作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 443-459.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83026
杨明达1,关小康1,刘影1,崔静宇1,丁超明1,王静丽1,韩静丽1,王怀苹2,康海平3,王同朝1,*()
Ming-Da YANG1,Xiao-Kang GUAN1,Ying LIU1,Jing-Yu CUI1,Chao-Ming DING1,Jing-Li WANG1,Jing-Li HAN1,Huai-Ping WANG2,Hai-Ping KANG3,Tong-Chao WANG1,*()
摘要:
采用裂区试验设计探究了地下滴灌和地表滴灌(drip underground, DU; drip surface, DS)模式下土壤水分调控(分别为田间持水量的40%~50%、60%~70%和80%~90%, 记为W40、W60和W80)对夏玉米干物质和氮素积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, DU处理的吐丝后氮素积累量及水分利用效率分别较DS显著提高了6.18%和4.85%~8.61%。夏玉米的干物质、氮素指标及产量对滴灌模式的响应依赖于土壤水分调控水平, 在W40和W60处理条件下, DU处理显著增加夏玉米的净光合速率, 提高了吐丝后干物质和氮素的积累量及向籽粒的转运, 最终DU处理的干物质积累量、籽粒氮素积累量、产量及氮肥偏生产力分别提高了3.29%~19.94%、-1.10%~20.65%、3.29%~19.94%和3.31%~23.64%。而在W80处理条件下, DS处理的干物质积累量、吐丝后氮素积累量、产量及蒸散量比DU处理分别提高了6.80%~12.24%、5.93%、8.39%~14.91%和9.73%~14.57%。综上所述, 在限水灌溉条件下, 地下滴灌能够增加吐丝后干物质积累量、氮素积累量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率, 最终增加产量。在充分供水条件下, 地表滴灌更有利于干物质及氮素的积累, 但由于消耗过多的水分, 因此水分利用效率未显著增加。
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