控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01406

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用旱棚盆栽试验, 以郑单958为材料设置3个水分水平(正常水分W3、轻度水分胁迫W2、重度水分胁迫W1)和高氮N3 (施纯氮315 kg hm^-2)、中氮N2 (施纯氮210 kg hm^-2)、低氮N1 (施纯氮105 kg hm^-2)、不施氮N0四个控释尿素施氮水平, 探讨控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明, 控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性具有显著影响。相同水分条件下, 夏玉米产量随施氮量增加而增加, W1条件下增产13.17%~20.96%, W2条件下增产13.93%~32.48%, W3条件下增产14.37%~21.83%。相同施氮水平下, 产量也随水分增加而增加, W2N3、W3N2和W3N3的产量在所有处理中较高。水氮耦合对夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率的影响显著, W1条件下N3、N2和N1处理间差异不显著, 均显著高于N0, W2、W3各施氮处理的净光合速率随施氮量增加而增加, W3各处理的平均净光合速率高于其他2个水分处理, W2N3比W3N3和W3N2前期略低, 后期无显著差异。水氮耦合效应能有效减缓穗位叶的实际光化学效率Φ_PSII、叶片光化学猝灭系数q_P以及PSII反应中心的最大光能转换效率的下降速率, 提高光能利用率。控释尿素水氮耦合能有效提高夏玉米花后穗位叶净光合速率, 保证籽粒对营养物质的需求, 提高穗位叶实际和最大光化学效率, 从而提高夏玉米的产量, 产量构成因素中增加千粒重和穗粒数的优势较大。综合产量与光合特性、荧光特性的表现, 在田间持水量为75%±5%的土壤条件下, 控释尿素施氮量以纯氮210 kg hm^-2为最佳; 在田间持水量为55%±5%的土壤条件下, 控释尿素施氮量以纯氮315 kg hm^-2为宜。

关键词: 夏玉米, 控释尿素, 水氮耦合, 产量, 光合特性

Abstract: A experiment using Zhengdan 958 (a summer maize cultivar planted widely in China), with treatments of three water levels (normal water W3, mild water stress W2, severe water stress W1) and four amounts of controlled release urea nitrogen (N) (N3 was 315 kg ha^-1, N2 was 210 kg ha^-1, N1 was 105 kg ha^-1 and N0 was no nitrogen) was carried out under the waterproof shed and potting conditions. The results showed there was significant influence of coupling water with controlled release urea on yield and photosynthetic characteristics in summer maize. Under the condition of same soil moisture, the yield showed a increasing trend with the amounts of N application increased. The yield increased by 13.17%-20.96% under severe water stress (W1), by 13.93%-32.48% under mild water stress (W2), and by 14.37%-21.83% under the condition of normal water (W3). Under the same amounts of N application, the yield was also improved with the increase of the soil moisture. The yields of W2N3, W3N2, and W3N3 were the highest among these treatments. The coupling effects of water and controlled release urea were significant on the photosynthetic rate in ear leaf. The photosynthetic rates of N3, N2, and N1 had no significant differences in W1, and were higher than these of N0 significantly. The photosynthetic rate of W2 and W3 treatments increased with the increase of N fertilizer application, the average photosynthetic rate in W3 was higher than that of W2 and W1, that of W2N3 was slightly lower than that of W3N3 and W3N2 at early flowering, and no significant difference in the late stage. The coupling effects of water and controlled release urea nitrogen could effectively improve the efficiency of light energy utilization and slow down the decline rates of the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, coefficient of photochemical quenching (q_P) of leaf and PSII reaction center of light conversion. High photosynthetic rate, actual and maximal photochemical efficiency of ear leaf after flowering in summer maize ensured the nutrients needs of grain filling, thus increased the yield. Higher yield was obtained due to the significant increase of kernels per ear and thousand seed weight among yield components. Under this experimental condition, controlled release urea N application rate of 210 kg ha^-1 was the best treatment as the soil moisture content was 75%±5% of field capacity. We suggested that coupling controlled release urea N application rate of 315 kg ha^-1 with soil moisture content of 55%±5% of field capacity is optimum.

Key words: Summer maize, Controlled release urea, Water and nitrogen coupling, Yield, Photosynthetic characteristics

李广浩, 赵斌, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 何在菊. 控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(09): 1406-1415.

LI Guang-Hao, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-Ting, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-Wang, HE Zai-Ju. Effects of Coupling Controlled Release Urea with Water on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Summer Maize[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(09): 1406-1415.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01406

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2015/V41/I09/1406

参考文献

[1] Russell W A. Genetic improvement of maize yields. Adv Agron , 1991, 46: 245-298
[2] Duvick D N. Genetic contributions to advances in yield in U.S. maize. Maydica , 1992, 37: 69-79
[3] Tollenaar M, Lee E A. Yield potential, yield stability and stress tolerance in maize. Field Crops Res , 2002, 75: 161-169
[4] Tollenaar M, Lee E A. Dissection of physiological processes underlying grain yield in maize by examining genetic improvement and heterosis . Maydica , 2006, 51: 399-408
[5] 张民, 史衍玺, 杨守祥, 杨越超. 控释和缓释肥的研究现状与进展. 化肥工业, 2001, 28(5): 27-30 Zhang M, Shi Y X, Yang S X, Yang Y C. Status quo of study of controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers and progress made in this respect. Chem Fert Ind , 2001, 28(5): 27-30 (in Chinese)
[6] Mi G H, Chen F J, Wu Q P, Lai N W, Yuan L X, Zhang F S. Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in intensive cropping systems. Sci China Life Sci , 2010, 53: 1369-1373
[7] 樊小林, 刘芳, 廖照源, 郑祥洲, 喻建刚. 我国控释肥料研究的现状和展望. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15: 463-473 Fan X L, Liu F, Liao Z Y, Zheng X Z, Yu J G. The status and outlook for the study of controlled-release fertilizers in China. Plant Nutr Fert Sci , 2009, 15: 463-473 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] 赵斌, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 刘鹏. 控释肥对夏玉米产量和氮素积累与分配的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 1760-1768 Zhao B, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Liu P. Effects of controlled- release fertilizer on yield and nitrogen accumulation and distribution in summer maize . Acta Agron Sin , 2010, 36: 1760-1768 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] Zhao B, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Liu P. Effects of controlled- release fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize. PLoS One , 2013, 8(8): e70569
[10] 符建荣. 控释氮肥对水稻的增产效应及提高肥料利用率的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7: 145-152 Fu J R. Effects of controlled release fertilizer on rice yield and N recovery. Plant Nutr Fert Sci , 2001, 7: 145-152 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 赵斌, 董树亭, 王空军, 张吉旺, 刘鹏. 控释肥对夏玉米产量及田间氨挥发和氮素利用率的影响. 应用生态学报, 2009, 2011: 2678-2684 Zhao B, Dong S T, Wang K J, Zhang J W, Liu P. Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on summer maize grain yield, field ammonia volatilization and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. Chin J Appl Ecol , 2009, 2011: 2678-2684 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 武志杰, 周健民. 我国缓释﹑控释肥料发展现状、趋势及对策. 中国农业科技导报, 2001, 3(1): 73-76 Wu Z J, Zhou J M. Present situation, trend and strategy of control-released and slow-released fertilizer in China. Rev China Agric Sci Technol , 2001, 3(1): 73-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 郭天财, 冯伟, 赵会杰, 朱云集, 王晨阳, 阎耀礼, 罗毅. 水分和氮素运筹对冬小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23: 1512-1517 Guo T C, Feng W, Zhao H J, Zhu Y J, Wang C Y, Yan Y L, Luo Y. Effects of water and nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat in the late growing and developing period. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin , 2003, 23: 1512-1517 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 孟兆江, 卞新民, 刘安能, 庞鸿宾, 王和洲. 调亏灌溉对夏玉米光合生理特性的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20: 182-186 Meng Z J, Bian X M, Liu A N, Pang H B, Wang H Z. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize and its optimized combination of agronomic techniques. J Soil Water Conserv , 2006, 20: 182-186 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 戴俊英, 沈秀瑛, 徐世昌, 王莲芝. 水分胁迫对玉米光合性能及产量的影响. 作物学报, 1995, 21: 356-363 Dai J Y, Shen X Y, Xu S C, Wang L Z. The effect of water stress on maize photosynthetic characters and yield. Acta Agron Sin , 1995, 21: 356-363 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 张玉华, 武志杰, 刘子江, 兰井春, 闫涛, 王立谦, 苏君伟. 玉米长效专用复合肥不同施肥量对玉米产量和经济效益的影响. 玉米科学, 2000, 8(2): 80-83 Zhang Y H, Wu Z J, Liu Z J, Lan J C, Yan T, Wang L Q, Su J W. Effect of applying different amounts of maize long-lasting special fertilizer on yield and economic benefit. J Maize Sci , 2000, 8(2): 80-83 (in Chinese)
[17] 李潮海, 刘奎, 周苏玫, 栾丽敏. 不同施肥条件下夏玉米光合对生理生态因子的响应. 作物学报, 2002, 28: 265-269 Li C H, Liu K, Zhou S M, Luan L M. Response of photosynthesis to eco-physiological factors of summer maize on different fertilizer amounts. Acta Agron Sin , 2002, 28: 265-269 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 张守仁. 叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论. 植物学通报, 1999, 16: 444-448 Zhang S R. A discussion on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and their significance. Chin Bull Bot , 1999, 16: 444-448 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 陈国平. 玉米的干物质生产与分配. 玉米科学, 1994, 16(1): 48-53 Chen G P. The dry matter production and distribution of maize. Maize Sci , 1994, 16(1): 48-53 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 宋凤斌, 许世昌, 戴俊英. 水分胁迫对玉米光合作用的影响. 玉米科学, 1994, 2(3): 66-70 Song F B, Xu S C, Dai J Y. Effect of water stress on maize photosynthesis. Maize Sci , 1994, 2(3): 66-70 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 常敬礼, 杨德光, 谭巍巍, 陆月赏. 水分胁迫对玉米叶片光合作用的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 2008, 39(11): 1-5 Chang J L, Yang D G, Tan W W, Lu Y S. Effects of water stress on maize leaf photosynthesis. J Northeast Agric Univ , 2008, 39(11): 1-5 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 王晓娟, 贾志宽, 梁连友, 丁瑞霞, 王敏, 李涵. 不同有机肥量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23: 419-425 Wang X J, Jia Z K, Liang L Y, Ding R X, Wang M, Li H. Effects of organic fertilizer application rate on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of dry land maize. Chin J Appl Ecol , 2012, 23: 419-425 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 段巍巍, 李慧玲, 肖凯, 李雁鸣. 氮肥对玉米穗位叶光合作用及其生理生化特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(1): 26-29 Duan W W, Li H L, Xiao K, Li Y M. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis and its physiological and biochemical characteristics in ear-leaf of maize . Acta Agric Boreali-Sin , 2007, 22(1): 26-29 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 齐华, 白向历, 孙世贤, 刘明, 杨国航, 丛雪. 水分胁迫对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2009, 24(3): 102-106 Qi H, Bai X L, Sun S X, Liu M, Yang G H, Cong X. Effects of water stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin , 2009, 24(3): 102-106 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 王建程, 严昌荣, 卜玉山. 不同水分与养分水平对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 中国农业气象, 2005, 26(2): 95-98 Wang J C, Yan C R, Pu Y S. Effects of vary soil moisture and fertility levels on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in maize. Chin J Agrometeorol , 2005, 26(2): 95-98 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 李耕, 高辉远, 赵斌, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 杨吉顺, 王敬锋, 刘鹏. 灌浆期干旱胁迫对玉米叶片光系统活性的影响. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1916-1922 Li G, Gao H Y, Zhao B, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Yang J S, Wang J F, Liu P. Effects of drought stress on activity of photo systems in leaves of maize at grain filling stage. Acta Agron Sin , 2009, 35: 1916-1922 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] 张秋英, 刘晓冰, 金剑, 李艳华, 王光华. 水肥耦合对玉米光合特性及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2001, 9(2): 64-67 Zhang Q Y, Liu X B, Jin J, Li Y H, Wang G H. Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic characteristic and yield in corn. J Maize Sci , 2001, 9(2): 64-67 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 武荣, 李援农. 水氮耦合对冬小麦根系分布和根冠比及产量的影响. 南方农业学报, 2013, 44: 963-967 Wu R, Li Y N. Effect of water and nitrogen fertilizer coupling on root distribution, root/shoot ratio and yield of winter wheat. J Southern Agric , 2013, 44: 963-967 (in Chinese)
[29] 魏永霞, 何双红, 魏永华. 控制灌溉条件下水肥耦合对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(5): 98-102 Wei Y X, He S H, Wei Y H. Influence of water fertilizer coupling on rice yield and compensation under the condition of water control irrigation. J Irrig Drain , 2010, 29(5): 98-102 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] 温利利, 刘文智, 李淑文, 文宏达. 水肥耦合对夏玉米生物学特性和产量的影响. 河北农业大学学报, 2012, 35(3): 18-23 Wen L L, Liu W Z, Li S W, Wen H D. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on biological characteristics and yields of summer maize. J Agric Univ Hebei , 2012, 35(3): 18-23 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31] 张学军, 赵营, 陈晓群, 王晓彬, 蔡典雄. 不同水氮供应对水稻产量、吸氮量及水氮利用效率的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(4): 126-131 Zhang X J, Zhao Y, Chen X Q, Wang X B, Cai D X. Effect of different water and N supply on the yield, N uptake and water/N use efficiency of rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull , 2010, 26(4): 126-131 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32] 邵国庆, 李增嘉, 宁堂原, 张民, 江晓东, 王芸, 赵建波, 吕美蓉, 赵杰. 不同水分条件下常规尿素和控释尿素对玉米根冠生长及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 118-123 Shao G Q, Li Z J, Ning T Y, Zhang M, Jiang X D, Wang Y, Zhao J B, Lü M R, Zhao J. Effects of normal urea and release- controlled urea on root and shoot growth and yield of maize in different water conditions. Acta Agron Sin , 2009, 35: 118-123 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33] 韩晓日. 新型缓/控释肥料研究现状与展望. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2006, 37: 3-8 Han X R. Current situation and prospects of new type slow and controlled releaseing fertilizers. J Shenyang Agric Univ , 2006, 37: 3-8 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed