不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同种植方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的干物质及光合生产特征，以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种类型水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料，对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，(1)不同种植方式水稻产量与总干物质积累量和抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著正相关，与拔节至抽穗期的干物质积累量(在确保抽穗期干物质积累量适宜的前提下)也呈极显著正相关，与播种至拔节期干物质积累量和收获指数相关不显著；(2)群体干物重拔节前无明显差异，拔节后均是手栽稻最高，机插稻次之，直播稻最小，并随生育进程差异越来越大，而单茎干物重整个生育期都是手栽稻最大，直播稻最小；(3)阶段干物质积累上，播种至拔节期差异较小，拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期都是手栽稻极显著高于机插稻，机插稻极显著高于直播稻，占总干物重的比例播种至拔节期手栽、机插、直播依次增大，拔节至抽穗期大体相当，抽穗至成熟期依次降低；(4)干物质分配上，成熟期穗和茎干物重占总干物重的比例手栽、机插、直播依次降低，而叶和鞘的比例依次增大，但叶的比例在孕穗、抽穗、蜡熟3个时期手栽、机插、直播依次降低；(5)物质输出和转化上，叶、茎物质输出率和转化率手栽、机插、直播依次降低，且蜡熟期后茎都有物质回运现象，手栽回运的最多，直播最少；鞘物质输出率相当，转化率手栽和机插低于直播；(6)光合生产上，拔节前不同种植方式水稻叶面积指数相当，光合势手栽、机插、直播依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率依次增大；拔节至抽穗期，光合势也是依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率差异较小；抽穗期有效叶面积率不同种植方式水稻间没有明显差异，而高效叶面积率手栽极显著高于机插，机插又极显著高于直播；抽穗以后，叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率均是手栽最大，直播最小。说明不同种植方式水稻干物质和光合生产有各自特征，与机插稻和直播稻相比，手栽稻前期物质积累量适宜，中后期物质积累量显著高，干物质总量大而且分配合理，运输转化效率高，抽穗后光合生产能力强。

关键词: 水稻, 种植方式, 高产栽培, 干物质生产特征, 光合生产特征

Abstract: To explore the characteristics of dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice under different planting methods in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River, with early-maturing late japonica rice, late–maturing medium japonica rice and medium-maturing medium japonica rice (including japonica conventional rice and japonica hybrid rice) as materials, we compared the dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and leaf area, photosynthetic potential (PP), crop growth rate(CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of rice by using precisionartificial transplanting with middle and strong seedlings grown in dry nursery (ATR), mechanical transplanting with small seedlings (MTR) and direct seeding (DSR). Results showed that: (1) Rice yield by using different planting methods was significantly positively correlated with totaldry matter accumulation at maturity, dry matter accumulationfrom headingto maturity, and dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading under the premise of ensuring the dry matter accumulation appropriate at heading, but not with dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and the harvest index. (2) For dry matter weight of population, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods before jointing, after jointing ATR was the highest, followed by MTR, DSR was the lowest, and the difference was increasing with the growing process. However, the dry matter weight per stem of ATR was the highest, while that of DSR was the lowest in the whole growth period. (3) For dry matter accumulation at different stages, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods from sowing to jointing, but ATR was significantly higher than MTR, MTR was significantly higher than DSR at the stages from jointingto headingand from heading tomaturity. The ratio to total dry matter weight increased in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR from sowing to jointing, there was no many difference among them from jointing to heading, and reduced in turn for them from heading to maturity. (4) For dry matter distribution, the dry matter weight ratio of panicle and stem to total plant at maturity reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and that of leaf and sheath increased in turn for them. However,the ratio ofleaf at booting, heading and waxy ripe stages reduced in turn for them. (5) For dry matter export and transformation, the export rate and transformation rate of leaf and stem reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the matter was transportedback in stem after waxy stage, the amount of matter transportedback for ATR was most, while that for DSR was least. The export rate in sheath was no many difference in generally, but the transformation rate for ATR and MTR was lower than that for DSR. (6) For photosynthetic production, before jointing, the leaf area index was generally no many difference for three planting methods, the PPreduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the CGR and NAR increased in turn. From jointing to heading, the PP also reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, but there was no significant difference for CGR and NAR. The leaf area rate of productive tillers at heading had no significant difference among different planting methods, but the leaf area rate from flag leaf to 3rd leaf of ATR was significantly higher than that of MTR, and MTR was significantly higher than that of DSR. After heading, the leaf area index, PP, CGR and NAR of ATR were the highest, while those of DSR were the lowest. The results suggested that dry matter and photosyntheticproduction of rice with different planting methods have their own characteristics. Compared to MTR and DSR, ATR has the advantages that the dry matter accumulation is appropriate in the early stage and significantly higher in the middle and late stage, so the total dry matter accumulation is significantly higher and its distribution is reasonable, the export and transformation rate is high, and the photosynthetic production capacity is great after heading.

Key words: Rice, Planting method, High-yielding cultivation, Characteristics of dry matter production, Characteristics of photosynthetic production

李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(07): 1235-1248.

LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,CHANG Yong,GONG Jin-Long,GUO Zhen-Hua,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GAO Hui. Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Rice with Different Planting Methods under High-Yielding Cultivation Condition[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(07): 1235-1248.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01235

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I07/1235

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