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甘蓝型油菜响应碱胁迫的基因表达差异分析

赵慧霞1,**，郭彦丽2,**，郑渝泠1，何棱1，陈锐1，王珊珊1，曾长立1，邹珺3,4，沈金雄3,4，傅廷栋3，刘小云1,* ，万何平1,*   

  1. 1 江汉大学生命科学学院, 湖北武汉 430056; 2 天津农学院园艺园林学院, 天津 300384; 3 华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070; 4 湖北国科高新技术有限公司, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-08-13 接受日期:2025-08-13 网络出版日期:2025-08-18
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201700)，作物遗传改良全国重点实验室开放基金项目(ZK202403)和国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20469)资助。

Differential gene expression analysis of response to alkaline salt stress in Brassica napus L.

ZHAO Hui-Xia1,**,GUO Yan-Li2,**,ZHENG Yu-Ling1,HE Ling1,CHEN Rui1,WANG Shan-Shan1,ZENG Chang-Li1,ZOU Jun3,4,SHEN Jin-Xiong3,4,FU Ting-Dong3,LIU Xiao-Yun1,*,WAN He-Ping1,*   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China; 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; 3 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 4 Wuhan Guoxin High tech Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published online:2025-08-18
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1201700), the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Open Fund (ZK202403), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20469).

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摘要：

为了研究碱胁迫条件下不同油菜材料的差异表达基因，为耐碱油菜品种选育和耐碱胁迫的分子机制探究提供参考，本研究选取耐碱油菜华油杂62 (H62)和不耐碱油菜中双11改良系(ZS11)为试验材料，设置对照和0.10% Na2CO3胁迫处理，利用RNA-Seq技术对萌发期的地上部和地下部的基因表达进行分析，通过生物信息学方法对差异基因的生物学功能和代谢途径进行研究，筛选可能参与碱胁迫调控的基因，了解油菜萌发期响应碱胁迫的分子机制。结果表明，与对照相比，0.10% Na2CO3胁迫下H62和ZS11地上部和地下部生长均显著受到抑制。转录组分析显示，在0.10% Na2CO3胁迫处理下，H62和ZS11地下部分别筛选出1860个和6358个上调表达基因，以及952个和6747个下调表达基因；H62和ZS11地上部分别筛选出3776个和5385个上调表达基因，以及1336个和3051个下调表达基因。ZS11的地上部与地下部差异表达基因(deferentially expressed genes, DEGs)数量均显著多于H62，尤其是地下部差异更大。GO和KEGG富集分析显示，2个品种中的DEGs显著富集于不同的GO功能与KEGG通路，表明其响应机制存在差异。H62主要通过谷胱甘肽代谢、醛固酮代谢、丙酮酸盐代谢、三羧酸循环和类黄酮合成等通路响应碱胁迫。ZS11碱胁迫后，离子通路、钾离子跨膜转运、ABC转运因子、DNA复制和蛋白酶体等通路发生显著变化。本研究通过建立耐碱/敏感油菜品种(系)的特异性转录调控图谱，揭示油菜萌发期耐碱胁迫的核心代谢通路及品种(系)特异性调控机制，为耐碱种质创制提供了关键候选基因和理论依据。

关键词: 油菜, 碱胁迫, 转录组分析, 差异表达基因, 谷胱甘肽代谢

Abstract:

To investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the alkali stress response and to provide insights for breeding alkali-tolerant rapeseed varieties, we selected the alkali-tolerant cultivar Huayouza 62 (H62) and the alkali-sensitive improved line Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both were subjected to treatment with 0.10% Na?CO?. RNA-Seq technology was employed to analyze gene expression in shoots and roots during the germination stage. Bioinformatics tools were used to explore the biological functions and metabolic pathways of DEGs, aiming to identify genes potentially involved in alkali stress regulation and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms during rapeseed germination. The results showed that 0.10% Na?CO? stress significantly inhibited shoot and root growth in both H62 and ZS11 compared to the control. Transcriptome profiling revealed that, under this stress condition, 1860 and 6358 genes were up-regulated, while 952 and 6747 genes were down-regulated in the roots of H62 and ZS11, respectively. In shoots, 3776 and 5385 up-regulated genes, along with 1336 and 3051 down-regulated genes, were identified in H62 and ZS11, respectively. Notably, ZS11 exhibited a substantially larger number of DEGs than H62, especially in the roots. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs in the two varieties were significantly enriched in distinct GO terms and KEGG pathways, reflecting divergent molecular responses. In H62, DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways such as glutathione metabolism, aldosterone metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In contrast, ZS11 showed significant enrichment in pathways related to ion transport, potassium transmembrane transport, ABC transporters, DNA replication, and the proteasome. Overall, this study establishes a transcriptional regulatory landscape for alkali-tolerant and alkali-sensitive rapeseed lines, identifies key metabolic pathways and genotype-specific regulatory mechanisms during germination under alkali stress, and provides valuable candidate genes and a theoretical foundation for developing alkali-tolerant germplasm.

Key words: Brassica napus L., alkali stress, transcriptome analysis, differentially expressed genes, glutathione metabolism

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