作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 1920-1929.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01920
谭秀山1,3,毕建杰2,3,王金花1,3,叶宝兴1,3,*
TAN Xiu-Shan1,3,BI Jian-Jie2,3,WANG Jin-Hua1,3,YE Bao-Xing1,3,*
摘要:
为研究小麦不同穗位籽粒淀粉粒差异及其与粒重相关性, 以露天池栽冬小麦济麦20, 测定不同小穗位成熟颖果胚乳细胞大小、淀粉粒的数目、体积和表面积分布及胚乳发育过程中淀粉体数量变化。结果表明, 小麦胚乳淀粉粒发育具有显著的粒位、穗位效应, 相同小穗位, 强势粒淀粉体起始时间比弱势粒早4~5 d。相同粒位, 中部小穗籽粒淀粉体最先发育, 上部小穗次之, 下部小穗最晚。淀粉体数量在中部小穗籽粒最多, 随着灌浆进程, 下部小穗逐渐赶上并超过上部小穗。成熟籽粒淀粉粒数目分布总趋势为BL型>BS型>A型; BS型淀粉粒表现强势粒>弱势粒, 且随小穗位的升高而呈增加趋势; BL型则相反。淀粉粒的数目分布导致其体积与表面积分布表现出相同的变化趋势。粒重与大、小淀粉体数目相关系数随灌浆进程逐渐增大, 且前者大于后者; 成熟期分别达到0.88**和0.78**。粒重增加与大、小淀粉粒数目增长的相关系数分别高于0.96**和0.93**, 前者在穗位间差异不显著, 后者表现为下部小穗>上部小穗>中部小穗。小麦胚乳淀粉粒形成及粒度分布既具有强弱势籽粒间的粒位效应, 也具有显著的小穗位效应; 弱势籽粒仍有通过增加淀粉粒数量以减小其与强势籽粒间粒重差异的调控空间。
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