欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1708-1720.

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播栽期对机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖成穗的影响及与气象因子的关系

钟晓媛1,赵敏1,李俊杰2,陈多1,田青兰1,王丽1,黄光忠3,任万军1,*   

  1. 1四川农业大学 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江 611130;2成都市郫县气象局,四川郫县 611730;3成都市郫县农村发展局,四川郫县 611730
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-31 修回日期:2016-06-20 出版日期:2016-11-12 网络出版日期:2016-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 任万军,E-mail: rwjun@126.com, Tel: 028-86290972
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2013BAD07B13-02, 2011BAD16B05)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)资助。

Effect of Different Seeding and Transplanting Dates on Tillering Characteristics of Super Indica Hybrid Rice with Mechanized Seeding and Planting and Its Relationships with Meteorological Factors

ZHONG Xiao-Yuan1,ZHAO Min1,LI Jun-Jie 2,CHEN Duo1,TIAN Qing-Lan1,Wang Li1,HUANG Guang-Zhong3,REN Wan-Jun1,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Wenjiang 611130, China; 2 Pixian Meteorological Bureau, Pixian 611730, China; 3Pixian Bureau of Rural Development, Pixian 611730, China
  • Received:2015-12-31 Revised:2016-06-20 Published:2016-11-12 Published online:2016-07-28
  • Contact: Ren Wanjun,E-mail: rwjun@126.com, Tel: 028-86290972
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Grain Bumper Science and Technology Project (2013BAD07B13-02) and China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102).

摘要:

为探讨不同播栽期对机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖成穗的影响,以F优498和宜香优2115两个超级杂交籼稻品种为材料, 设置3月21日(S1)、3月31日(S2)、4月10日(S3)、4月20日(S4)和4月30日(S5) 5个播期,秧龄均为30 d,移栽期依次为4月21日、5月1日、5月11日、5月21日和5月31日,研究其分蘖发生成穗特点及与气象因子的关系。结果表明,不同播栽期水稻产量差异显著,随着播栽期推迟,产量呈降低趋势,早播S1的产量最高、迟播S5的产量最低。不同播栽期处理下水稻主茎对产量的贡献表现为(S1~S4) < S5,一、二次分蘖总和对产量的贡献表现为(S1~S4) > S5,S1优势蘖位为第3~第6叶,而S2~S5优势蘖位为第3~第5叶。随播栽期推迟,分蘖发生和成穗叶位趋于集中,F优498一次分蘖发生在S1~S4以3/0~7/0为主,而在S5以3/0~6/0为主;宜香优2115 在S1以3/0~7/0为主,在S2~S5以3/0~6/0为主。一次分蘖成穗率在S1以3/0~6/0为主,而在S2~S5以3/0~5/0为主;二次分蘖发生和成穗以第3~第4叶为主。气象因子对分蘖发生和成穗的影响为一、二次分蘖发生率与日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,而与平均气温日较差、积温、日照时数呈显著或极显著正相关;一次分蘖成穗率与分蘖期日平均相对湿度、平均气温呈显著负相关,与分蘖期平均气温日较差、积温、日照时数呈显著正相关,与幼穗分化期日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,与抽穗开花期日照时数呈显著正相关。综合看来,成都平原地区机插超级杂交籼稻在4月11日前播种5月11日前移栽有利于产量的提高,在4月21日前播种5月21日前移栽有利于稳产,在4月21日以后播种5月21日后移栽产量显著降低。

关键词: 水稻, 机插, 分蘖成穗, 优势蘖位, 气象因子, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore tillering characteristics and its relationships with meteorological factors in super indica hybrid rice with mechanized seeding and planting with different seeding and transplanting dates, a split plot field experiment was conducted using super indica hybrid rice F you 498 and Yixiangyou 2115 with seedling age of 30 d and treatments of five seeding dates including March 21 (S1), March 31 (S2), April 10 (S3), April 20 (S4), April 30 (S5), and five transplanting dates including April 21, May 1, May 11, May 21, and May 31. Rice yield was significantly different under different seeding and transplanting dates, and decreased with delaying sowing dates. Yield of rice seeded on March 21 was the highest ,while that on April 30 was the lowest. The main stem contribution to yield was (S1–S4) < S5. The total contribution of primary tillers and secondary tillers group to yield was (S1–S4) > S5. Leaf 3 to leaf 6 with seeding date on S1, and leaves 3 to 5 from S2 to S5 were the superior leaf positions. Leaf positions of tiller emerging and earbearing tended to centralize with delaying sowing and transplanting dates. Primary tillers of F you 498 emerged mainly from 3/0 to 7/0 when seeding from S1 to S4, while emerged mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding on S5. Primary tillers of Yixiangyou 2115 emerged mainly from 3/0 to 7/0 when seeding on S1, while emerged mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding from S2 to S5. Primary tillers earbeared mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding on S1, while that was mainly from 3/0 to 5/0 when seeding from S2 to S5. Secondary tillers emerged and earbeared mainly from leaf 3 to leaf 4 on main stem. Primary and secondary tillers emerging rate was significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity, while significantly positively correlated with average diurnal temperature range, accumulated temperature and average sunshine hours at tillering stage. The primary tiller earbearing rate was significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity and average temperature at tillering stage, while significantly positively correlated with average diurnal temperature range at tillering stage, while significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity at inflorescence differentiation stage, while significantly positively correlated with average sunshine hours. In comprehensive view, planting before May 11 will be more beneficial to higher yield, planting before May 21 will be in favour of stable yield, while planting after May 21 will decrease yield of rice in Chengdu plain.

Key words: Rice, Mechanized planting, Tillering with earbearing, Superior leaf position, Meteorological factor, Yield

[1] 许轲, 唐磊, 张洪程, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 韦还和. 不同机械直播方式对水稻分蘖特性及产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(13): 43–52 Xu K, Tang L, Zhang H C, Guo B W, Huo Z Y, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Wei H H. Effect of different mechanical direct seeding methods on tiller characteristics and yield of rice. Trans CSAE, 2014, 30(13): 43–52 (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] 柴楠, 高向达, 任淑娟. 育秧床温调控剂及分蘖促进剂在水稻上的应用研究. 北方水稻, 2012, 42(3): 31–35 Cai N, Gao X D, Ren S J. Applied research on regulatory medicament of seedbed and tillering promoters on rice. North Rice, 2012, 42(3): 31–35 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 王建林, 徐正进. 插秧质量与株行距配置对水稻分蘖及穗重的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2003, 34: 401–405 Wang J L, Xu Z J. Effect of seedling quantity and row spacing on the tillers and panicle weight of rice. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2003, 34: 401–405 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 俞爱英, 林贤青, 曾孝元, 吴增琪, 朱贵平. 不同灌溉方式对水稻分蘖成穗规律及产量影响研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(1): 66–68 Yu A Y, Lin X Q, Zeng X Y, Wu Z Q, Zhu G P. Studies of different water managements on tillers and panicles and mechanism of high-yield of rice. J Irrig Drainage, 2007, 26(1): 66–68 (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 余珺, 陶光灿, 郭兴强, 尹士采, 谢光辉. 黄淮平原麦茬直播稻分蘖发生规则及其与产量构成的关系. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 678–686 Yu J, Tao G C, Guo X Q, Yin S C, Xie G H. Tillering pattern and its effects on yield of rice directly sown after winter wheat in the Huang-Huai Plain. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 678–686 (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 雷小龙, 刘利, 刘波, 黄光忠, 马荣朝, 任万军. 杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1044–1055 Lei X L, Liu L, Liu B, Huang G Z, Ma R C, Ren W J. Tillering characteristics of indica hybrid rice under mechanized planting. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1044–1055 (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 吴桂成, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 稻麦两熟地区不同栽培方式超级稻分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 309–320 Li J, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Chang Y, Wu G C, Guo Z H, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Tillering characteristics and its relationships with population productivity of super rice under different cultivation methods in rice-wheat cropping areas. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 309–320 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 宋云生, 张洪程, 戴其根, 杨大柳, 郭保卫, 朱聪聪, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 胡加敏, 吴爱国, 蒋晓鸿. 水稻机栽钵苗单穴苗数对分蘖成穗及产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(10): 37–47 Song Y S, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Yang D L, Guo B W, Zhu C C, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Hu J M, Wu A G, Jiang X O. Effect of rice potted-seedlings per hole by mechanical transplanting on tillers emergence, panicles formation and yield. Trans CSAE, 2014, 30(10): 37–47 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 刘杨, 顾丹丹, 许俊旭, 丁艳峰, 王强盛, 李刚华, 刘正辉, 王绍华. 细胞分蘖素对水稻分蘖芽生长及其分蘖相关基因表达的调控. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 44–51 Liu Y, Gu D D, Xu J X, Ding Y F, Wang Q S, Li G H, Liu Z H, Wang S H. Effect of cytokinins on the growth of rice tiller buds and the expression of the genes regulating rice tillering. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 44–51 (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] 刘杨, 丁艳峰, 王强盛, 李刚华, 许俊旭, 刘正辉, 王绍华. 植物生长调节剂对水稻分蘖芽生长和内源激素变化的调控效应. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 670–676 Liu Y, Ding Y F, Wang Q S, Li G H, Xu J X, Liu Z H, Wang S H. Effect of plant growth regulators on the growth of rice tiller bud and the changes of endogenous hormones. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 670–676 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 蒋彭炎, 洪晓富, 冯来定, 马跃芳, 史济林, 倪竹如, 刘智宏. 水稻中期群体成穗率与后期群体光合效率的关系. 中国农业科学, 1994, 27(6): 8–14 Jiang P Y, Hong X F, Feng L D, Ma Y F, Shi J L, Ni Z R, Liu Z H. Relation between percentage of ear-bearing of colony in the middle phase and photosynthesis efficiency in the late in rice. Sci Agric Sin, 1994, 27(6): 8–14 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 凌启鸿, 张洪程, 苏祖芳, 凌励. 水稻叶龄模式. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994. pp 84–85 Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Su Z F, Ling L. Leaf Age Model of Rice. Beijing: Science Press, 1994. pp 84–85 (in Chinese) [13] 凌启鸿. 水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007. pp 76–87 Ling Q H. Theory and technology of rice precise and quantitative cultivation. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007. pp 76–87 (in Chinese) [14] 凌启鸿, 苏祖芳, 张海泉. 水稻成穗率与群体质量的关系及其影响因素的研究. 作物学报, 1995, 21: 463–469 Ling Q H, Su Z F, Zhang H Q. Relationship between earbearing tiller percentage and population quality and its influential factors in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 1995, 21: 463–469 (in Chinese with English abstract) [15] 袁奇, 于林惠, 石世杰, 邵建国, 丁艳锋. 机插秧每穴栽插苗数对水稻分蘖与成穗的影响. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(10): 121–125 Yuan Q, Yu L H, Shi S J, Shao J G, Ding Y F. Effects of different tiller production planting seedlings per hillon outgrowth and quantities of for machine-transplanted rice. Trans CSAE, 2007, 23(10): 121–125 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 凌励. 机插水稻分蘖发生特点及配套高产栽培技术改进的研究. 江苏农业科学, 2005, (3): 14–19 Ling L. Occurrence of tiller of machine-tranplanted rice and development of its cultural technology for high yield. J Jiangsu Agric Sci, 2005, (3): 14–19 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] 韦还和, 李超, 张洪程, 孙玉海, 孟天瑶, 杨筠文, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 水稻甬优12超高产群体分蘖特性及其群体生产力的关系. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1819–1829 Wei H H, Li C, Zhang H C, Sun Y H, Meng T Y, Yang J W, Ma R R, Wang X Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Tillering characteristics and its relation with population productivity of super-high yield rice population of Yongyou 12. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1819–1829 (in Chinese with English abstract) [18] 朱德峰, 陈惠哲, 徐一成. 我国水稻种植机械化的发展前景与对策. 北方水稻, 2007, (5): 13–18 Zhu D F, Chen H Z, Xu Y C. Counterm easure and perspective of mechanization of rice planting in China . North Rice, 2007, (5): 13–18 (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 陈文宽, 李兰图, 孙沁谷, 刘松. 成都平原农地资源劳动力承载力研究. 农业经济问题, 2011, (3): 27–30 Chen W K, Li L T, Sun Q G, Liu S. Study on capacity of farmland resource and labor of Chengdu plain. Issues Agric Economic, 2011, (3): 27–30 ( in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 杨凡, 齐振宏, 王景旭, 周未. 西南4省(区)水稻投入产出模型分析. 中国农业大学学报, 2011, 16(4): 164–168 Yang F, Qi Z H, Wang J X, Zhou M. Rice input-output model analysis in four provinces of Southwest China. J China Agric Univ, 2011, 16(4): 164–168 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] 袁钊和, 陈巧敏, 杨新春. 论我国水稻抛秧、插秧、直播机械化技术的发展. 农业机械学报, 1998, 29(3): 181–183 Yuan Z H, Chen Q M, Yang X C. Development of mechanized cast-transplanting, transplanting and seeding in China. Trans CSAM, 1998, 29(3): 181–183 ( in Chinese with English abstract) [22] 顾建清, 徐嘉梁, 戴晶, 朱阿多, 袁继栋. 不同水稻机械化种植方案技术经济分析. 中国农机化, 2012, (5): 37–40 Gu J Q, Xu J L, Dai J, Zhu A D, Yuan J D. Technical and economic analysis of different mechanized rice planting schemes. Chin Agric Mech, 2012, (5): 37–40 (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] 曾研华, 张玉屏, 王亚梁, 向镜, 陈惠哲, 朱德峰. 籼粳杂交稻枝梗和颖花形成的播期效应. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48: 1300–1310 Zeng Y H, Zhang Y P, Wang Y L, Xiang J, Chen H Z, Zhu D F. Effects of sowing date on formation of branches and spikelets in indica-japonica hybrid rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2015, 48: 1300–1310 (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] 凌启鸿. 作物群体质量. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000. pp 107–144 Ling Q H. Crop Population Quality. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2000. pp 107–144 (in Chinese) [25] Samonte S O P B, Wilson L T, Tabien R E. Maximum node production rate and main culm node number contributions to yield and yield-related traits in rice. Field Crops Res, 2006, 96: 313–319 [26] Li X Y, Qian Q, Fu Z M, Wang Y H, Xiong G S, Zeng D L, Wang X Q, Liu X F, Teng S, Hiroshi F, Ming W, Luo D, Han B, Li J Y. Control of tillering in rice. Nature, 2003, 422: 618–621 [27] Pasuquin E, Lafarge T, Tubana B. Transplangting young seedings in irrigated rice fields: Early and high tiller production enhanced grain yield. Field Crops Res, 2008, 105: 141–155 [28] 郑永美, 丁艳锋, 王强盛, 李刚华, 王慧芝, 王绍华. 起身肥对水稻分蘖和氮素吸收利用的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 513–519 Zheng Y M, Ding Y F, Wang Q S, Li G H, Wang H Z, Wang S H. Effect of nitrogen applied before transplanting on tillering and nitrogen utilization in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 513–519 (in Chinese with English abstract) [29] 赵海燕, 姚凤梅, 张勇, 徐宾, 袁静, 胡亚南, 许吟隆. 长江中下游水稻开花灌浆期气象要素与结实率和粒重的相关性分析. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39: 1765–1771 Zhao H Y, Yao F M, Zhang Y, Xu B, Yuan J, Hu Y N, Xu Y L. Correlation analysis of rice seed setting rate and weight of 1000-grain and agro-meteorology over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39: 1765–1771 (in Chinese with English abstract) [30] 钟楚, 朱颖墨, 朱勇, 朱斌, 张茂松, 徐梦莹. 云南不同类型一季稻产量形成及其与气象因子的关系. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24: 2831–2842 Zhong C, Zhu Y M, Zhu Y, Zhu B, Zhang M S, Xu M L. Yield formation of different single-season rice (Oryza sativa L.) types and its relationships with meteorological factors in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2013, 24: 2831–2842 (in Chinese with English abstract) [31] 蔡昆争, 骆世明. 不同生育期遮光对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响. 应用生态学报, 1999, 10: 193–196 Cai K Z, Luo S M. Effect of shading on growth, development and yield formation of rice. Chin J Appl Ecol, 1999, 10: 196–196 (in Chinese with English abstract) [32] 郭振华, 荆爱霞, 李华, 王永芳, 於永杰, 钱宗华, 李杰, 钱银飞, 霍中洋, 张洪程. 南方粳型超级稻不同方式超高产栽培的分蘖特性及其与产量形成的关系. 中国稻米, 2012, 18(1): 45–49 Guo Z H, Jing A X, Li H, Wang Y F, Yu Y J, Qian Z H, Li J, Qian Y F, Huo Z Y, Zhang H C. Tillering characteristics and its relationship with yield formation of different ways of super-high-yield cultivation of southern japonica super rice. China Rice, 2012, 18(1): 45–49 (in Chinese with English abstract) [33] 周汉良, 鲁学林, 郑秋玲. 水稻中位蘖位的分蘖规律与生产力研究. 华北农学报, 2000, 15(2): 112–117 Zhou H L, Lu X L, Zheng Q L. Studies on tiller regularity of middle tillering part and productive forces of rice. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2000, 15(2): 112–117 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1] 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2] 高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858.
[3] 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[4] 胡赵, 钱润, 谢丰璞, 应素平. 水稻SPX基因家族鉴定及响应磷处理的表达分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1902-1912.
[5] 邹仪妹, 徐敏, 汪海洋, 姚辉, 王加峰, 刘浩, 任代胜. 两系不育系水稻幼苗根系响应盐胁迫的转录因子调控网络鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1728-1742.
[6] 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[7] 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[8] 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[9] 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[10] 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[11] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[12] 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[13] 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[14] 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[15] 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!