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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 70-80.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82036

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析

许阳东,朱宽宇,章星传,王志琴,杨建昌()   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-08 接受日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2018-11-08 网络出版日期:2018-11-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863计划)(2014AA10A600);国家自然科学基金项目(31461143015);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目资助(2015-01)

Analysis in agronomic and physiological traits of green super rice

Yang-Dong XU,Kuan-Yu ZHU,Xing-Chuan ZHANG,Zhi-Qin WANG,Jian-Chang YANG()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-07-08 Accepted:2018-10-08 Published:2018-11-08 Published online:2018-11-08
  • Contact: Jian-Chang YANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2014AA10A600);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31461143015);the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD);the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University(2015-01)

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摘要：

探明绿色超级稻的农艺与生理性状, 对于培育和选用绿色超级稻品种有重要意义。本研究以4个绿色超级稻品种为材料, 1个超级稻品种和1个非超级稻品种为对照, 观察了绿色超级稻的农艺与生理表现。结果表明, 与对照品种相比, 绿色超级稻品种具有较高的产量和氮素利用效率。绿色超级稻品种较高的产量得益于总颖花数和结实率的同步提高, 较高的氮素利用率主要在于较高的植株氮素籽粒生产效率(氮素内部利用效率)。绿色超级稻具有较高的茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比, 抽穗期较高的糖花比, 灌浆期较高的作物生长速率、净同化率、根系氧化力和茎中同化物向籽粒的运转率和成熟期较高的收获指数。这些性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率均呈极显著的正相关。建议将上述性状作为培育和选用绿色超级稻品种的参考指标。

关键词: 绿色超级稻, 产量, 植株氮素籽粒生产效率, 群体质量, 生理性状

Abstract:

Understanding agronomic and physiological characteristics of green super rice (GSR) is essential to make strategies for breeding GSR varieties and crop management. This study aimed to identify major agronomic and physiological traits associated with high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice. Four GSR varieties and two control varieties (one super rice variety and one non-super rice inbred) were grown in the paddy field. The results showed that the GSR varieties produced higher grain yield and higher NUE than control varieties. Synchronous increases in both total spikelet number and filled-grain percentage contributed to higher grain yield, and an increase in grain yield production per unit absorbed N (internal NUE) resulted in higher NUE for GSR. Compared with control varieties, GSR varieties exhibited greater percentage of productive tillers and the ratio of spikelet number to leaf area, higher ratio of sugar amount to spikelet number at the heading time, higher crop growth rate, net assimilate rate, and root oxidation activity and more remobilization of assimilates from stems and sheaths to grains during the grain filling period, and higher harvest index at maturity. These traits were positively and very significantly correlated with both grain yield and internal NUE, and could be used as indexes for breeding and selecting GSR varieties.

Key words: green super rice (GSR), grain yield, internal nitrogen use efficiency, population quality, physiological trait

表1

绿色超级稻品种的产量及其构成因素"

年/品种
Year/variety		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 穗数
Panicle number (m2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 总颖花数
Total spikelets
(×103 m-2)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 8.75 b 263 b 141 a 37.1 cd 85.8 c 28.5 bc
武运粳24 WYJ-24 9.81 a 288 a 139 a 40.0 b 88.4 b 27.4 f
连粳7号 LJ-7 9.43 b 310 a 124 b 38.4 c 90.9 a 27.6 ef
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 8.68 b 299 a 122 b 36.5 d 85.4 c 28.0 de
淮稻13 HD-13 9.78 a 266 b 142 a 37.8 c 88.4 b 29.2 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 9.86 a 288 a 146 a 42.0 a 87.6 b 27.9 de
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 9.05 b 261 b 143 a 37.3 cd 84.8 c 28.7 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 9.61 a 292 a 137 a 40.0 b 88.8 b 27.6 ef
连粳7号 LJ-7 9.69 a 314 a 122 b 38.3 c 91.3 a 27.4 f
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 8.62 b 297 a 124 b 36.8 d 84.4 c 28.2 cd
淮稻13 HD-13 9.88 a 268 b 144 a 38.6 c 88.0 b 29.4 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 9.94 a 292 a 142 a 41.5 a 87.4 b 27.7 ef
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 15.7** 11.8** 8.65** 20.7** 10.2** 3.67*
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS

表2

绿色超级稻品种的氮素吸收量和氮利用率"

年/品种
Year/variety		 总吸氮量
Total N uptake
(kg hm-2)		 植株氮素籽粒生产效率
Internal N use efficiency
(kg kg-1 N)		 每百kg籽粒的需氮量
N uptake per 100 kg grain
[kg (100 kg)-1 grain]		 氮肥偏生产力
Patial factory
productivity
(kg kg-1)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 190 a 46.1 b 2.17 a 43.8 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 191 a 50.6 a 1.98 b 49.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 188 a 50.2 a 1.99 b 47.2 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 192 a 45.2 b 2.21 a 43.4 b
淮稻13 HD-13 191 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 48.9 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 194 a 51.4 a 1.95 b 49.3 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 194 a 46.6 b 2.14 a 45.3 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 195 a 50.1 a 2.00 b 48.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 192 a 50.5 a 1.98 b 48.5 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 190 a 45.4 b 2.20 a 43.1 b
淮稻13 HD-13 193 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 49.4 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 192 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 49.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) NS 8.48** 8.04** 15.27**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS

表3

绿色超级稻品种茎蘖成穗率(PPST)、叶面积指数(LAI)和粒叶比"

年/品种
Year/variety		 茎蘖成穗率
PPST
(%)		 抽穗期LAI
LAI at heading
(m2 m-2)		 颖花/叶面积
Spikelet/LA
(spikelets cm-2)		 实粒/叶面积
Filled grain/LA
(grains cm-2)		 总粒重/叶面积
Total grain Wt/LA
(mg cm-2)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 71.3 b 7.15 a 0.519 cd 0.445 b 12.2 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 79.2 a 7.32 a 0.546 ab 0.487 a 13.4 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 76.8 a 6.95 a 0.553 ab 0.501 a 13.6 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 72.3 b 7.03 a 0.519 cd 0.443 b 12.3 b
淮稻13 HD-13 78.5 a 6.86 a 0.551 ab 0.484 a 14.3 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 80.9 a 7.38 a 0.569 a 0.501 a 13.4 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 73.7 b 7.27 a 0.513 d 0.435 b 12.4 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 78.2 a 7.24 a 0.552 ab 0.487 a 13.3 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 78.4 a 7.09 a 0.540 bc 0.495 a 13.7 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 71.3 b 7.29 a 0.505 d 0.426 b 11.8 b
淮稻13 HD-13 79.7 a 7.04 a 0.548 ab 0.491 a 14.0 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 79.5 a 7.24 a 0.573 a 0.499 a 13.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 6.85** NS 5.76** 11.5** 7.63**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS

表4

绿色超级稻品种的地上部分干重和作物生长速率(CGR)"

年/品种
Year/variety		 干物质重 Biomass (t hm-2) 作物生长速率 CGR (g m-2 d-1)
分蘖期
Tillering (T)		 拔节期
Jointing (J)		 抽穗期
Heading (H)		 成熟期
Maturity (M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 0.64 e 3.51 a 9.72 a 15.4 cd 13.1 c 17.8 a 12.1 d
武运粳24 WYJ-24 0.72 ab 3.67 a 9.95 a 16.5 ab 13.6 ab 18.0 a 13.1 b
连粳7号 LJ-7 0.68 cd 3.55 a 9.68 a 15.9 bc 13.3 bc 17.6 a 13.1 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 0.63 e 3.45 a 9.49 a 14.8 d 12.6 d 17.5 a 11.6 e
淮稻13 HD-13 0.74 a 3.68 a 9.95 a 16.5 ab 13.6 ab 17.9 a 13.7 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 0.73 ab 3.67 a 9.89 a 16.9 a 13.5 abc 17.8 a 14.0 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 0.68 cd 3.57 a 9.84 a 16.0 bc 13.1 c 17.9 a 12.6 bc
武运粳24 WYJ-24 0.70 bc 3.73 a 10.0 a 16.3 ab 13.8 a 18.0 a 12.8 b
连粳7号 LJ-7 0.66 de 3.63 a 9.84 a 16.5 ab 13.5 abc 17.7 a 13.6 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 0.65 de 3.37 a 9.59 a 15.6 c 12.4 d 17.8 a 12.3 cd
淮稻13 HD-13 0.70 bc 3.76 a 9.99 a 16.9 a 13.9 a 17.8 a 14.1 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 0.75 a 3.73 a 9.99 a 16.7 a 13.5 abc 17.9 a 13.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 4.89** NS NS 3.52* 3.46* NS 14.5**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

表5

绿色超级稻品种绿叶面积持续期和净同化速率"

年/品种
Year/variety		 绿叶面积持续期 GLAD (m2 m-2 d-1) 净同化速率 NAR (g m-2 d-1)
分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 57.2 a 204 a 222 a 5.03 b 3.05 a 2.67 de
武运粳24 WYJ-24 55.8 a 205 a 228 a 5.36 a 3.07 a 2.81 c
连粳7号 LJ-7 55.8 a 198 a 219 a 5.24 a 3.11 a 2.94 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 55.8 a 200 a 221 a 4.97 b 3.06 a 2.56 f
淮稻13 HD-13 55.3 a 197 a 217 a 5.42 a 3.18 a 3.11 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 54.6 a 204 a 231 a 5.43 a 3.06 a 2.98 b
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 58.5 a 208 a 226 a 4.94 b 3.01 a 2.73 cde
武运粳24 WYJ-24 54.9 a 202 a 227 a 5.52 a 3.12 a 2.76 cd
连粳7号 LJ-7 55.1 a 200 a 222 a 5.39 a 3.10 a 3.00 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 57.5 a 207 a 227 a 4.73 b 3.00 a 2.65 ef
淮稻13 HD-13 56.4 a 201 a 221 a 5.42 a 3.10 a 3.13 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 56.1 a 204 a 226 a 5.31 a 3.07 a 2.97 b
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) NS NS NS 5.35** NS 6.64**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS

表6

绿色超级稻茎中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)转运率、糖花比和收获指数"

年/品种
Year/variety		 茎与鞘中NSC
NSC in stems and sheaths (g m-2)		 NSC转运率
NSC remobilization
(%)		 抽穗期糖花比
NSC per spikelet
at heading
(mg spikelet-1)		 收获指数
Harvest
index
(×100)
抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 194 de 138 cd 28.9 b 5.23 b 48.9 cd
武运粳24 WYJ-24 230 bc 143 ab 37.8 a 5.75 a 51.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 229 bc 136 cd 40.6 a 5.96 a 51.0 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 190 e 133 de 30.0 b 5.21 b 49.4 c
淮稻13 HD-13 225 c 131 e 41.8 a 5.95 a 50.6 ab
武运粳30 WYJ-30 245 a 140 bc 42.9 a 5.83 a 50.2 b
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 198 d 140 bc 29.3 b 5.31 b 48.6 d
武运粳24 WYJ-24 234 b 145 a 38.0 a 5.85 a 50.7 ab
连粳7号 LJ-7 233 b 140 bc 39.9 a 6.08 a 50.5 ab
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 188 e 129 e 31.4 b 5.11 b 48.5 d
淮稻13 HD-13 223 c 129 e 42.2 a 5.78 a 50.8 ab
武运粳30 WYJ-30 241 a 138 cd 42.7 a 5.81 a 51.2 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 11.5** 5.21** 10.4** 11.2** 12.6**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS

图1

绿色超级稻抽穗期根干重(A, B)和根冠比(C, D)及灌浆期根系氧化力(E, F) 不同字母者表示在P = 0.05水平上差异显著, NS表示在P = 0.05水平上差异不显著, 同一测定时期、不同品种间比较。YJ-4: 扬粳4038; WYJ-24: 武运粳24; LJ-7: 连粳7号; NJ-1: 宁粳1号; HD-13: 淮稻13; WYJ-30: 武运粳30; EGF: 灌浆早期; MGF: 灌浆中期; LGF: 灌浆后期。"

图2

水稻灌浆期根系氧化力(ROA)与灌浆期作物生长速率(A)、灌浆期净同化率(B)和结实率(C)的关系 图中数据来自表1、表4、表5和图1; **表示在P = 0.01水平上显著(n = 12)"

表7

水稻部分农艺生理性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率(IEN)的相关系数(r)"

性状
Trait		 r
产量 Grain yield IEN
茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive stems and tillers 0.99** 0.97**
抽穗期糖花比 Sugar-spikelet ratio at heading time 0.89** 0.93**
颖花/叶面积 (粒叶比) Spikelets/leaf area (grain-leaf ratio) 0.90** 0.92**
灌浆期作物生长速率 Crop growth rate during grain filling 0.91** 0.92**
灌浆期净同化速率 Net assimilate rate during grain filling 0.85** 0.88**
灌浆期根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity during grain filling 0.91** 0.90**
茎中同花物转运率 Percentage of assimilate remobilization from stems 0.92** 0.96**
收获指数 Harvest index 0.88** 0.89**
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