作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2490-2500.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04246
张云1(), 王丹媚1, 王孝源1, 任晴雯1, 唐可1, 张丽宇1, 吴玉环2,3, 刘鹏1,*()
ZHANG Yun1(), WANG Dan-Mei1, WANG Xiao-Yuan1, REN Qing-Wen1, TANG Ke1, ZHANG Li-Yu1, WU Yu-Huan2,3, LIU Peng1,*()
摘要:
镉(Cadmium, Cd)是一种有毒污染物, 揭示外源茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)对菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus L.)镉胁迫下光合特性及镉积累的影响, 为解决土壤重金属问题提供实践依据。以耐镉性强的榆林菊芋和耐镉性弱的成都菊芋为材料, 采用土培盆栽, 设置低、中、高3个镉浓度(75、150、300 mg kg-1), 叶面喷施25 μmol L-1 JA, 探究其对不同程度镉污染的缓解效果。结果表明, JA缓解后, 成都菊芋株高在低镉组出现最大值, 为CK组的1.26倍, 榆林菊芋株高变化较小, 二者的叶面积、根长和干重均呈上升趋势。此外, 榆林菊芋的叶绿素含量在低镉组第7天最大, 为胁迫组的1.27倍, 成都菊芋第21天才达到峰值。二者的初始荧光(F0)恢复正常, PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)大幅提升, 光化学淬灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)增加, 非光化学淬灭系数(qN)下降至对照水平。并且净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈上升曲线, 胞间CO2浓度(Ci)减小。各器官镉含量大小为根>叶>茎, 除茎部外其余组织生物富集系数都大于1, 转移系数小于1, 通过激光共聚焦显微观察发现气孔周围镉离子大量减少。综上, 施加外源JA能够提高菊芋的叶绿素含量, 保护叶绿体结构免遭破坏, 净光合速率及光合碳同化效率提升, 增加了干物质的积累, 增强植株抗镉性。JA信号减少了镉的吸收和转移, 减轻了镉毒胁迫, 这为种植菊芋修复土壤镉污染提供理论指导。
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