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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 149-156.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00149

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

不同小麦品种产量对冬前积温变化的响应

吕丽华,梁双波,张丽华,贾秀领*,董志强,姚艳荣   

  1. 农业部华北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站 / 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所, 河北石家庄 050035
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-03 修回日期:2015-09-06 出版日期:2016-01-12 网络出版日期:2015-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 贾秀领, E-mail: jiaxl2005@aliyun.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由河北省财政项目博士基金项目(F14E055609)和国家公益性行业科研专项(201203100)资助。

Yield in Response to Accumulated Temperature before Winter in Winter Wheat

LÜ Li-Hua,LIANG Shuang-Bo,ZHANG Li-Hua,JIA Xiu-Ling*,DONG Zhi-Qiang,YAO Yan-Rong   

  1. Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
  • Received:2015-03-03 Revised:2015-09-06 Published:2016-01-12 Published online:2015-09-16
  • Contact: 贾秀领, E-mail: jiaxl2005@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:

    This research was supported by Finance Project for Doctoral Fund of Hebei Province (F14E055609) and Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203100).

摘要:

为确定河北省中部地区小麦品种适播期,筛选耐迟播品种,2011年秋至2014年夏在河北藁城采用播期×品种二因子裂区试验,研究了不同播期对当地12个主栽小麦品种产量的影响以及不同品种对冬前积温的响应。结果表明,播期对小麦产量有显著影响;不同品种对播期响应差异明显,分为迟钝型、中间型和迟播敏感型。迟钝型品种对播期不敏感,适播期长,冬前≥0℃积温范围为324~560℃,迟播后穗数和产量稳定;中间型品种适播期较长,积温范围为362~566℃,迟播后粒数增加,穗数和产量降低;迟播敏感型品种对播期敏感,适播期较短,积温大于511℃,不宜晚播,晚播后穗数和产量明显下降。在试验地区,推荐小麦适播期为迟钝型品种10月7日至22日、中间型品种10月7日至19日、敏感型品种10月5日至10日。

关键词: 小麦品种, 播期, 产量, 积温

Abstract:

The purposes of this study were to recommend optimal sowing dates of commercial wheat cultivars in middle part of Hebei province, China and screen out wheat cultivars acclimatized to late sowing. A field experiment was carried out with split plot design (main plot of sowing date and subplot of cultivar) in Gaocheng of Hebei province from Autumn 2011 to Summer 2014 to evaluate the effect of sowing date on 12 major cultivars and the response of cultivars to accumulated temperature before winter. The results showed that sowing date had significant influence on grain yield, and the 12 cultivars had different responses to sowing date. According to yield changing rate subject to late sowing, the 12 cultivars were classified into insensitive, intermediate, and sensitive types. Insensitive cultivars showed stable spike number and yield under late sowing condition, indicating a wide range of preferred sowing date. The desired accumulated temperature before winter was 324–560 °C. Intermediate cultivars also had a long period of sowing date with 362–566 °C before winter. Late sowing resulted in the increase of grain number but the decreases of spike number and yield in intermediate cultivars. Sensitive type had a narrow range of sowing date and was not suitable for late sowing, because at least 511 °C before winter was required. Late sowing resulted in obvious declines of spike number and yield in sensitive cultivars. In the middle part of Hebei province, we recommend that the optimal sowing time in wheat production is Oct. 7–22 for insensitive cultivars, Oct. 7–19 for intermediate cultivars, and Oct. 5–10 for insensitive cultivars.

Key words: Winter wheat, Sowing date, Yield, Accumulated temperature, Cultivar

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