2

Principal component variance contribution rate of germination indexes of oat"

主成分
Principal
component
初始特征值Initial eigenvalue 提取载荷平方和Extract square sum load
特征值
Eigenvalue
方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate (%)
累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%) 特征值
Eigenvalue
方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate (%)
累积方差贡献率
Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
1 4.629 57.867 57.867 4.629 57.867 57.867
2 1.525 19.060 76.926 1.525 19.060 76.926
3 0.735 9.186 86.112
4 0.614 7.669 93.781
5 0.249 3.115 96.897
6 0.123 1.538 98.435
7 0.108 1.352 99.787
8 0.017 0.213 100.000

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis of membership function values and D-values of various traits in oat Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2; D-value: comprehensive evaluation value; ** indicates significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level."

Table 3

Principal component load matrix"

主成分
Principal component
GP GR RFW BFW RDW BDW RL BL
1 0.634 0.632 0.847 0.851 0.669 0.777 0.730 0.897
2 0.745 0.747 -0.111 -0.370 -0.187 -0.423 0.116 -0.187

Fig. 4

Cluster analysis of salt-alkali tolerance of 485 oat germplasm resources I: the highly salt-alkaline-tolerant accessions; II: the salt-alkaline-tolerant accessions; III: the medium salt-alkaline-tolerant accessions; IV: the salt-alkaline-sensitive accessions; V: the high salt-alkaline-sensitive accessions."

Table 4

Influence of different salt and alkali concentration on oat germination index (%)"

盐碱浓度
Saline-alkali concentrations
411 (海阔夫斯596号Heikowski 596) 413 (燕1606 Oat 1606)
GP GR GP GR
CK 51.33 a 52.00 a 52.67 a 54.67 a
125 mmol L-1 34.00 b 39.33 ab 22.00 b 30.67 ab
150 mmol L-1 24.67 bc 30.67 b 20.67 c 27.33 b
175 mmol L-1 18.67 cd 24.67 b 8.00 cd 12.67 b
200 mmol L-1 6.67 d 8.00 c 3.33 d 6.00 c

Table 5

Description statistics of D-value of oat in different areas"

地理来源
Geographical origin
最小值
Min.
最大值
Max.
均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV
中国华北地区 North China 0.041 0.484 0.139 c 0.059 0.424
中国东北地区 Northeast China 0.092 0.415 0.199 ab 0.076 0.382
中国西南地区 Southwest China 0.042 0.162 0.080 d 0.026 0.325
中国西北地区 Northwest China 0.051 0.578 0.173 bc 0.097 0.561
东欧地区 Eastern Europe 0.069 0.712 0.187 bc 0.129 0.690
西欧地区 Western Europe 0.061 0.565 0.229 ab 0.108 0.472
大洋洲地区 Oceanica 0.124 0.355 0.228 ab 0.071 0.311
东北亚地区 Northeast Asia 0.160 0.319 0.244 a 0.057 0.234
美洲地区 The Americas 0.069 0.858 0.183 bc 0.142 0.776
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