欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 751-757.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00751

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响

殷文**,冯福学**,赵财,于爱忠,柴强*,胡发龙,郭瑶   

  1. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院，甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-07 修回日期:2016-03-02 出版日期:2016-05-12 网络出版日期:2016-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 柴强, E-mail: chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31360323)，国家公益性行业(农业)科研项目(201503125-3)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)资助。

Effects of Wheat Straw Returning Patterns on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Yield of Rotation Maize

YIN Wen**,FENG Fu-Xue**,ZHAO Cai,YU Ai-Zhong,CHAI Qiang*,HU Fa-Long,GUO Yao   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou
  • Received:2015-11-07 Revised:2016-03-02 Published:2016-05-12 Published online:2016-03-11
  • Contact: Chai Qiang, E-mail: chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (31360323), t the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503125-3), and National Key Technology Support Program of China (2012BAD14B10).

RichHTML

PDF

1598

被引次数

20

摘要：

研究茬口对轮作作物的产量贡献及干物质积累与分配规律的影响，对于优化作物高产高效栽培理论和技术具有重要意义。本研究在甘肃河西绿洲灌区，通过田间试验，研究了前茬小麦不同秸秆还田方式(25 cm高茬收割免耕, NTSS; 25 cm高茬等量秸秆覆盖免耕, NTS; 25 cm高茬等量秸秆翻压, TIS; 低茬收割翻耕, CT)对轮作玉米干物质积累和分配及产量的影响，以期为该区前茬小麦轮作玉米生产模式提供优化依据。结果表明，与CT相比，NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米抽穗后干物质的积累量，两年平均高4.8%~12.7%，NTS较NTSS、TIS具有更高的干物质累积作用；NTSS、NTS、TIS可提高玉米叶、茎、鞘对籽粒的贡献率，提高幅度平均为12.8%~25.0%、6.3%~11.3%、18.3%~78.4%，其中NTS较NTSS、TIS提高作用更突出。NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米的籽粒产量，增幅为11.3%~17.5%，其中NTS两年籽粒产量最高，分别达到13 470 kg hm-2和13 274 kg hm-2，较TIS高5.6%~9.0%；穗粒数增加是小麦秸秆还田提高轮作玉米产量的主要原因。同时NTS获得较高的收获指数，提高比例为6.4%~8.4%，说明NTS较其他处理增产的另一原因是提高了收获指数。本研究表明，其前茬小麦秸秆覆盖结合免耕(NTS)可作为绿洲灌区优化后茬玉米干物质累积规律及获得高产的理想耕作措施。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 轮作, 干物质分配, 产量, 收获指数

Abstract:

Research on the response of dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of crops to previous straw returning usually plays an important role for optimizing cropping systems. In this investigation, a field experiment was carried out in typical oasis irrigation region, to determine the characteristics of dry matter distribution and yield of rotated maize with four previous wheat straw treatments, including 25 cm no tillage with straw standing (NTSS); 25 cm no tillage with straw covering (NTS); 25 cm tillage with straw incorporation (TIS); and conventional tillage (CT). The results showed that, compraed with CT,NTSS, NTS, TIS significantly increased dry matter accumulation by an average of 4.8% to 12.7% after maize heading stage in two years; and improved contribution rate to grain yield (i.e. GCR) of maize by an average of 12.8% to 25.0% from leaf, 6.3% to 11.3% from stem, and 18.3% to 78.4% from sheath, respectively. especially, NTS had more improvement than NTSS, TIS. The grain yield of maize was 11.3% to 17.5% higher in the three straw returning treatments than in CT check. NTS exhibited the most significant effect opf improving yield, reaching 13 470 and 13 274 kg ha-1 in two study years, which was 5.6% to 9.0% higher than that of TIS due to the increase of kernel number per spike. Meanwhile, NTS had the best effect on increasing harvest index, which was increased by 6.4% to 8.4% during the two study years,and redulted in a high grain yield. Our results showed that NTS treatment is recommended as thebest feasible cultural method to optimize dry matter accumulation, distribution and obtain high yield for rotated maize in the oasis irrigation region.

Key words: Straw returning, Rotation, Dry matter distribution, Yield, Harvest index

[1] 戴景瑞, 鄂立柱. 我国玉米育种科技创新问题的几点思考. 玉米科学, 2010, 18(1): 1–5
Dai J R, E L Z. Scientific and technological innovation of maize breeding in China. Maize Sci, 2010, 18(1): 1–5 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 卢秉林, 包兴国, 张久东, 胡志桥, 杨新强, 曹卫东, 杨文玉, 李全福. 河西绿洲灌区玉米与绿肥间作模式对作物产量和经济效益的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2014, (2): 67–71
Lu B L, Bao X G, Zhang J D, Hu Z Q, Yang X Q, Cao W D, Yang W Y, Li Q F. Effects of different intercropping systems of corn and green manure on crop yield and economic benefit in Hexi Oasis Irrigation. China Soils Fert, 2014, (2): 67–71 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] G??b T, ?cigalska B, ?abuz B. Effect of crop rotation on the root system morphology and productivity of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm). J Agric Sci, 2014, 152: 642–654
[4] Grandy A S, Porter G A, Erich M S. Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 2002, 66: 1311–1319
[5] 李明, 李文雄. 玉米产量形成与源库关系. 玉米科学, 2006, 14(2): 67–70
   Li M, Li W X. Relationship between maize yield formation and source-sink. Maize Sci, 2006, 14(2): 67–70 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] Monneveux P, Quillerou R, Sanchez1 C, Lopez-Cesati J. Effect of zero tillage and residues conservation on continuous maize cropping in a subtropical environment. Plant Soil, 2006, 279: 95–105
[7] Sun H Y, Shao L W, Liu X W, Miao W F, Chen S Y, Zhang X Y. Determination of water consumption and the water-saving potential of three mulching methods in a jujube orchard. Eur J Agron, 2012, 43: 87–95
[8] 杨国虎, 李建生, 罗湘宁, 王承莲. 干旱条件下玉米叶面积变化及地上干物质积累与分配的研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(5): 27–32
Yang G H, Li J S, Luo X N, Wang C L. Studies on leaf area change and above-ground dry material accumulation and distribution of maize in different droughts. J Northwest A&F Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2005, 33(5): 27–32 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] Bidinger F, Musgrave R, Fischer R. Contribution of stored pre-anthesis assimilate to grain yield in wheat and barley. Nature, 1977, 270: 431–433
[10] 骆兰平, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽, 石玉. 土壤水分和种植密度对小麦旗叶光合性能和干物质积累与分配的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1049–1059
Luo L P, Yu Z W, Wang D, Zhang Y L, Shi Y. Effects of planting density and soil moisture on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1049–1059 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 李青军, 张炎, 胡伟, 孟凤轩, 冯广平, 胡国智, 刘新兰. 氮肥运筹对玉米干物质积累、氮素吸收分配及产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 755–760
    Li Q J, Zhang Y, Hu W, Meng F X, Feng G P, Hu G Z, Liu X L. Effects of nitrogen management on maize dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and distribution and maize yield. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 755–760 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 农梦玲, 魏贵玉, 李伏生. 不同时期根区局部灌溉对玉米干物质积累和水氮利用的影响. 玉米科学, 2012, 20(5): 115–120
Nong M L, Wei G Y, Li F S. Effect of partial root-zone irrigation at different growth stages on dry mass accumulation and water and nitrogen use of maize. Maize Sci, 2012, 20(5): 115–120 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 李利利, 张吉旺, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 赵斌, 杨今胜. 不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累转运与分配特性. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1080–1087
Li L L, Zhang J W, Dong S T, Liu P, Zhao B, Yang J S. Characteristics of accumulation, transition and distribution of assimilate in summer maize varieties with different plant height. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1080–1087 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] Monneveux P, Quillerou E, Sanchez1 C, Lopez-Cesati J. Effect of zero tillage and residues conservation on continuous maize cropping in a subtropical environment. Plant Soil, 2006, 279: 95–105
[15] Roldan A, Carabaca F, Hernandez M T, Garcia C, Sanchez-Brito C, Velasquez M, Tiscareno M. No-tillage, crop residue additions and legume cover cropping effects on soil quality characteristics under maize in Patzcuaro watershed (Mexico). Soil Till Res, 2003, 72: 65–73
[16] Sekhon N, Hira G, Sidhu A, Thind S. Response of soybean (Glycine max Mer.) to wheat straw mulching in different cropping seasons. Soil Use Manage, 2005, 21: 422–426
[17] 李静静, 李从锋, 李连禄, 丁在松, 赵明. 苗带深松条件下秸秆覆盖对春玉米土壤水温及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1787–1796
Li J J, Li C F, Li L L, Ding Z S, Zhao M. Effect of straw mulching on soil temperature, soil moisture and spring maize yield under seedling strip subsoiling. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1787–1796 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 朱自玺, 方文松, 赵国强, 邓天宏, 付祥军. 麦秸和残茬覆盖对夏玉米农田小气候的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2000, 18(2): 19–24
Zhu Z X, Fang W S, Zhao G Q, Deng T H, Fu X J. Effects of straw and residue mulching on microclimate of summer corn field. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2000, 18(2): 19–24 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] Chai Q, Yu J H, Yin W, Zhao C, Hu F L, Gan Y T. Integrated double-mulching practices optimizes soil temperature and improves soil water utilization in arid environments. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium for Farming Systems Design. Mentpellier, France: European Society for Agronomy, 2015. pp 31–32
[1] 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[2] 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462.
[3] 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[4] 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[5] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[6] 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545.
[7] 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[8] 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247.
[9] 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[10] 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[11] 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961.
[12] 闫宇婷, 宋秋来, 闫超, 刘爽, 张宇辉, 田静芬, 邓钰璇, 马春梅. 连作秸秆还田下玉米氮素积累与氮肥替代效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 962-974.
[13] 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571.
[14] 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666.
[15] 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2