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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 423-431.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91046

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应

郑飞娜,初金鹏,张秀,费立伟,代兴龙(),贺明荣()   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-07 接受日期:2019-09-26 出版日期:2020-03-12 网络出版日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 代兴龙,贺明荣
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fnzheng123@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300403);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31801298);山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目资助(ZR2018BC034)

Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar

Fei-Na ZHENG,Jin-Peng CHU,Xiu ZHANG,Li-Wei FEI,Xing-Long DAI(),Ming-Rong HE()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-07-07 Accepted:2019-09-26 Published:2020-03-12 Published online:2019-10-14
  • Contact: Xing-Long DAI,Ming-Rong HE
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300403);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801298);the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BC034)

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摘要：

为探明实现冬小麦进一步增产增效的调控途径, 于2015—2016年和2016—2017年连续两个生长季, 选用大穗型品种泰农18, 设置2种播种方式(宽幅播种和常规条播)和7个种植密度(130×10 4、200×10 4、270×10 4、340×10 4、410×10 4、480×10 4和550×10 4株 hm -2), 研究了播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应。结果表明, 与常规条播相比, 宽幅播种配合增密能够有效缓解单位面积穗数增加与单穗粒重降低、氮素吸收效率提高与氮素内在利用效率下降之间的矛盾, 通过增加单位面积穗数和氮素吸收效率协同提高籽粒产量和氮素利用率。宽幅播种条件下获得最高产量和氮素利用率的密度为410×10 4株 hm -2, 显著高于常规条播条件下的最优密度(340×10 4株 hm -2), 且其增产增效幅度亦显著高于常规条播。综上所述, 宽幅播种配合合理密植具有进一步协同提高大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的潜力。在本试验条件下, 宽幅播种(苗带宽8~10 cm)与410×10 4株 hm -2密度相匹配是大穗型小麦品种泰农18获得更高产高效的最优组合。

关键词: 宽幅播种, 种植密度, 互作效应, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

In order to find out the way to achieve further improvement in the grain yield (GY) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat, two sowing pattern (the wide range sowing and conventional drilling sowing) and seven planting densities (130×10 4, 200×10 4, 270×10 4, 340×10 4, 410×10 4, 480×10 4, and 550×10 4 plants hm -2) were designed during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons. Tainong 18, a winter wheat cultivar with larger spike and lower tillering capacity, was used to investigate the combined effects of sowing pattern and planting density on GY and NUE. Compared with the conventional drilling sowing, the wide range sowing with higher planting density effectively alleviated the negative effect of increasing spikes per unit area and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) on decreasing single spike weight and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), respectively. Concurrent improvement in GY and NUE was achieved by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and NUpE. The planting density resulting in the highest GY and NUE under wide range sowing conditions was 410×10 4 plants hm -2, which was significantly higher than that (340×10 4 plants hm -2) under conventional drilling sowing. Moreover, the increase percentage of GY and NUE under wide ranging sowing was also significantly higher than that under drilling sowing. In summary, it is feasible to further improve GY and NUE of large spike wheat cultivar through rational combination of wide range sowing with higher planting density. Under the condition of this experiment, the optimal combination measure for high GY and NUE was sowing width of 8-10 cm with plant density of 410×10 4 plants hm -2.

Key words: wide range sowing pattern, planting density, interaction effect, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

表1

2015-2016 和2016-2017 生育季冬小麦播前0~0.20 m和0.20~0.40m土层基础地力"

年份
Year		 土层
Soil layer
(m)		 容重
Bulk density
(g cm-3)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolysable N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2015-2016 0-0.20 1.33 14.67 1.15 77.98 30.84 90.31
0.20-0.40 1.35 12.25 0.83 33.70 6.63 60.29
2016-2017 0-0.20 1.32 16.98 1.23 60.20 31.24 80.18
0.20-0.40 1.35 13.25 0.90 48.10 6.95 47.62

表2

年份(Y)、播种方式(S)与种植密度(D)对大穗型小麦品种产量、产量构成因素、氮素利用率及其构成因素影响的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 籽粒产量
Grain yield		 单位面积穗数
Spikes per unit area		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight		 氮素利用率
NUE		 氮素吸收效
率NUpE		 氮素内在利用
效率NUtE
Year (Y) 28.72*** 81.09*** 44.55*** 121.76*** 3.63 92.40*** 94.53*
Sowing pattern (S) 261.72*** 76.74*** 1416.26*** 193.30*** 258.20*** 501.13*** 46.44**
Planting density (D) 48.65*** 1483.46*** 5.37* 296.95*** 47.77*** 93.54*** 73.09***
Y×S 27.03*** 2114.91** 5.02*** 2.39*** 28.60*** 19.66** 13.85*
Y×D 1.50 2.56* 481.40*** 669.16*** 0.83 3.13*** 3.77**
S×D 6.01*** 5.35*** 173.65*** 14.27* 5.92*** 7.18*** 12.79***
S×D×Y 0.36 38.54*** 5.82*** 2.82* 0.38 0.18 3.76**

图1

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量的影响 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。"

表3

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 播种方式
Sowing
pattern		 种植密度
Plant density
(×104 plants hm-2)		 穗数
Spikes per unit
area (×104 plants hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike
(No. spike-1)		 千粒重
1000-kernel
weight (g)		 氮素吸收效率NUpE
(%)		 氮素利用效率NUtE
(kg kg-1)
2015-2016 宽幅播种
Wide range		 T130 451.05 f 49.40 a 39.96 ef 55.73 i 33.27 b
T200 540.07 de 47.48 bc 39.61 fg 68.23 e 30.70 de
T270 622.61 c 45.63 cd 39.12 h 76.88 d 29.44 fg
T340 696.65 b 43.55 e 38.62 i 83.52 b 28.54 gh
T410 748.65 a 41.57 fg 38.13 ij 86.18 a 28.27 h
T480 778.02 a 38.22 h 37.72 j 81.67 c 28.15 h
T550 783.83 a 35.99 i 37.20 k 76.41 d 27.90 h
传统条播
Drilling		 T130 388.67 g 47.95 ab 42.99 a 46.57 j 36.21 a
T200 460.33 f 45.50 d 42.68 a 55.98 hi 33.50 b
T270 529.00 e 43.05 ef 42.17 b 62.71 g 31.92 c
T340 583.33 cd 40.73 g 41.58 c 66.90 e 31.04 cd
T410 600.63 c 38.06 h 41.06 d 65.17 f 30.79 de
T480 608.50 c 35.46 i 40.19 e 61.43 g 29.70 ef
T550 611.03 c 33.02 g 39.36 gh 57.56 h 28.17 h
2016-2017 宽幅播种
Wide range		 T130 450.27 h 45.30 bc 42.28 a 63.44 h 29.76 c
T200 554.33 f 44.28 cd 41.01 b 72.36 e 28.32 ef
T270 646.38 d 42.39 e 39.91 c 78.62 d 27.70 fg
T340 699.82 c 41.11 f 38.92 d 83.73 b 27.29 gh
T410 742.96 ab 40.01 g 38.04 ef 85.80 a 27.14 ghi
T480 767.69 a 38.43 h 37.35 gh 83.72 b 26.96 hi
T550 779.03 a 37.33 i 36.84 hi 81.14 c 26.43 i
传统条播Drilling T130 413.99 i 46.92 a 41.19 b 58.00 i 31.92 a
T200 498.27 g 45.70 b 39.95 c 64.28 h 30.61 b
T270 572.71 f 43.71 d 38.59 de 68.96 g 29.91 bc
T340 608.97 de 42.50 e 37.83 fg 72.91 e 29.42 cd
T410 635.73 d 41.25 f 36.63 i 71.66 f 28.96 e
T480 649.79 d 39.31 gh 35.72 j 70.23 fg 27.78 fg
T550 654.84 d 38.30 hi 35.21 j 69.22 g 26.54 i

图2

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种氮素利用率(NUE)的影响 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。"

图3

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种穗数和单穗粒重的影响 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。"

图4

播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种氮素吸收效率和氮素内在利用效率的影响 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。"

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