苗期喷施外源物质对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的调控效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55002

作物学报

• •

苗期喷施外源物质对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的调控效应

杨书婷¹，何盛浩²，赵碧云²，贺嘉²，刘晶¹，杨梦瑶¹，陈爱武³，王晶¹，赵杰¹，蒯婕¹，汪波¹，徐正华^1,*，周广生¹

1 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070; 2 荆门市气象局, 湖北荆门 448000; 3 湖北省油菜办公室, 湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-07-09 接受日期:2025-07-09
通讯作者: 徐正华, E-mail: xzh@mail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
本研究由湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB028), 华中农业大学自主科技创新项目(2023ZKPY007)和湖北省揭榜挂帅项目(HBZY2023B001-01)资助。

Effects of spraying exogenous substances at seedling stage on cold resistance and yield of late-seeded rapeseed during overwintering

YANG Shu-Ting¹, HE Sheng-Hao², ZHAO Bi-Yun², HE Jia², LIU Jing¹, YANG Meng-Yao¹, CHEN Ai-Wu³, WANG Jing¹, ZHAO Jie¹, KUAI Jie¹, WANG Bo¹, XU Zheng-Hua^1,*, ZHOU Guang-Sheng¹

1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Jingmen Meteorological Bureau, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China; 3 Hubei Rapeseed Office, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09
Contact: 徐正华, E-mail: xzh@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2023BBB028), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2023ZKPY007) and the Hubei Provincial Project (HBZY2023B001-01).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻-稻-油是长江流域主要种植模式之一，但晚稻、再生稻与油菜茬口矛盾突出，导致油菜播种期推迟。迟播条件下，油菜常因冬前有效积温下降、叶片数少、干物质积累量不足、抗倒伏能力下降，导致籽粒产量低而不稳。喷施外源物质是一种快速高效、省工节本的调控技术，可以提高油菜的抗倒伏性及产量。本研究以华油杂137为试验材料，于苗期分别喷施5种不同浓度的外源物质：0.5、1.0、1.5 mg L^?1的三十烷醇(A1、A2、A3)，10、20、40 mg L^?1的赤霉素(B1、B2、B3)，10、20、30 mg L^?1的复硝酚钠(C1、C2、C3)，10、20、30 mg L^?1的6-苄基腺嘌呤(D1、D2、D3)及12.5、25、50 mg L^?1的烯效唑(E1、E2、E3)，以清水处理(CK)作为对照，研究苗期喷施外源物质对迟播油菜抗寒性及产量的影响。结果表明：(1) 综合2年的产量、农艺性状及抗寒相关指标等得出，对迟播油菜抗寒性、抗倒伏能力及产量具有显著促进作用的外源物质及浓度为：30 mg L^?1的复硝酚钠、30 mg L^?1的6-苄基腺嘌呤、40 mg L^?1的赤霉素和1.0 mg L^?1的三十烷醇。与对照相比，30 mg L^?1的复硝酚钠处理的2年产量均最高，分别比CK增产14.4%、12.9%。30 mg L^?1的复硝酚钠、30 mg L^?1的6-苄基腺嘌呤和40 mg L^?1的赤霉素处理均可显著提高迟播油菜苗期、蕾薹期、花期的单株叶面积，增加各生育期的干物质积累量。(2) 1.0 mg L^?1的三十烷醇和30 mg L^?1的6-苄基腺嘌呤处理显著增加了茎秆抗折力，降低了倒伏角度，提高了迟播油菜的抗倒伏能力。(3) 1.0 mg L^?1的三十烷醇、40 mg L^?1的赤霉素、30 mg L^?1的复硝酚钠处理可显著增加越冬期油菜叶片中可溶性糖含量，提高抗氧化酶活性，减少活性氧积累和丙二醛含量，提高越冬期的抗寒性。本研究可为长江流域迟播油菜抗逆稳产提供技术支撑。

关键词: 油菜, 迟播, 叶面喷施, 外源物质, 产量, 抗寒性

Abstract:

The rice–rice–rapeseed rotation is one of the predominant cropping systems in the Yangtze River Basin. However, competition among late-season rice, ratoon rice, and rapeseed often delays the sowing of rapeseed. This postponement reduces the effective accumulated temperature before winter, resulting in fewer leaves, limited dry matter accumulation, and weakened lodging resistance, ultimately leading to low and unstable seed yields. The foliar application of exogenous substances is a rapid, efficient, and labor-saving agronomic strategy that can enhance lodging resistance and improve yield in rapeseed. In this study, the cultivar Huayouza 137 was used as the experimental material. Five types of exogenous substances were applied at the seedling stage (four-leaf stage) in varying concentrations: triacontanol (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg L^?1; A1, A2, A3), gibberellin (10, 20, 40 mg L^?1; B1, B2, B3), compound sodium nitrophenolate (10, 20, 30 mg L^?1; C1, C2, C3), 6-benzyladenine (10, 20, 30 mg L^?1; D1, D2, D3), and uniconazole (12.5, 25, 50 mg L^?1; E1, E2, E3). Water treatment was used as the control (CK). Yield and its components, lodging-related traits, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities during the overwintering period were evaluated. The results indicated the following: (1) Based on two years of data on yield, agronomic traits, and cold resistance indicators, the exogenous treatments that significantly enhanced cold tolerance, lodging resistance, and yield in delayed-sowing rapeseed were 30 mg L^?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate, 30 mg L^?1 6-benzyladenine, 40 mg L^?1 gibberellin, and 1.0 mg L^?1 triacontanol. Among these, 30 mg L^?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate consistently produced the highest yield in both years, increasing by 14.4% and 12.9% compared to the control. Treatments with 30 mg L^?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate, 30 mg L^?1 6-benzyladenine, and 40 mg L^?1 gibberellin significantly increased leaf area per plant at the seedling, budding, and flowering stages, and improved dry matter accumulation at each stage. (2) Application of 1.0 mg L^?1 triacontanol and 30 mg L^?1 6-benzyladenine significantly enhanced stem strength, reduced lodging angle, and improved lodging resistance in delayed-sowing rapeseed. (3) Treatments with 1.0 mg L^?1 triacontanol, 40 mg L^?1 gibberellin, and 30 mg L^?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate significantly increased soluble sugar content in overwintering leaves, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced ROS levels and malondialdehyde content, thereby improving cold tolerance during winter. This study provides a technical basis for enhancing stress resistance and ensuring stable yields of delayed-sowing rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: rapeseed, late-seeded, foliar spraying, exogenous substances, yield, cold resistance

杨书婷, 何盛浩, 赵碧云, 贺嘉, 刘晶, 杨梦瑶, 陈爱武, 王晶, 赵杰, 蒯婕, 汪波, 徐正华, 周广生. 苗期喷施外源物质对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

YANG Shu-Ting, HE Sheng-Hao, ZHAO Bi-Yun, HE Jia, LIU Jing, YANG Meng-Yao, CHEN Ai-Wu, WANG Jing, ZHAO Jie, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, XU Zheng-Hua, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Effects of spraying exogenous substances at seedling stage on cold resistance and yield of late-seeded rapeseed during overwintering[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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苗期喷施外源物质对迟播油菜越冬期抗寒性及产量的调控效应

Effects of spraying exogenous substances at seedling stage on cold resistance and yield of late-seeded rapeseed during overwintering

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