种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01226

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在67 500株 hm^-2、90 000株hm^-2和112 500株hm^-2等3个种植密度条件下，研究了密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米品种登海701产量和群体光合特性的影响。结果表明，随密度增加，籽粒产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合有效辐射(PAR)上层截获率、群体光合(CAP)和群体呼吸(CR)、干物质积累量均提高；而叶绿素含量、穗位叶层和下层PAR截获率则降低。在67 500株 hm^-2下，宽窄行与等行距处理相比无显著优势。但在90 000株 hm^-2和112 500株 hm^-2密度下，80 cm+40 cm行距处理的产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量、穗位叶层的PAR截获率、花后群体光合速率(CAP)平均值均显著高于其他行距处理(等行距、70 cm+50 cm和90 cm+30 cm)；而群体呼吸速率与光合速率的比值(CR/TCAP)则显著低于其他行距处理。说明在较高密度条件下，80 cm+40 cm的宽窄行配置有助于扩大光合面积、增加穗位叶层的光合有效辐射、提高群体光合速率、减少群体呼吸消耗，从而提高籽粒产量。

关键词: 玉米, 密度, 行距配置, 光分布, 群体光合

Abstract:

With different plant population densities (6.75´10⁴, 9.00´10⁴, and 11.25´10⁴ plants ha^-1), the effects of the deneity and row spacing on grain yield and canopy apparent photosynthesis were studied in this article. The results were as follows: with the increase of planting density, grain yield, leaf area index (LAI) and capture efficiency of photosynthestically active radiation(PAR) in upper leaf layer, as well as canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and canopy respiration (CR) and dry matter quantity increased accordantly; but, chlorophyll content and capture efficiency of PAR in the middle and lower layers of canopy decreased. Within different row spacing treatments, the wide-narrow row spacing were not superior to the uniform one significantly at 6.75´10⁴ plants ha^-1. However, at 9.00´10⁴ and 11.25´10⁴ plants ha^-1, grain yield, LAI, chlorophyll content, capture efficiency of PAR in middle leaf layer and average rate of CAP after anthesis in row spacing of “80 cm+40 cm” were remarkably higher than those in other three row spacings (uniform, 70 cm + 50 cm, 90 cm + 30 cm); while CR/TCAP (ratio of canopy respiration to total canopy apparent photosynthesis) in row spacing of ’80 cm+40 cm’ was the lowest, compared to the others. From the above, it was suggested that at higher plant density the row spacing of ’80 cm+40 cm’ could enlarge photosynthetic area, enhance PAR in middle leaf layer, increase CAP, reduce CR and improve grain yield.

Key words: Corn, Planting density, Row spacing, Light distribution, Canopy apparent photosynthesis

杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,李耕,董树亭,张吉旺,王敬锋. 种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(07): 1226-1233.

YANG Ji-Shun, GAO Hui-Yuan, LIU Peng, LI Geng, DONG Shu-Ting, ZHANG Ji-Wang, WANG Jing-Feng. Effects of Planting Density and Row Spacing on Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis of High-Yield Summer Corn[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(07): 1226-1233.

参考文献

[1] Zhao S-L(赵松岭), Li F-M(李凤民), Zhang D-Y(张大勇), Duan S-S(段舜山). Crop production is a population process. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 1997, 17(1): 100-104 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[2] Li C-H(李潮海), Su X-H(苏新宏), Sun D-L(孙敦立). Ecophysiological characterization of different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under mono- or inter-cropping conditions. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2002, 22(12): 2096-2103 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3] Dong S-T(董树亭), Hu C-H(胡昌浩), Yue S-S(岳寿松), Wang Q-Y(王群瑛), Gao R-Q(高荣岐), Pan Z-L(潘子龙). The characteristics of canopy photosynthesis of summer corn and its relation with canopy structure and ecological conditions. J Plant Ecol (植物生态学报), 1992, 16(4): 372-379 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4] Li S-K(李少昆), Wang C-T(王崇桃). The methods of obtaining and expressing information of crop plant shape and population structure. J Shihezi Univ (Nat Sci)(石河子大学学报自然科学版), 1997, 1(3): 250-256 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5] Chen G-P(陈国平), Wang R-H(王荣焕), Zhao J-R(赵久然). Analysis on yield structural model and key factors of maize high-yield plots. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2009, 17(4): 89-93 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6] Yang G-H(杨国虎), Li X(李新), Wang C-L(王承莲), Luo X-N(罗湘宁). Study on effects of plant densities on the yield and the related characters of maize hybrids. Acta Agric Boreali-Occident Sin (西北农业学报), 2006, 15(5): 57-60 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[7] Shen X-Y(沈秀瑛), Dai J-Y(戴俊英), Hu A-C(胡安畅), Gu W-L(顾慰连), Zheng B(郑波). Studies on relationship among character of canopy light interception and yield in maize populations (Zea mays L.). Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1993, 19(3): 246-252 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8] Wang Q-X(王庆祥), Gu W-L(顾慰连), Dai J-Y(戴俊英). Effect of population autoregulation on yield in maize.Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1987, 13(4) : 281-287 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9] Xu H-Y(徐恒永), Zhao J-S(赵君实). Canopy photosynthesis capacity and the contribution from different organs in high-yielding winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin(作物学报), 1995, 21(2): 204-209 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10] Andrade F H, Calvino P, Cirilo A, Barbieri P. Yield responses to narrow rows depend on increased radiation interception. Agron J, 2002, 94: 975-980

[11] Reta-Sanchez D G, Fowler J L. Canopy light environment and yield of narrow-row cotton as affected by canopy architecture. Agron J, 2002, 94: 1317-1323

[12] Sharratt B S, Mcwilliams D A. Microclimatic and rooting characteristics of narrow-row versus conventional-row corn. Agron J, 2005, 97: 1129-1135

[13] Li M (李猛), Cai Z-X(蔡宗兴), Wan M-C(万明长), Luo F-X(罗福贤). Effect of different planting methods on yield of maize. Guizhou Agric Sci (贵州农业科学), 1999, 27(suppl): 53 (in Chinese)

[14] Wu Z-H(武志海), Zhang Z-A(张治安), Chen Z-Y(陈展宇), Xu K-Z(徐克章). Researched on characteristics of canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristic of maize planting in double lines at one width ridge. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2005, 13(4): 62-65 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15] Yang K-J(杨克军), Xiao C-L(萧常亮), Li M (李明), Li Z-H(李振华). Study on the influence of cultivation methods and community construction to growth and yield of corn. J Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ (黑龙江八一农垦大学学报), 2005, 17 (4): 9-12 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16] Zou J-B(邹吉波). Technique of the alternately planting of the broad line and narrow line in corn cultivation. J Anhui Agric Sci (安徽农业科学), 2006, 34(9): 1824-1826 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17] Arnon D I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiol, 1949, 24: 1-15

[18] Dong S-T(董树亭), Gao R-Q(高荣岐), Hu C-H(胡昌浩), Wang Q-Y(王群瑛), Wang K-J(王空军). Study of canopy photosynthesis property and high yield potential after anthesis in maize. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1997, 23(3): 318-325 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19] Li M (李明), Li W-X(李文雄). Regulation of fertilizer and density on sink and source traits and yield of maize. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(8): 1130-1137 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20] Liang Y(梁熠), Qi H(齐华), Wang J-Y(王敬亚), Bai X-L(白向历), Wang X-B(王晓波), Liu M(刘明), Meng X-H(孟显华), Xu J (许晶). Effects of growth and yield of maize under wide and narrow row cultivation. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2009, 17(4): 97-100 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21] Du M-W(杜明伟), Luo H-H(罗宏海), Zhang Y-L(张亚黎), Yao Y-D(姚炎帝), Zhang W-F(张旺锋),Xia D-L(夏东利), Ma L(马丽), Zhu B(朱波). Photosynthesis characteristics of super-high-yield hybrid cotton in Xinjiang. Sci Agric Sin(中国农业科学), 2009, 42(6): 1952-1962 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[22] Zhao D-C(赵殿忱), Chen Y(陈渊). Cultivation techniques with high density in wide-narrow ridge of soybean. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture(农业系统科学与综合研究), 2000, 16(1): 45-49 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23] Fan H-M(范厚明), Yu L(余莉),Yu H-M(余慧明). Effect of different planting methods on growth and yield of maize. Guizhou Agric Sci (贵州农业科学), 2003, 31(4): 25-26 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24] Lu X-Z(陆雪珍), Shen X-F(沈雪芳), Shen C-B(沈才标), Xu X-M(徐晓梅). Study on yields and correlated characters of waxy corn under different planting densities. Acta Agric Shanghai (上海农业学报), 2008, 24(2): 61-64 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[25] Qi H-Y(祁红彦), Zhou G-S(周广胜), Xu Z-Z(许振柱). Vertical distribution characteristics of photosynthetically active radiation in maize canopy and its controlling factors. J Meteorol Environ (气象与环境学报), 2008, 24(1): 22-26 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[26] Jin J(金剑), Liu X-B(刘晓冰), Wang G-H(王光华), Zhang Q-Y(张秋英), Stephen J.H. Eco-physiological characters of high yielding population in soybean. Chin J Oil Crop Sci (中国油料作物学报), 2003, 25(3): 109-112 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27] Zhao S-J(赵双进), Zhang M-C(张孟臣), Yang C-Y(杨春燕), Wang W-X(王文秀). Effect of culture factors on growth and yield of soybean: I. Effect of sowing date, density, space in row and plant space on yield. Chin J Oil Crop Sci (中国油料作物学报), 2002, 24(12): 29-32 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28] Yang L-H(杨利华), Zhang L-H(张丽华), Zhang Q-G(张全国), Yao Y-R(姚艳荣), Jia X-L(贾秀领), Ma R(马瑞). Effect of row spacing pattern on yield and plant height uniformity in highly- densed summer maize. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2006, 14(6): 122-124 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29] Lü L-H(吕丽华), Wang P(王璞), Lu L-Q(鲁来清). The relationship of source-sink for yield form in summer maize under different canopy structure. J Maize Sci (玉米科学), 2008, 16(4): 66-71 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30] Yang K-J(杨克军), Li M(李明), Li Z-H(李振华). Effect of cultivation way and community construction on material accumulation and yield formation of frigid corn. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2005, 21(11): 157-160 (in Chinese with English abstract)

相关文章 15

[1]	肖颖妮, 于永涛, 谢利华, 祁喜涛, 李春艳, 文天祥, 李高科, 胡建广. 基于SNP标记揭示中国鲜食玉米品种的遗传多样性[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1301-1311.
[2]	崔连花, 詹为民, 杨陆浩, 王少瓷, 马文奇, 姜良良, 张艳培, 杨建平, 杨青华. 2个玉米ZmCOP1基因的克隆及其转录丰度对不同光质处理的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1312-1324.
[3]	王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[4]	杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[5]	陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[6]	徐田军, 张勇, 赵久然, 王荣焕, 吕天放, 刘月娥, 蔡万涛, 刘宏伟, 陈传永, 王元东. 宜机收籽粒玉米品种冠层结构、光合及灌浆脱水特性[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1526-1536.
[7]	单露英, 李俊, 李亮, 张丽, 王颢潜, 高佳琪, 吴刚, 武玉花, 张秀杰. 转基因玉米NK603基体标准物质研制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1059-1070.
[8]	许静, 高景阳, 李程成, 宋云霞, 董朝沛, 王昭, 李云梦, 栾一凡, 陈甲法, 周子键, 吴建宇. 过表达ZmCIPKHT基因增强植物耐热性[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 851-859.
[9]	刘磊, 詹为民, 丁武思, 刘通, 崔连花, 姜良良, 张艳培, 杨建平. 玉米矮化突变体gad39的遗传分析与分子鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 886-895.
[10]	李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[11]	闫宇婷, 宋秋来, 闫超, 刘爽, 张宇辉, 田静芬, 邓钰璇, 马春梅. 连作秸秆还田下玉米氮素积累与氮肥替代效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 962-974.
[12]	徐宁坤, 李冰, 陈晓艳, 魏亚康, 刘子龙, 薛永康, 陈洪宇, 王桂凤. 一个新的玉米Bt2基因突变体的遗传分析和分子鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 572-579.
[13]	宋仕勤, 杨清龙, 王丹, 吕艳杰, 徐文华, 魏雯雯, 刘小丹, 姚凡云, 曹玉军, 王永军, 王立春. 东北主推玉米品种种子形态及贮藏物质与萌发期耐冷性的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 726-738.
[14]	渠建洲, 冯文豪, 张兴华, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 基于全基因组关联分析解析玉米籽粒大小的遗传结构[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 304-319.
[15]	张倩, 韩本高, 张博, 盛开, 李岚涛, 王宜伦. 控失尿素减施及不同配比对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(1): 180-192.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed