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作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 1908-1919.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01908

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植方式下水稻氮素吸收利用的特性

霍中洋,李杰,张洪程*,戴其根,许轲,魏海燕,龚金龙   

  1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2012-02-20 修回日期:2012-05-20 出版日期:2012-10-12 网络出版日期:2012-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; Tel: 0514-87979220
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家“十二五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2010BAD02A03), 国家自然科学基金项目(30971732), 超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项), 江苏省科技支撑计划重大项目(BE2009425, BE2011449)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助。

Characterization of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Rice under Different Planting Methods

HUO Zhong-Yang,LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-Cheng*,DAI Qi-Gen,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GONG Jin-Long   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2012-02-20 Revised:2012-05-20 Published:2012-10-12 Published online:2012-07-25
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; Tel: 0514-87979220

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被引次数

42

摘要：

以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种生育类型水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻)为材料，比较研究了旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式下水稻的氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明，拔节期植株含氮率和吸氮量为直播>机插>手栽，抽穗期和成熟期为手栽>机插>直播，手栽成熟期总吸氮量较机插和直播分别高11.68%和39.03%，机插较直播高24.49%；氮素吸收速率，拔节前为直播>机插>手栽，拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期为手栽>机插>直播，手栽和机插拔节至抽穗期的吸收速率最大，直播中熟中粳拔节至抽穗期最大，早熟晚粳和迟熟中粳拔节前最大；拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期的氮素积累量为手栽>机插>直播，不同种植方式间差异均达显著或极显著水平；氮素吸收利用率，手栽、机插、直播分别为44.49%、39.00%、31.41%，且手栽和机插为早熟晚粳>迟熟中粳>中熟中粳，直播为中熟中粳>迟熟中粳>早熟晚粳，同一生育类型常规粳稻大于杂交粳稻；百千克籽粒需氮量，手栽、机插、直播分别为1.959 (1.900~2.009) kg、1.842 (1.681~1.914) kg、1.638 (1.540~1.721) kg，常规粳稻手栽与机插间差异不显著，但都显著高于直播，杂交粳稻不同种植方式间差异均显著，直播稻为中熟中粳>迟熟中粳>早熟晚粳，手栽和机插在不同生育类型品种间没有明显变化规律。科学选择种植方式并配套适宜的品种类型对实现水稻氮素高效吸收和利用具有重要意义。

关键词: 种植方式, 水稻, 生育类型, 氮素吸收利用特性

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted with three planting methods including precisionartificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedlings (AT), mechanical transplanting with small seedlings (MT) and direct seeding (DS) using early-maturing late japonica rice (EMLJ), late-maturing medium japonica rice (LMMJ) and medium-maturing medium japonica rice (MMMJ) (including conventional rice and hybrid rice). The results showed that the N content and uptake in plant were DS>MT>AT at jointing and AT>MT>DS at heading and maturity. Total N uptake at maturity with AT was 11.68% and 39.03% higher than that with MT and DS and that with MT was 24.49% higher than that with DS. N uptake rate was DS>MT>AT before jointing and AT>MT>DS from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity. Maximum N uptake rate of AT and MT appeared in the period from jointing to heading, and that of DS with MMMJ appeared from jointing to heading while that with EMLJ and LMMJ appeared before jointing. N periodic accumulation from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity were AT>MT>DS and the difference among different planting methods all reached significant or very significant level. N recovery efficiency of AT, MT and DS were 44.49%, 39.00% and 31.41%, respectively. N recovery efficiency among different varieties with AT and MT was EMLJ>LMMJ>MMMJ，and that with DS was MMMJ>LMMJ>EMLJ，and in the case for the same type of variety，that of conventional japonica rice was higher than that of hybrid japonica rice. N requirement for 100 kg grain of AT, MT and DS were 1.959(1.900–2.009) kg, 1.842(1.681–1.914) kg, 1.638(1.540–1.721) kg, respectively. It was no significant difference between AT and MT while both were significantly higher than that of DS for conventional japonica rice. For hybrid japonica rice, the differences among different planting methods were all significant. N requirement for 100 kg grain among different growth type of varieties with DS was MMMJ>LMMJ>EMLJ while that with AT and MT was not significantly different. It is important to select scientific planting method and suitable variety type for achieving effective nitrogen uptake and utilization.

Key words: Planting method, rice, Growth type, Nitrogen uptake and utilization properties

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