土壤砷对大豆主要性状及叶绿素含量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设置土壤加砷的大豆盆栽试验，测定大豆株高、结荚期与鼓粒期的叶绿素含量和大豆成熟收获后的生物量。结果表明，当土壤砷含量达50 mg kg^–1时，大豆表现明显的中毒症状，植株矮化，叶色暗绿，叶片皱缩，成熟延迟。大豆株高随土壤加砷量增加而降低，高砷量也显著减少大豆生物量，加砷量达100 mg kg^–1时，大豆株高、茎叶生物量、地上生物量、籽粒产量和总生物量分别下降45.0%、36.6%、44.6%、56.1%和43.4%。高砷量增加根系与地上、茎叶与地上生物量的比值，降低籽粒与地上、籽粒与茎叶、籽粒与总生物量的比值。土壤加砷量对大豆结荚期叶绿素含量无显著影响，但是高砷量显著降低大豆结荚期叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值。土壤加砷量为50 mg kg^–1和100 mg kg^–1时，大豆鼓粒期的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素分别增加120.4%和96.1%、112.2%和91.5%、117.8%和94.5%、104.4%和83.7%，同时，结荚期与鼓粒期叶绿素含量的比值显著降低。由此可见，土壤中高砷含量对大豆植株有毒害作用，影响大豆生物量的分配，降低大豆地上生物量和籽粒产量，改变叶绿素的构成。相对增加生长后期叶绿素的含量可能是大豆成熟延迟的重要原因。

关键词: 土壤砷, 大豆, 株高, 生物量, 叶绿素

Abstract:

Arsenic is ubiquitous in environment and has high toxicity to animal and plant. Investigating the effects of arsenic on plant growth is important for the recognition of the toxic mechanism of arsenic to plant and the food safety. To understand the relationship between soil arsenic pollution and plant growth, we conducted a soil pot experiment using a soybean variety with adding different amounts of arsenic into soil, in which the soybean growth condition was observed and the plant height, chlorophyll content at podding and grain filling stages and the biomass after harvest were determined. The results showed that visible symptom of arsenic toxicity to soybean was dwarfing of plants, dark green and crimpled leaves, retarded maturity when soil arsenic addition was up to 50 mg kg^–1. The soybean plant height decreased and the soybean biomass significantly reduced when high soil arsenic contents. The soybean plant height, soybean stem biomass, aerial part biomass, grain yield and the total soybean biomass decreased by 45.0%, 36.6%, 44.6%, 56.1%, and 43.4%, respectively, in the treatments of 100 mg kg^–1 of arsenic. High soil arsenic amounts increased the biomass ratios of roots to aerial parts and stem grains to aerial parts, but decreased the ratios of grains to aerial parts, grains to stems and grains to total biomass. Soil arsenic amounts had no significant effects on chlorophyll content in soybean leaf but decreased the ratio of Chl a to Chl b at podding stage. At grain filling stage, 50 and 100 mg kg^-1 arsenic treatments increased 120.4% and 96.1% of Chl a, 112.2% and 91.5% of Chl b, 117.8% and 94.5% of total chlorophyll and 104.4% and 83.7% of carotenoid content, respectively. High soil arsenic amounts reduced the ratio of chlorophyll content at podding stage to that at grain filling stage significantly. In conclusion, high soil arsenic amounts are toxic to soybean growth, affect the allocation of soybean biomass, and decrease the biomass of aerial parts and grains yield. The important reason of the retardation of soybean maturity is the constitutional alteration of chlorophyll in soybean leaf and the relative increment of chlorophyll content in soybean leaves during later growing stage by high soil arsenic amounts.

Key words: Soil arsenic, Soybean (Glycine max), Plant height, Biomass, Chlorophyll

李海波,杨兰芳,李亚东. 土壤砷对大豆主要性状及叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(07): 1303-1308.

LI Hai-Bo,YANG Lan-Fang,LI Ya-Dong. Effects of Soil Arsenic on Soybean Main Traits and Chlorophyll Content at Different Growing Stage[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(07): 1303-1308.

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