淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01681

作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1681-1693.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01681

淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响

韩超,许方甫,卞金龙,徐栋,裘实,赵晨,朱盈,刘国栋,张洪程(),魏海燕()

扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2018-03-31 接受日期:2018-08-20 出版日期:2018-11-12 网络出版日期:2018-09-03
通讯作者: 张洪程,魏海燕
基金资助:
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);扬州大学拔尖人才计划;江苏省农业三新工程(SXGC[2017]294)

Effects of Mechanical Planting Methods on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste and Different Growth Durations in Huaibei Region

Chao HAN,Fang-Fu XU,Jin-Long BIAN,Dong XU,Shi QIU,Chen ZHAO,Ying ZHU,Guo-Dong LIU,Hong-Cheng ZHANG(),Hai-Yan WEI()

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2018-03-31 Accepted:2018-08-20 Published:2018-11-12 Published online:2018-09-03
Contact: Hong-Cheng ZHANG,Hai-Yan WEI
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Grants from the National Key Research Program(2016YFD0300503);the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016344);the National Rice Industry Technology System(CARS-01-27);the Program for Scientific Elitists of Yangzhou University;the Three New Agricultural Engineering Fund of Jiangsu Province(SXGC[2017]294)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明淮北地区不同机械化种植方式对优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响, 以中熟中粳品种南粳2728和南粳505, 迟熟中粳品种南粳9108和南粳3818为材料, 研究毯苗机插和机械直播两种种植方式对水稻产量及其构成因素、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累及比例、加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质、营养品质和RVA谱特征值的影响。结果表明, 相同品种, 与机械直播比, 毯苗机插产量显著提高, 因为毯苗机插条件下群体结构合理, 穗数适宜, 茎蘖成穗率高, 中后期叶面积指数大, 叶面积衰减率低, 从而其抽穗后干物质积累量和比例高。毯苗机插种植方式下的糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别增加2.3%~3.1%、1.2%~2.7%和1.8%~3.2%, 但垩白有所增加。同时营养和蒸煮食味品质中的蛋白质含量提高而直链淀粉含量降低, 胶稠度变长, 增加了淀粉RVA谱特征值中峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值, 减小消减值, 除南粳2728外, 最终黏度也均提高。相同种植方式下, 与迟熟中粳比, 中熟中粳产量极显著提高, 是因为其抽穗期和成熟期提前, 灌浆结实期日均温度、抽穗后30 d日均温度平均分别提高1.07°C和1.18°C, 所以其各生育期叶面积指数高, 结实期叶面积衰减率低, 抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和比例高。中熟中粳精米率和整精米率显著提高, 垩白有所提高, 蛋白质含量提高, 直链淀粉含量降低1.5%~5.1%, 胶稠度变长7.0~16.7 mm, 峰值黏度和崩解值提高, 最终黏度和消减值降低。因此, 淮北地区选择中熟中粳优质食味粳稻品种并配套毯苗机插方式是实现粳稻优质、高产和温光资源高效利用最佳生产模式。

关键词: 淮北地区, 机械化种植, 优质食味粳稻, 产量, 稻米品质

Abstract:

An experiment in Huaibei Region was conducted using two types of rice with different growth durations including medium-maturing medium japonica rice (MMMJ) Nanjing 2728 and Nanjing 505 and late-maturing medium japonica rice (LMMJ) Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 3818 with two treatments of mechanical transplanting with carpet seeding (MC) and mechanical direct seeding (MD) to measure yield, number of population stem and tiller, leaf area index (LAI), the amount and rate of dry matter accumulation, processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, nutritional quality, and RVA profile characteristics. For the same cultivars, the yield under MC was significantly higher than those under MD. The rational population structure, suitable panicle numbers, high percentage of productive tiller, high LAI in the middle and later periods, and low decay rate of LAI resulted in the higher amount and rate of dry matter accumulation under MC. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate under MC were 2.3%-3.1%, 1.2%-2.7%, and 1.8%-3.2% higher than those under MD, but the chalkiness under MC was enhanced, meanwhile, cooking, eating, and nutritional quality, and protein content were higher, amylose content was lower, gel consistency was longer, peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown value were higher, setback was lower, final viscosity under MC was higher than under MD except Nanjing 2728. For the same planting methods, the yield of MMMJ was significantly higher than that of LMMJ, Because the time of heading and maturity in MMMJ was earlier than that in LMMJ. And the mean daily temperature, and mean daily temperature over 30 days after heading of MMMJ were increased by 1.07°C and 1.18°C respectively. Therefore, MMMJ in LAI at each growth stage was higher, decay rate of LAI was lower, the amount and rate of dry matter accumulation during the period from heading to maturity were higher. Compared with LMMJ, MMMJ in milled rice rate and head milled rice rate were significantly higher, the chalkiness was increased a little bit, protein content was higher, amylose content was decreased by 1.5%-5.1%, gel consistency was increased by 7.0-16.7 mm, peak viscosity and breakdown value were higher, final viscosity and setback were lower. Therefore, choosing MMMJ with good taste quality combined with MC is a best production pattern to realize high quality, high yield and high use efficiency of temperature-light resources in Huaibei Region.

Key words: Huaibei region, mode of mechanized planting, good taste quality rice, yield, rice quality

韩超,许方甫,卞金龙,徐栋,裘实,赵晨,朱盈,刘国栋,张洪程,魏海燕. 淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(11): 1681-1693.

Chao HAN,Fang-Fu XU,Jin-Long BIAN,Dong XU,Shi QIU,Chen ZHAO,Ying ZHU,Guo-Dong LIU,Hong-Cheng ZHANG,Hai-Yan WEI. Effects of Mechanical Planting Methods on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste and Different Growth Durations in Huaibei Region[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(11): 1681-1693.

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生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	群体颖花数 Total spikelet number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	群体颖花数 Total spikelet number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	2016	2017
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插MC	350.44 Bb	128.8 Aa	45136.67 Aa	92.81 Aa	26.3 Aa	10.32 Aa	10.32 Aa
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播MD	392.24 Aa	112.3 Bb	44048.55 Bb	89.23 Aa	26.2 Aa	9.37 Bb	9.41 Bb
	南粳505	毯苗机插MC	342.12 Bb	130.4 Aa	44612.49 Aa	90.45 Aa	27.4 Aa	10.52 Aa	10.66 Aa
	Nanjing 505	机械直播MD	378.21 Aa	113.3 Bb	42851.20 Bb	86.13 Aa	27.2 Aa	9.53 Bb	9.61 Bb
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插MC	343.58 Bb	123.8 Aa	42535.20 Aa	91.56 Aa	24.5 Aa	9.42 Aa	9.51 Aa
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播MD	375.21 Aa	109.8 Bb	41198.06 Bb	87.99 Aa	24.3 Aa	9.05 Bb	9.12 Bb
	南粳3818	毯苗机插MC	368.38 Bb	116.3 Aa	42842.59 Aa	88.88 Aa	26.2 Aa	9.72 Aa	9.87 Aa
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播MD	396.32 Aa	106.5 Bb	42208.08 Ab	86.75 Aa	26.1 Aa	9.22 Bb	9.32 Bb
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			ns	*	*	ns	ns	**	**
品种 Cultivar (C)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
种植方式 Planting methods (PM)			**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			*	**	**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×种植方式 GDT×PM			**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C×PM			**	**	**	**	**	**	**

生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	拔节期 Jointing (×10⁴ hm^-2)	抽穗期 Heading (×10⁴ hm^-2)	成熟期 Maturity (×10⁴ hm^-2)	成穗率 Percentage of productive tiller (%)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插MC	452.23 Bb	381.67 Bb	350.44 Bb	77.49 Aa
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播MD	538.34 Aa	423.51 Aa	392.24 Aa	72.86 Ab
	南粳505	毯苗机插MC	448.37 Bb	353.88 Bb	342.12 Bb	76.30 Aa
	Nanjing 505	机械直播MD	522.30 Aa	396.70 Aa	378.21 Aa	72.41 Ab
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插MC	483.55 Bb	372.26 Bb	343.58 Bb	71.05 Aa
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播MD	558.63 Aa	432.61 Aa	375.21 Aa	67.17 Ab
	南粳3818	毯苗机插MC	496.25 Bb	395.61 Bb	368.38 Bb	74.23 Aa
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播MD	567.21 Aa	421.38 Aa	396.32 Aa	69.87 Ab
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			**	ns	ns	ns
品种 Cultivar (C)			*	**	**	**
种植方式 Planting methods (PM)			**	**	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			**	**	**	**
生育类型×种植方式 GDT×PM			**	**	**	ns
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	**	**	ns
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C×PM			**	**	**	**

生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	结实期叶面积衰减率 Decreasing rate of leaf area (LAI d^-1)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插 MC	4.16 Aa	7.86 Aa	3.51 Aa	0.0725 Ab
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播 MD	4.12 Aa	7.63 Bb	3.20 Ab	0.0761 Aa
	南粳505	毯苗机插 MC	4.11 Aa	7.83 Aa	3.46 Aa	0.0741 Ab
	Nanjing 505	机械直播 MD	4.09 Aa	7.62 Bb	3.17 Ab	0.0767 Aa
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插 MC	3.92 Aa	7.68 Aa	3.28 Aa	0.0786 Ab
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播 MD	4.02 Aa	7.41 Bb	2.96 Bb	0.0822 Aa
	南粳3818	毯苗机插 MC	4.03 Aa	7.75 Aa	3.33 Aa	0.0789 Bb
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播 MD	4.05 Aa	7.52 Bb	3.02 Bb	0.0846 Aa
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			*	*	*	**
品种 Cultivar (C)			*	**	ns	**
种植方式 Planting methods (PM)			ns	**	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			**	**	*	ns
生育类型×种植方式 GDT×PM			ns	ns	ns	**
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	ns	ns	**
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C×PM			**	ns	ns	**

生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	总生物量 Total biomass (t hm^-2)	移栽至拔节期 Transplanting to jointing		拔节期至抽穗期 Jointing to heading		抽穗期至成熟期 Heading to maturity
生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	总生物量 Total biomass (t hm^-2)	积累量Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	积累量Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	积累量Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插 MC	198.46 Aa	43.78 Bb	22.06	77.95 Aa	39.28	76.72 Aa	38.66
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播 MD	195.83 Bb	49.42 Aa	25.24	76.59 Bb	39.11	69.81 Bb	35.65
	南粳505	毯苗机插 MC	209.01 Aa	46.65 Bb	22.32	82.41 Aa	39.43	79.95 Aa	38.25
	Nanjing 505	机械直播 MD	196.12 Bb	51.32 Aa	26.17	76.95 Bb	39.24	67.83 Bb	34.59
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插 MC	190.20 Aa	48.42 Bb	25.46	70.98 Aa	37.32	70.79 Aa	37.22
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播 MD	186.12 Bb	52.50 Aa	28.21	70.81 Ab	38.05	62.79 Bb	33.74
	南粳3818	毯苗机插 MC	197.40 Aa	49.25 Bb	24.95	75.64 Aa	38.32	72.50 Aa	36.73
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播 MD	194.16 Bb	54.58 Aa	28.11	74.48 Bb	38.36	65.10 Bb	33.53
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
品种 Cultivar (C)			**	**	**	**	**	*	*
种植方式 Planting methods (PM)			**	**	**	**	ns	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
生育类型×种植方式 GDT×PM			**	**	**	**	ns	**	ns
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C×PM			**	**	**	**	**	**	**

生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	抽穗期 Heading (month/day)	成熟期 Maturity (month/day)	日均温度 Mean daily temperature (°C)	日最高温度 Daily maximum temperature (°C)	日最低温度 Daily minimum temperature (°C)	抽穗后30 d 日均温度 Mean daily temperature over 30 days after heading (°C)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插 MC	09/03	11/04	18.33	23.49	14.10	22.3
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播 MD	09/07	11/05	17.98	23.03	13.60	21.5
	南粳505	毯苗机插 MC	09/01	10/27	19.72	24.26	15.83	22.4
	Nanjing 505	机械直播 MD	09/06	11/02	18.43	23.41	14.09	21.6
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插 MC	09/08	11/03	18.22	23.23	13.85	21.4
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播 MD	09/13	11/07	17.29	22.45	12.75	20.5
	南粳3818	毯苗机插 MC	09/10	11/05	17.62	22.74	13.25	21.2
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播 MD	09/15	11/08	17.06	22.22	12.51	20.0

淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Mechanical Planting Methods on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste and Different Growth Durations in Huaibei Region

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生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	粒长 Length (mm)	粒宽 Width (mm)	长宽比 L/W	垩白米率 CGR (%)	垩白面积 CS (%)	垩白度 CD (%)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插 MC	4.516 Bb	2.589 Aa	1.74 Ab	19.65 Aa	33.37 Aa	6.56 Aa
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播 MD	4.762 Aa	2.577 Aa	1.85 Aa	15.61 Bb	31.43 Bb	4.91 Bb
	南粳505	毯苗机插 MC	4.076 Bb	2.464 Aa	1.65 Bb	20.86 Aa	35.63 Aa	7.43 Aa
	Nanjing 505	机械直播 MD	4.779 Aa	2.439 Aa	1.96 Aa	17.28 Bb	32.42 Bb	5.60 Bb
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插 MC	4.336 Bb	2.623 Aa	1.64 Ab	15.68 Aa	27.67 Aa	4.34 Aa
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播 MD	4.408 Aa	2.640 Aa	1.67 Aa	10.78 Bb	23.52 Bb	2.54 Bb
	南粳3818	毯苗机插 MC	4.349 Bb	2.726 Aa	1.60 Bb	14.64 Aa	28.18 Aa	4.13 Aa
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播 MD	4.732 Aa	2.733 Aa	1.73 Aa	9.62 Bb	24.11 Bb	2.32 Bb
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			ns	**	**	**	**	**
品种 Cultivar (C)			**	**	**	**	**	**
种植方式 Planting methods (PM)			**	**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			**	**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×种植方式 GDT× PM			ns	ns	ns	**	**	*
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C× PM			**	**	**	**	**	*

生育类型 Growth type	品种 Cultivar	种植方式 Planting method	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (cP)	热浆黏度 Trough viscosity (cP)	最终黏度 Final viscosity (cP)	崩解值 Break down (cP)	消减值 Setback (cP)
中熟中粳	南粳2728	毯苗机插 MC	2613 Aa	1275 Aa	1478 Bb	1338 Aa	-1135 Bb
MMMJ	Nanjing 2728	机械直播 MD	2451 Bb	1203 Bb	1764 Aa	1248 Bb	-687 Aa
	南粳505	毯苗机插 MC	2685 Aa	1056 Aa	1569 Aa	1629 Aa	-1116 Bb
	Nanjing 505	机械直播 MD	2337 Bb	879 Bb	1362 Bb	1458 Bb	-975 Aa
迟熟中粳	南粳9108	毯苗机插 MC	2231 Aa	1086 Aa	1708 Aa	1145 Aa	-523 Bb
LMMJ	Nanjing 9108	机械直播 MD	1956 Bb	925 Bb	1575 Bb	1031 Bb	-381 Aa
	南粳3818	毯苗机插 MC	2363 Aa	1298 Aa	2487 Aa	1065 Aa	124 Aa
	Nanjing 3818	机械直播 MD	2065 Bb	1155 Bb	2264 Bb	910 Bb	199 Ab
生育类型 Growth and development types (GDT)			**	ns	**	**	**
品种Cultivar (C)			**	**	**	**	**
种植方式Planting methods (PM)			**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×品种 GDT×C			**	*	**	**	**
生育类型×种植方式 GDT×PM			**	**	ns	ns	ns
品种×种植方式 C×PM			**	**	**	**	**
生育类型×品种×种植方式 GDT×C×PM			**	**	**	**	**