作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1802-1816.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01802
陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,任红茹,梁健,张洪程,霍中洋
CHEN Meng-Yun, LI Xiao-Feng, CHENG Jin-Qiu, REN Hong-Ru, LIANG Jian, ZHANG Hong-Cheng,HUO Zhong-Yang*
摘要:
以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳5055和南粳46为材料,在总施纯氮量为300 kg hm-2条件下,设置9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6共6种基蘖肥与穗肥比例运筹,探讨秸秆全量还田与不同氮肥运筹比例对机插优质食味水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆全量还田具有显著的增产效应,南粳5055、南粳46平均增产5.04%、4.64%;随基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例下降,秸秆全量还田机插粳稻产量呈先增后减趋势,基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,水稻产量最高。秸秆全量还田显著增加了稻米的蛋白质含量,降低了垩白率和垩白度,对改善稻米的外观品质和营养品质有一定作用。秸秆全量还田还有利于蒸煮食味品质的改善,显著提高稻米的崩解值和食味值,显著降低稻米的消减值。提高穗肥占总施氮量的比例可以显著改善稻米的加工和营养品质,提高整精米率,但同时增加了稻米垩白,降低了稻米外观品质,且稻米蒸煮食味品质也有所下降。
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