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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (02): 339-347.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00339

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥后移对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响

王宜伦1,2,李潮海1,*,谭金芳2,张许2,刘天学1   

  1. 1河南农业大学农学院 / 农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,河南郑州 450002;2河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2010-07-26 修回日期:2010-10-08 出版日期:2011-02-12 网络出版日期:2010-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 李潮海, E-mail: lichaohai2005@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由河南省科技创新杰出人才计划(084200410010), 中加合作IPNI项目(NMBF-HenanAU-2008)和河南省重大公益科研项目(091100910100)资助。

Effect of Postponing N Application on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Super-High-Yield Summer Maize

WANG Yi-Lun,LI Chao-Hai*,TAN Jin-Fang,ZHANG Xu,LIU Tian-Xue   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University / Regional Center for New Technology Creation of Corn of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002; 2 College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 China
  • Received:2010-07-26 Revised:2010-10-08 Published:2011-02-12 Published online:2010-12-15
  • Contact: 李潮海, E-mail: lichaohai2005@yahoo.com.cn

摘要: 采用田间试验研究了氮肥后移对超高产夏玉米产量、氮素吸收积累和氮肥效率的影响,旨在了解超高产夏玉米(≥ 12 000 kg hm-2)的氮素吸收和转运特性,为实现夏玉米超高产合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,夏玉米施氮显著增产,增产幅度为9.62%~15.95%,氮肥后移比习惯施氮增产2.27%~5.33%。超高产夏玉米吐丝后氮素吸收积累量占总积累量的40.30%~47.78%,保证后期氮素养分充足供应对于夏玉米达到超高产水平至关重要;氮肥后移可促进超高产夏玉米后期的氮素吸收积累,降低夏玉米茎和叶片氮素的转运率,显著增强灌浆期夏玉米穗位叶硝酸还原酶活性,提高灌浆期叶片游离氨基酸含量,增加蛋白质产量;氮肥后移比习惯施氮的氮肥利用率提高1.88%~9.70%、农学效率提高0.96~2.21 kg kg-1,以“30%苗肥+30%大喇叭口肥+40%吐丝肥”方式施用氮肥的产量和氮肥利用效率最佳。

关键词: 夏玉米, 超高产, 氮肥后移, 产量, 氮素吸收, 氮肥效率

Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the largest grain crop in China. Realizing super-high-yield (≥12 000 kg ha-1) of summer maize plays an important role in ensuring the country food security. However, there exist some problems in summer maize production such as excessive dosage and unreasonable period of nitrogen application, which hinders the realization of super-high-yield. In order to increase the use efficiency of fertilizer and grain yield of summer maize, field experiments were conducted and the effects of postponing N application on nitrogen absorption, use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and grain yield in summer maize were studied. The results showed that yield was increased by 9.62%–15.95% by applying nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with conventional fertilizer application, postponing N application increased grain yield by 2.27%–5.33%. The N absorption proportion after silking stage was 40.30%–47.78% of the total, so it is important to provide maize plants with sufficient N in later growth stage for realizing super-high-yield. It was indicated that postponing N application could promote N absorption and accumulation of super-high-yield summer maize at later stage, decrease N transfer efficiency in stem and leaf, increase activity of nitrate reductase and content of free amino acids in ear leaf at filling stage, and raise protein yield of summer maize. In comparison with conventional fertilizer application, the N fertilizer utilization rate and N fertilizer agronomy efficiency were increased by 1.88%–9.70% and 0.96–2.21 kg kg-1 respectively by postponing N application. The highest yield and nitrogenous fertilizer use efficiency were obtained by applying 30% of nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage and trumpeting stage respectively and 40% of nitrogen fertilizer at silking stage.

Key words: Summer maize, Super-high-yield, Postponing N application, Yield, Nitrogen absorption, Nitrogenous fertilizer efficiency

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