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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 2055-2064.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02055

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯连作地健康株与病株根区土壤微生态特性比较

陈杰1,郭天文2,谭雪莲2,朱渭兵3,魏晓丽1,王东胜1,薛泉宏1,*   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌712100; 2甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070; 3杨凌金薯种业科技有限公司, 陕西杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-14 修回日期:2013-06-09 出版日期:2013-11-12 网络出版日期:2013-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 薛泉宏, E-mail: xuequanhong@163.com, Tel: 13474173220
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW-2009-20)资助。

Comparison of Microecological Characterization in Rhizosphere Soil between Healthy and Un-healthy Plants in Continuous Cropping Potato Fields

CHEN Jie1,GUO Tian-Wen2,TAN Xue-Lian2,ZHU Wei-Bing3,WEI Xiao-Li1,WANG Dong-Sheng1,XUE Quan-Hong1,*   

  1. 1 College of Resources and the Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; 2 Dryland Agriculture Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3 Yangling Jinshu Sweet Potato Seed Technology Limited, Yangling 712100, China
  • Received:2013-01-14 Revised:2013-06-09 Published:2013-11-12 Published online:2013-08-12
  • Contact: 薛泉宏, E-mail: xuequanhong@163.com, Tel: 13474173220

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摘要：

为探索甘肃省连作马铃薯健康生长的微生态机制，采用常规养分分析法测定了健康株与病株根区土壤中速效氮磷钾含量，稀释平皿涂抹法测定土壤放线菌数量，琼脂块法筛选拮抗放线菌；16S rRNA序列分析法鉴定优势放线菌，发酵液抑菌试验检测优势放线菌灭癌素链霉菌(S. gancidicus)对马铃薯病原真菌的抑菌作用。结果表明，在连作4年的田中：马铃薯病株根区土壤的速效P、K含量分别较健株低29.9%、12.5%，铵态氮含量较健株高24.1%。在高氏1号培养基上，病株根区土壤中放线菌总数、小单孢菌及未鉴定放线菌数量较健株分别减少51.1%、83.0%及53.9%；腐植酸琼脂培养基上，病株根区土壤中放线菌总数、链霉菌数量较健株分别减少46.0%、46.7%。在病、健株根区土壤中，对4株靶标真菌的拮抗潜势SAAP值均病株小于健株。健株根区土壤中的优势放线菌为灭癌素链霉菌(S. gancidicus)，该菌对4株马铃薯常见土传病原真菌立枯丝核菌(R. solani)、茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)、硫色镰刀菌(F. sulphureum)及大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)均有抑制作用；病株根区土壤中的优势放线菌为加利利链霉菌(S. galilaeus)，该菌为马铃薯疮痂病致病菌。由此可知，保持连作马铃薯健康生长的根区土壤微生态特征是，高量磷钾及低量氮的速效养分组合，较多放线菌且拮抗放线菌的拮抗潜势较大，优势放线菌为有益菌。

关键词: 马铃薯, 连作, 土壤养分, 放线菌, 微生态机制

Abstract:

To explore the microecological mechanism of healthy plant growth in continuous potato fields in Gansu Province, China, we measured contents of available soil nitrogen (NH4+-N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) using conventional soil nutrient analytic methods, abundance of soil actinomycetes using serial dilution and plating techniques, and screened antagonistic actinomycetes from obtained actinomycete isolates using the agar block method. The selected dominant actinomycetes were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and the inhibitory effect of one dominant actinomycete, Streptomyces gancidicus, was tested using culture filtrate. Results showed that in the four-year continuous potato field, available soil P and K contents in the rhizosphere of diseased plants were respectively 29.9% and 12.5% lower than those of healthy plants, whereas soilNH4+-N content in the rhizosphere of diseased plant was 24.1% higher than that of healthy plant. Compared with those fromthe rhizosphere of healthy plants, the number of soil actinomycetes, Micromonospora, and unidentified actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of diseased plants cultured with the Gause1 medium decreased by 51.1%, 83.0%, and 53.9%, respectively, whereas the number of soil actinomycetes and Streptomyces from the rhizosphere of diseased plants cultured with the Humic Acid medium decreased by 46.0% and 46.7%, respectively. The soil actinomycetes antagonistic potentiality (SAAP) of actinomycetes with antagonistic effects on thefour pathogenic fungi of potato were lower in the rhizosphere of diseased plants than in the rhizosphere of healthy plants. S. gancidicus and S. galilaeus were found dominant in the rhizosphere of healthy and diseased plants, respectively. In conclusion, the microecology of rhizosphere soil that supports healthy plant growth in the continuous potato field is mainly characterized by: available nutrient combination of abundant P and K with relatively poor N contents; and a larger number of soil actinomycetes than that of diseased plants, with the numerically dominant actinomycetes showing beneficial antagonistic effect on several common soil-borne pathogenic fungi.

Key words: Potato, Continuous cropping, Soil nutrient, Actinomycetes, Microecological mechanism

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