作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (05): 943-949.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00943
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
李忠芳1,2,徐明岗1,*,张会民1,孙楠1,娄翼来1
LI Zhong-Fang1,2,XU Ming-Gang1,*,ZHANG Hui-Min1,SUN Nan1,LOU Yi-Lai1
摘要:
系统分析我国南方双季典型稻区福建省白沙、江西省进贤、江西省南昌及湖南省望城4个水稻长期施肥试验资料,研究化肥N、P、K (氮、磷、钾)的不同组合(NP, NK, NPK)、化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)及不施肥(CK)各处理水稻的产量差异、变化趋势。结果显示,不同施肥条件下各试验点上水稻产量差异大,试验期内各施肥处理较CK的总增产率分别为NPKM 84.3%、NPK 68.1%、NP 42.9%和NK 39.9%,其中NPKM总体上显著高于NPK。长期配施NPK或NPKM肥产量较稳定或呈上升趋势,尤其是晚稻,而仅施NK均呈下降或极显著下降趋势(周年变化幅度为-103~ -201 kg hm-2 yr-1),其他施肥处理晚稻产量相对稳定。不同试验点间施磷量较高(52 kg hm-2 yr-1)的南昌点产量相对稳定,而施磷量较低(24 kg hm-2 yr-1)的白沙点各处理均呈显著下降趋势。本试验条件下,施肥投入不足又特别是施磷肥量低或不施磷为早稻产量下降的主要驱动因素。合理施用NPK肥,配合有机肥,为推荐的施肥模式,为了使试验点双季稻产量稳定且不呈下降趋势,需年施纯磷50.0~63.9 kg hm-2, 且适当偏重于早稻季。
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