作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (02): 339-347.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00339
王宜伦1,2,李潮海1,*,谭金芳2,张许2,刘天学1
WANG Yi-Lun,LI Chao-Hai*,TAN Jin-Fang,ZHANG Xu,LIU Tian-Xue
摘要: 采用田间试验研究了氮肥后移对超高产夏玉米产量、氮素吸收积累和氮肥效率的影响,旨在了解超高产夏玉米(≥ 12 000 kg hm-2)的氮素吸收和转运特性,为实现夏玉米超高产合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,夏玉米施氮显著增产,增产幅度为9.62%~15.95%,氮肥后移比习惯施氮增产2.27%~5.33%。超高产夏玉米吐丝后氮素吸收积累量占总积累量的40.30%~47.78%,保证后期氮素养分充足供应对于夏玉米达到超高产水平至关重要;氮肥后移可促进超高产夏玉米后期的氮素吸收积累,降低夏玉米茎和叶片氮素的转运率,显著增强灌浆期夏玉米穗位叶硝酸还原酶活性,提高灌浆期叶片游离氨基酸含量,增加蛋白质产量;氮肥后移比习惯施氮的氮肥利用率提高1.88%~9.70%、农学效率提高0.96~2.21 kg kg-1,以“30%苗肥+30%大喇叭口肥+40%吐丝肥”方式施用氮肥的产量和氮肥利用效率最佳。
[1]Chen C-Y(陈传永), Hou H-P(侯海鹏), Li Q(李强), Zhu P(朱平), Zhang Z-Y(张振勇), Dong Z-Q(董志强), Zhao M(赵明). Effects of panting density on photosynthetic characteristics and changes of carbon and nitrogen in leaf of different corn hybrids. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2010, 36(5): 871-878 (in Chinese with English abstract) [2]Li S-K(李少昆). Main problems and countermeasures on maize production at present. China Agric Inform (中国农业信息), 2008, (6): 37-38 (in Chinese) [3]He P(何萍), Jin J-Y(金继运), Lin B(林葆), Wang X-F(王秀芳), Zhang K(张宽). Dynamics of biomass and its components and models of nutrients absorption by spring maize under different nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium application rates. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 1998, 4(2): 123-130 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4]He P(何萍), Jin J-Y(金继运), Lin B(林葆). Study progress on maize high yield fertilization and nutrition physiological. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 1998, 6(2): 72-76 (in Chinese) [5]Judith N, Adrien N D, Martin H C, Marc R L. Variations in corn yield and nitrogen uptake in relation to soil attributes and nitrogen availability indices. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 2009, 73: 317-327 [6]Mosisa W, Marianne B, Gunda S, Dennis F, Alpha O D, Walter J H. Nitrogen uptake and utilization in contrasting nitrogen efficient tropical maize hybrids. Crop Sci, 2007, 47: 519-528 [7]Presterl T, Groh S, Landbeck M, Seitz G, Schmdt W, Geiger H H. Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of European maize hybrids developed under conditions of low and high nitrogen input. Plant Breed, 2002, 121: 480-486 [8]Lü D-Q(吕殿青), Tong Y-A(同延安), Sun B-H(孙本华), Emteryd O. Study on effect of nitrogen fertilizer use on environment pollution. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 1998, 4(1): 8-15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9]Yi Z-X(易镇邪), Wang P(王璞), Shen L-X(申丽霞), Zhang H-F(张红芳), Liu M(刘明), Dai M-H(戴明宏). Effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation, translocation and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in summer maize. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2006, 32(5): 772-778 (in Chinese with English abstract) [10]Zhao Y(赵营), Tong Y-A(同延安), Zhao H-B(赵护兵). Effects of different N rates on nutrients accumulation, transformation and yield of summer maize. Plant Nut Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2006, 12(5): 622-627 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11]Wang Y-J(王永军), Wang K-J(王空军), Dong S-T(董树亭), Hu C-H(胡昌浩), Zhang J-W(张吉旺), Liu P(刘鹏). Effects of different nitrogen application strategies on yield and forage nutritive quality of Zea mexicana. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2005, 38(3): 492-497 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12]Lü L-H(吕丽华), Tao H-B(陶洪斌), Wang P(王璞), Zhao M(赵明), Zhao J-R(赵久然), Lu L-Q(鲁来清). The effect of nitrogen application rate on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2008, 14(4): 630-637 (in Chinese with English abstract) [13]Xia L-K(夏来坤), Tao H-B(陶洪斌), Xu X-B(许学彬), Lu L-Q(鲁来清), Wang R-Z(王润正), Wang P(王璞). Effects of nitrogen application time on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2009, 17(5): 138-140 (in Chinese with English abstract) [14]Li C-H(李潮海), Su X-H(苏新宏), Xie R-Z(谢瑞芝), Zhou S-M(周苏玫), Li D-H(李登海). Study on relationship between grain yield of summer corn and climatic ecological condition under super-high-yield cultivation. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2001, 34(3): 311-316 (in Chinese with English abstract) [15]Xu H(徐航), Yin Z-R(尹枝瑞), Liu Z-Q(刘志全), Wang Y-Z(王玉贞), Zhang L-J(张临杰), Li W-Y(李维岳). Study on effect of soil and climate in super-high-yield maize. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2000, 8(3): 40-45 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16]Xie R-Z(谢瑞芝), Li C-H(李潮海), Zhou S-M(周苏玫), Zhang G-F(张根峰). Study on growth mechanism of super-high yield summer maize. J Henan Agric Univ (河南农业大学学报), 1999, 3(1): 11-16 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17]Huang Z-X(黄振喜), Wang Y-J(王永军), Wang K-J(王空军), Li D-H(李登海), Zhao M(赵明), Liu J-G(柳京国), Dong S-T(董树亭), Wang H-J(王洪军), Wang J-H(王军海), Yang J-S(杨今胜). Photosynthetic characteristics during grain filling stage of summer maize hybrids with high yield potential of 15 000 kg ha-1. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(9): 1898-1906(in Chinese with English abstract) [18]Dong X-W(东先旺), Liu S-T(刘树堂). A study of canopy apparent photosynthesis property in summer maize with super-high yield. Acta Agric Boreal-Sin (华北农学报), 1999, 14(2): 1-5(in Chinese with English abstract) [19]Chen X(陈祥), Tong Y-A(同延安), Kang H-H(亢欢虎), Yu J-B(俞建波), Wang Z-H(王志辉), Yang J-F(杨江锋). Effect of postponing N application on the yield, apparent N recovery and N absorption of winter wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2008, 14(3): 450-455 (in Chinese with English abstract) [20]Pei X-X(裴雪霞), Wang X-B(王秀斌), He P(何萍), Zhang X-Z(张秀芝), Li K-J(李科江), Zhou W(周卫), Liang G-Q(梁国庆), Jin J-Y(金继运). Effect of postponing N application on soil N supply, plant N uptake and utilization in winter wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2009, 15(1): 9-15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21]Wang C-Y(王晨阳), Zhu Y-J(朱云集), Xia G-J(夏国军), Song J-Y(宋家永), Li J-X(李九星), Wang Y-H(王永华), Luo Y(罗毅). Effects application of nitrogen at the later stage on grain yield and plant physiological characteristics of super-high-yielding winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1998, 24(6): 978-983 (in Chinese with English abstract) [22]Bao S-D(鲍士旦). Soil Agro-Chemistry Analysis (土壤农化分析). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. pp 30-33, 56-57, 81-83, 106-107 (in Chinese) [23]Zhang Z-L(张志良), Qu W-J(瞿伟菁). Laboratory Guide to Plant Physiology (植物生理学实验指导). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003. pp 41-43 (in Chinese) [24]He Z F(何照范). Grain Quality and Its Analysis Technology (粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术). Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1985. pp 57-59 (in Chinese) [25]Zhao Y(赵营), Tong Y-A(同延安), Zhao H-B(赵护兵). Effects of different N rates on nutrients accumulation, transformation and yield of summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2006, 12(5): 622-627 (in Chinese with English abstract) [26]Song H-X(宋海星), Li S-X(李生秀). Dynamics of nutrient accumulation in maize plants under different water and N supply conditions. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2003, 36(1): 71-76 (in Chinese with English abstract) [27]Fu Y-C(傅应春), Chen G-P(陈国平). Study on fertilizer requirement and dry matter accumulation in summer corn. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1982, 8(1): 1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract) [28]Osaki M, Makoto L, Toshiaki T. Ontogenetic changes in the contents of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxlase and chlorophyll in individual leaves of maize. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 1995, 41: 285-293 [29]Tian H(田华), Duan M-Y(段美洋), Wang L(王兰). Research progress on nitrate reductase functions in plants. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2009, 25(10): 96-99 (in Chinese with English abstract) [30]Zhang L-S(张林生), Jiang J-Y(蒋纪云), Zhang B-J(张保军), Cao R(曹让). Changes of free amino acid in developing grain of wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1998, 24(4): 459-463 (in Chinese with English abstract) [31]Guo P-X(郭鹏旭), Xiong S-P(熊淑萍), Du S-Y(杜少勇), Ma X-M(马新明). Effects of Nitrogen forms on free amino acid content of organs above ground and grain protein of Yumai 34. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2010, 30(2): 326-329 (in Chinese with English abstract) [32]Zhao H-X(赵洪祥), Shang D-H(尚东辉), Bian S-F(边少锋), Liu Y(刘宇), Cao M-J(曹敏建). Effect on nitrogen fertilizer application by stages in different proportion on nitrate reductase activity of maize. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2009, 17(6): 97-100 (in Chinese with English abstract) [33]Zhang F-S(张福锁), Wang J-Q(王激清), Zhang W-F(张卫峰), Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Ma W-Q(马文奇), Chen X-P(陈新平), Jiang R-F(江荣风). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2008, 45(5): 915-924 (in Chinese with English abstract) [34]Zhu Z-L(朱兆良), Wen Q-X(文启孝). Soil Nitrogen in China (中国土壤氮素). Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1992. pp 228-231 (in Chinese) |
[1] | 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450. |
[2] | 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462. |
[3] | 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475. |
[4] | 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487. |
[5] | 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515. |
[6] | 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545. |
[7] | 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297. |
[8] | 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247. |
[9] | 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016. |
[10] | 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951. |
[11] | 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961. |
[12] | 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571. |
[13] | 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666. |
[14] | 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681. |
[15] | 丁红, 徐扬, 张冠初, 秦斐斐, 戴良香, 张智猛. 不同生育期干旱与氮肥施用对花生氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 695-703. |
|