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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 438-446.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦倒春寒抗性评价方法研究

刘方方(), 万映秀, 曹文昕, 李耀, 张琪琪, 李炎, 张平治()   

  1. 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 / 农作物品质改良安徽省重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-14 接受日期:2022-05-05 出版日期:2022-05-19 网络出版日期:2022-05-19
  • 通讯作者: 张平治
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liuff0510@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽小麦良种联合攻关项目(2021);财政部和农村农业部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-14);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020010)

Evaluation method of late spring coldness tolerance in wheat

LIU Fang-Fang(), WAN Ying-Xiu, CAO Wen-Xin, LI Yao, ZHANG Qi-Qi, LI Yan, ZHANG Ping-Zhi()   

  1. Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • Received:2022-02-14 Accepted:2022-05-05 Published:2022-05-19 Published online:2022-05-19
  • Contact: ZHANG Ping-Zhi
  • Supported by:
    Joint Research of Wheat Variety Improvement of Anhui(2021);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-3-2-14);Science and Technology Major Special Project of Anhui Province(202003a06020010)

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摘要：

倒春寒是造成小麦减产的重要因素, 培育抗倒春寒品种是重要育种目标。为了明确小麦倒春寒抗性鉴定的适宜处理条件, 建立倒春寒抗性评价方法, 本研究选用倒春寒抗性差异明显的6个品种进行不同发育时期和不同温度处理, 以死茎率作为评价指标, 筛选小麦倒春寒抗性鉴定最适处理条件, 并用120份小麦品种(系)对该方法进行验证。结果表明, 死茎率随温度降低和发育进程推进总体呈升高趋势。药隔期-6℃下处理6 h, 品种间死茎率差异最明显, 是进行倒春寒抗性鉴定的最适处理条件。验证试验表明该处理条件能有效区分120份小麦品种(系)的倒春寒抗性, 聚类分析将120份小麦品种分成极强、强、中等、弱、极弱5类, 根据分类结果建立了小麦倒春寒抗性评价标准。本研究为开展小麦倒春寒抗性鉴定和抗性品种培育提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 倒春寒, 分级标准, 抗性评价方法

Abstract:

Sensitivity to late spring coldness can result in considerable yield loss in wheat, and the breeding cold-resistant cultivar becomes an important breeding objective. In order to investigate the suitable treatment conditions for late spring coldness tolerance and to establish an evaluation method for the resistance to late spring coldness in wheat, six cultivars with different late spring coldness tolerance were used for different temperature treatments at different developmental stages based on the dead stem rate. The optimum treatment conditions had been revealed and validated with 120 varieties (lines). The results showed significant differences in the dead stem rate was observed at anther connective formation phase (ACFP) under -6℃ after 6 h stress treatment, which was the most suitable treatment condition for the identification of resistance to late spring coldness. Furthermore, the variation in late spring coldness tolerance among 120 wheat varieties (lines) could be effectively distinguished from the treatment conditions. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 120 wheat varieties (lines) can be divided into five categories in the resistance to late spring coldness: highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible, and highly susceptible. The established evaluation standard of late spring coldness in wheat will provide technical support for the identification and breeding of resistant wheat varieties in late spring coldness.

Key words: wheat, late spring coldness, ranked standard, resistance evaluation method

表1

试验材料及抗性水平"

序号
Number		 品种
Cultivar		 倒春寒抗性
Late spring coldness tolerance
1 济麦22 Jimai 22 抗 Resistant
2 烟农19 Yannong 19 中等 Moderately resistant
3 郑州8329 Zhengzhou 8329 敏感 Susceptible
4 皖麦50 Wanmai 50 敏感 Susceptible
5 郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 敏感 Susceptible
6 西安8号 Xi’an 8 敏感 Susceptible

表2

低温处理设计"

时期
Stage		 温度 Temperature (℃) 时间
Time (h)
0 -2 -4 -6 -7 -8 -10
雌雄蕊分化期 Pistil and stamen primordia differentiation stage √ √ √ √ 6
药隔形成期 Anther connective tissue formation stage √ √ √ √ √
四分体期 Tetrad formation stage √ √ √ √
抽穗期 Heading stage √ √ √ √
开花期 Anthesis stage √ √ √ √

表3

不同处理下6个品种的死茎率"

时期
Stage		 温度
Temperature
(℃)		 品种Variety 均值
Mean
济麦22
Jimai 22		 烟农19
Yannong 19		 郑州8329
Zhengzhou 8329		 皖麦50
Wanmai 50		 郑麦366
Zhengmai 366		 西安8号
Xi’an 8
雌雄蕊分化期
Pistil and stamen primordia differentiation stage		 -4 0.00±0.00 a 0.09±0.08 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.06±0.04 a 0.02 a
-6 0.00±0.00 a 0.17±0.07 c 0.00±0.00 a 0.44±0.07 c 0.00±0.00 a 0.21±0.04 b 0.18 b
-8 0.52±0.05 b 0.85±0.08 c 0.21±0.08 a 0.81±0.08 c 0.79±0.018 c 0.87±0.04 c 0.68 c
-10 0.72±0.04 a 0.94±0.02 c 0.71±0.07 a 0.89±0.06 bc 0.88±0.04 a 0.90±0.01 b 0.84 d
药隔形成期
Anther connective tissue formation stage		 -4 0.00±0.00 a 0.17±0.06 b 0.03±0.03 a 0.21±0.10 bc 0.18±0.06 bc 0.33±0.12 c 0.16 a
-6 0.08±0.06 a 0.30±0.10 b 0.04±0.02 a 0.78±0.12 d 0.55±0.08 c 0.60±0.11 cd 0.39 b
-7 0.70±0.08 a 0.96±0.08 bc 0.61±0.13 a 0.83±0.13 b 0.80±0.18 b 1.00±0.00 c 0.83 c
-8 0.87±0.08 ab 0.93±0.05 ab 0.78±0.17 a 0.97±0.05 b 0.93±0.12 ab 0.97±0.05 b 0.91 d
-10 0.94±0.02 a 1.00±0.00 a 0.87±0.12 a 1.00±0.00 a 1.00±0.00 a 1.00±0.00 a 0.97 e
四分体期
Tetrad formation stage		 -2 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00 a
-4 0.17±0.05 a 0.34±0.09 b 0.16±0.10 a 0.34±0.02 b 0.30±0.09 b 0.29±0.13 b 0.26 b
-6 0.80±0.08 ab 1.00±0.00 c 0.72±0.09 a 0.81±0.10 ab 0.79±0.06 ab 0.85±0.13 b 0.83 c
-8 1.00±0.00 a 1.00±0.00 a 0.92±0.11 a 1.00±0.00 a 1.00±0.00 a 1.00±0.00 a 0.99 d
抽穗期
Heading stage		 0 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00 a
-2 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00 a
-4 0.09±0.06 a 0.08±0.04 a 0.09±0.05 a 0.30±0.08 b 0.06±0.05 a 0.31±0.10 b 0.15 b
-6 0.96±0.04 ab 0.92±0.05 ab 0.92±0.09 ab 0.99±0.02 b 0.90±0.07 a 0.97±0.02 ab 0.94 c
开花期
Anthesis stage		 0 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00 a
-2 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00 a
-4 0.17±0.07 ab 0.18±0.07 ab 0.15±0.07 ab 0.21±0.06 a 0.22±0.15 b 0.18±0.08 ab 0.17 b
-6 1.00±0.00 b 1.00±0.00 b 1.00±0.00 b 0.96±0.13 a 0.94±0.13 a 1.00±0.00 b 0.92 c

图1

-4℃和-6℃低温处理下6个品种在不同发育时期死茎率散点图 A：6个品种在-4℃低温下的死茎率散点图; B：6个品种在-6℃低温下的死茎率散点图; PSPDP：雌雄蕊分化期; ACFP：药隔期; TFP：四分体期; HP：抽穗期; AP：开花期; JM：济麦22; YN：烟农19; ZZ：郑州8329; ZM：郑麦366; WM：皖麦50; XA：西安8号。"

表4

120个小麦品种(系)的死茎率"

编号
No.		 品种
Accession		 死茎率
Dead stem rate		 编号
No.		 品种
Accession		 死茎率
Dead stem rate		 编号
No.		 品种
Accession		 死茎率
Dead stem rate
1 矮抗58 Aikang 58 0.48 41 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 0.26 81 20XDQK31 0.22
2 矮早781 Aizao 781 0.23 42 郑7698 Zheng 7698 0.50 82 20XDQK32 0.15
3 安科1303 Anke 1303 0.38 43 郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 0.58 83 20XDQK33 0.41
4 安科157 Anke 157 0.25 44 郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023 0.38 84 20XDQK34 0.28
5 安农0711 Annong 0711 0.25 45 郑州8329 Zhengzhou 8329 0.04 85 20XDQK35 0.28
6 百农207 Bainong 207 0.35 46 中麦578 Zhongmai 578 0.21 86 20XDQK36 0.27
7 泛麦5号 Fanmai 5 0.48 47 中麦895 Zhongmai 895 0.53 87 20XDQK37 0.26
8 丰德存麦5号 Fengdecunmai 5 0.22 48 周麦18 Zhoumai 18 0.58 88 20XDQK38 0.70
9 恒进麦8号 Hengjinmai 8 0.61 49 周麦36 Zhoumai 36 0.54 89 20XDQK39 0.56
10 华成3366 Huacheng 3366 0.43 50 紫麦19 Zimai 19 0.72 90 20XDQK40 0.47
11 淮麦18 Huaimai 18 0.12 51 20XDQK1 0.00 91 20XDQK41 0.36
12 淮麦20 Huaimai 20 0.24 52 20XDQK2 0.44 92 20XDQK42 0.47
13 淮麦30 Huaimai 30 0.21 53 20XDQK3 0.08 93 20XDQK43 0.05
14 淮麦33 Huaimai 33 0.07 54 20XDQK4 0.05 94 20XDQK44 0.57
15 淮麦40 Huaimai 40 0.16 55 20XDQK5 0.00 95 20XDQK45 0.29
16 淮麦45 Huaimai 45 0.00 56 20XDQK6 0.11 96 20XDQK46 0.82
17 济麦22 Jimai 22 0.10 57 20XDQK7 0.74 97 20XDQK47 0.49
18 济麦44 Jimai 44 0.48 58 20XDQK8 0.52 98 20XDQK48 0.66
19 济南17 Jinan 17 0.45 59 20XDQK9 0.12 99 20XDQK49 0.22
20 连麦2号 Lianmai 2 0.00 60 20XDQK10 0.05 100 20XDQK50 0.20
21 明麦1号 Mingmai 1 0.45 61 20XDQK11 0.03 101 20XDQK51 0.15
22 青农3号 Qingnong 3 0.34 62 20XDQK12 0.52 102 20XDQK52 0.18
23 瑞华麦516 Ruihuamai 516 0.74 63 20XDQK13 0.08 103 20XDQK53 0.37
24 瑞华麦520 Ruihuamai 520 0.52 64 20XDQK14 0.32 104 20XDQK54 0.17
25 山农20 Shannong 20 0.20 65 20XDQK15 0.17 105 20XDQK55 0.54
26 石家庄8号 Shijiazhuang 8 0.30 66 20XDQK16 0.08 106 20XDQK56 0.00
27 天益科5号 Tianyike 5 0.30 67 20XDQK17 0.17 107 20XDLYQK1 0.91
28 皖垦麦0622 Wankenmai 0622 0.10 68 20XDQK18 0.19 108 20XDLYQK2 0.18
29 皖麦50 Wanmai 50 0.80 69 20XDQK19 0.00 109 20XDLYQK3 0.36
30 皖麦52 Wanmai 52 0.30 70 20XDQK20 0.41 110 20XDLYQK4 0.27
31 未来0818 Weilai 0818 0.72 71 20XDQK21 0.06 111 20XDLYQK5 0.27
32 西农511 Xinong 511 0.26 72 20XDQK22 0.70 112 20XDLYQK6 0.23
33 新麦18 Xinmai 18 0.38 73 20XDQK23 0.00 113 20XDLYQK7 0.15
34 新麦26 Xinmai 26 0.73 74 20XDQK24 0.13 114 20XDLYQK8 0.30
35 宿553 Su 553 0.50 75 20XDQK25 0.09 115 20XDLYQK9 0.47
36 徐农029 Xunong 029 0.22 76 20XDQK26 0.00 116 20XDLYQK10 0.17
37 烟农19 Yannong 19 0.36 77 20XDQK27 0.19 117 20XDLYQK11 0.33
38 烟农5158 Yannong 5158 0.22 78 20XDQK28 0.50 118 20XDLYQK12 0.16
39 烟农999 Yannong 999 0.50 79 20XDQK29 0.37 119 20XDLYQK13 0.48
40 偃展4110 Yanzhan 4110 0.33 80 20XDQK30 0.67 120 20XDLYQK14 0.85

表5

120个小麦品种(系)倒春寒抗性聚类分析"

项目
Item		 聚类 Cluster
I II III IV V
中心值 Cluster center 0.05 0.21 0.35 0.51 0.75
范围 Range 0.00-0.13 0.15-0.28 0.29-0.41 0.43-0.61 0.66-0.91
品种(系)数目 Number of accessions 25 35 20 27 13

表6

小麦倒春寒抗性评价标准"

倒春寒抗性
Late spring coldness tolerance		 死茎率
Dead stem rate		 等级
Resistance level
极强 Highly resistant ≤0.13 1
强 Resistant 0.14-0.28 2
中等 Moderately resistant 0.29-0.42 3
弱 Susceptible 0.43-0.65 4
极弱 Highly susceptible ≥0.66 5

图2

药隔期不同抗性级别小麦植株的冻害表现 A: 对照, 不处理; B: 1极强; C: 2强; D: 3中等; E: 4弱; F: 5极弱。"

图3

50个推广品种和70个省区试材料不同抗性等级分布频率 RWV50：50个推广品种; RTA70：70个省区试材料。"

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