光氮互作对烟草气体交换和部分碳氮代谢酶活性及品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以烤烟品种豫烟5号为材料, 采用4种光照强度和3种氮素水平的复因子盆栽试验, 分析了不同光照强度和氮素水平及其互作对烤烟气体交换参数、碳氮代谢酶活性及其品质指标的调控效应。结果表明, 遮阴降低了烤烟叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)以及干物质积累量, 但胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)升高；光氮互作效应对光合生理指标有显著影响, 在遮阴引起烤烟叶片光合速率下降的情况下, 氮素的施用可以提高光合效率, 促进干物质积累, 但过量氮素会产生反馈抑制。遮阴使转化酶(INV)活性降低, 但充足的氮素营养能够促进碳代谢。硝酸还原酶(NR)活性随施氮量的增加而升高, 中、低氮处理的NR活性高峰出现在移栽后45 d, 高氮处理则出现在移栽后60 d, 表明氮代谢转向碳代谢的时间推后。随光强减弱和施氮量增加烟碱、总氮含量上升, 碳水化合物含量下降, 总体上呈现氮代谢强于碳代谢的趋势。光氮互作效应主要表现为：在同一氮素水平下减弱光照(本试验70%光照强度)和在弱光条件下增施氮肥(本试验N2, 每盆3.5 g), 能够有效地改善烟株的光合性能, 促进体内碳氮代谢平衡, 有利于光合产物的积累和优良品质的形成。

关键词: 光强, 氮素, 烤烟, 光合, 碳氮代谢, 品质

Abstract:

As a main nutritive element of tobacco, nitrogen not only plays an important role in protection against light stress, but also impacts on the balance of carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The combination of proper light intensity and nitrogen application could improve the utilization of light energy and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco. The objectives of this study were to reveal the interaction effects of light intensity and nitrogen application on gas exchange parameters, some enzyme activities in carbon-nitrogen metabolism and chemical composition and to investigate the optimum combination of light and nitrogen in tobacco growth. Flue-cured tobacco Yuyan 5 was used in a pot experiment in 2008, with the treatments of light intensity (four levels) and nitrogen supply (three treatments). The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) and the amount of dry matter accumulation reduced under shading, but the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) increased. Light, nitrogen and their interactions had a significant influence on photosynthetic physiology indicators of flue-cured tobacco. The decline in photosynthetic rate caused by shading could be effectively improved by appropriate application of nitrogen so that the photosynthetic capability and the dry matter accumulation of tobacco could be promoted, but over-application of nitrogen had a negative influence on photosynthetic efficiency. With increasing the rate of nitrogen, the activity of nitrate reductase increased and reached the maximum at 40 days after transplant for N1, N2, and 60 days after transplant for N3, showing that the nitrogen metabolism was postponed. The results also showed that the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine increased with increasing the rate of shading and nitrogen, but the content of carbohydrate reduced. Generally, the nitrogen metabolism was likely stronger than the carbon metabolism. Light, nitrogen and their interactions had a significant influence on flue-cured tobacco. The combination of 70% of natural light intensity and proper application of nitrogen (N2, 3.5 g per pot in this experiment) could improve the photosynthetic capability and the balance of carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation and the quality in flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: Light intensity, Nitrogen, Flue-cured tobacco(Nicotinna tobacun L), Photosynthesis, Carbon-nitrogen metabolism, Quality

云菲，刘国顺，史宏志. 光氮互作对烟草气体交换和部分碳氮代谢酶活性及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(3): 508-516.

YUN Fei, LIU Guo-Shun*,SHI Hong-Zhi. Interaction Effects of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Supply on Gas Exchange, Some Enzyme Activities in Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Quality in Flue-Cured Tobacco[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(3): 508-516.

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