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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 915-928.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03033

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耐低氮性玉米品种的花后碳氮积累与转运特征

吴雅薇(), 蒲玮, 赵波, 魏桂, 孔凡磊, 袁继超*()   

  1. 四川农业大学农学院 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作实验室 / 作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-28 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 袁继超
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wyw6140@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301206);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301704);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209)

Characteristics of post-anthesis carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in maize cultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance

WU Ya-Wei(), PU Wei, ZHAO Bo, WEI Gui, KONG Fan-Lei, YUAN Ji-Chao*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture / Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-05-28 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-23
  • Contact: YUAN Ji-Chao
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301206);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301704);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300307);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300209)

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摘要：

为了探明不同耐低氮性玉米品种生育后期碳、氮物质积累与转运特性及其对氮肥响应的差异, 以期为品种高效施氮技术的制定提供理论依据。以耐低氮品种‘正红311’ (Zhenghong 311, ZH311)和低氮敏感品种‘先玉508’ (Xianyu 508, XY508)为材料, 设置4个氮肥用量(0、150、300和450 kg hm-2), 于2017—2019年研究氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种生育后期物质, 包括干物质、全氮和非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrate, NSC) 积累和转运的影响。结果表明, 供氮不足时, 玉米通过增加花前贮存碳、氮物质对籽粒的转运以保证产量。增施氮肥能够提高玉米花后干物质和碳水化合物生产及其对籽粒质量的贡献率。与低氮敏感品种先玉508相比, 在低氮条件下, 耐低氮品种正红311在花前、花后均保持较高的植株干物质、NSC和氮素量, 花后物质积累量及其对籽粒质量的贡献率更高, 从而拥有更高的籽粒产量; 品种间花前物质转运率及其对籽粒质量的贡献率差异不大。面对低氮胁迫, 正红311既保证了花前贮存物质充分向籽粒运输, 同时维持着较高的同化物积累能力来影响其产量形成。

关键词: 耐低氮性, 玉米, 干物质, 氮素, 非结构性碳水化合物

Abstract:

To understand the suitable amount of nitrogen (N) application and the potential of increasing yield and improve efficiency for the maize cultivars with different low N tolerance. The experiment was setting from 2017 to 2019, the low-N tolerant cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311 (ZH311)’ and the low-N sensitive cultivar ‘Xianyu 508 (XY508)’ were selected and four N application rates (0 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, 300 kg hm-2, and 450 kg hm-2) were set to investigate the effects of N level on carbon (C) and N accumulation and translocation in the later growth stage of different maize cultivars. The results showed that in low N environment, maize increased the C and N translocations of pre-silking to the grain to ensure the yield. Increasing the N fertilizer applications could improve the contribution rates of dry matter and carbohydrate to grain yield. Compared with XY508, ZH311 had higher accumulations of plant dry matter, N and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) of pre- and post-silking, and higher contribution rates of dry matter, N and accumulations to grain yield of post-silking, so it had higher grain yield. There was no significant difference between cultivars in the rate of dry matter, N and NSC translocation of pre-silking. In the face of low N stress, ZH 311 not only ensured the sufficient C and N translocations of pre-silking to the grain, but also maintained a higher capacity of assimilate accumulation to affect the yield formation.

Key words: low nitrogen tolerance, maize, dry matter, nitrogen, non-structural carbohydrate

图1

2017-2019年玉米全生育期(3月至7月)气象数据"

表1

2017-2019年玉米播前0~20 cm土层基础地力"

年份
Year		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolysable N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 pH
2017 1.55 10.32 110.60 11.16 131.91 5.78
2018 1.51 11.13 108.53 15.43 105.27 5.90
2019 1.23 10.66 48.22 12.84 122.07 5.46

表2

年份、品种与氮肥水平对玉米产量和碳氮物质转运、积累量影响的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 籽粒产量
Yield		 花前干物质
转运量
DRA		 花后干物质
积累量
DAA		 花前氮素
转运量
NRA		 花后氮素
积累量
NAA		 花前NSC
转运量
NSCRA		 花后NSC
积累量
NSCAA
年份 Year (Y) 630.15** 9.61** 14.86** 1913.22** 46.96** 18.99** 40.73**
品种 Cultivar (C) 111.32** 0.37 124.41** 502.68** 18.95** 127.54** 89.09**
氮肥 Nitrogen (N) 165.15** 107.02** 180.00** 27.18** 152.56** 174.83** 154.60**
Y×C 14.72** 57.38** 5.01* 908.82** 75.69** 0.44 25.00**
Y×N 17.30** 8.16** 13.82** 86.57** 46.11** 2.97* 11.42**
C×N 13.23** 10.82** 2.41* 5.97** 4.18* 20.81** 3.28*
Y×C×N 1.05 12.17** 4.14** 12.90** 19.08** 8.21** 2.14

图2

氮肥水平对耐低氮性玉米品种籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响 (A): 穗粒数; (B): 有效穗数; (C): 穗粒数; (D): 籽粒产量。多重比较仅在同一年份的2个品种间进行, 不同字母代表在 P < 0.05 水平上差异显著。"

图3

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种干物质积累的影响 多重比较仅在同一年份的2个品种间进行, 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

表3

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种吐丝后干物质转运的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮肥处理
N treatment
(kg hm-2)		 花前干物质
转运量
DRA
(×106 kg hm-2)		 花前干物质
转运率
DRR
(%)		 花后干物质
积累量
DAA
(×106 kg hm-2)		 花前干物质转运对
籽粒重的贡献率
CDRA
(%)		 收获指数
HI
2017 ZH311 0 0.93 a 17.12 a 5.47 e 14.54 a 0.52 ab
150 0.94 a 14.61 ab 6.69 c 12.34 ab 0.52 ab
300 0.53 cd 6.92 c 8.53 a 5.86 c 0.50 bc
450 0.46 d 5.77 c 8.37 a 5.19 c 0.49 c
XY508 0 0.69 bc 17.09 a 4.39 f 13.69 a 0.52 ab
150 0.76 ab 14.19 ab 5.40 e 12.31 ab 0.51 ab
300 0.74 b 12.36 b 6.20 d 10.67 b 0.53 a
450 0.47 d 7.46 c 7.07 b 6.25 c 0.49 c
2018 ZH311 0 1.35 a 15.43 ab 6.97 c 16.23 a 0.47 ab
150 1.33 a 14.44 b 7.21 c 15.59 a 0.46 b
300 0.99 b 9.96 c 7.87 b 11.14 b 0.45 b
450 0.00 e 0.00 e 9.21 a 0.00 e 0.46 b
XY508 0 0.95 b 18.32 a 5.04 e 15.23 a 0.51 ab
150 0.52 c 9.76 c 6.11 d 7.87 bc 0.46 b
300 0.31 cd 5.62 d 6.95 c 4.25 cd 0.48 ab
450 0.25 d 4.06 d 7.43 bc 3.15 de 0.53 a
2019 ZH311 0 1.03 a 22.07 b 3.59 e 22.39 a 0.49 c
150 0.41 c 7.09 d 6.36 c 6.00 b 0.49 c
300 0.00 d 0.00 e 9.23 a 0.00 c 0.46 d
450 0.00 d 0.00 e 8.00 b 0.00 c 0.46 d
XY508 0 0.92 ab 28.26 a 3.66 e 21.64 a 0.56 b
150 1.03 a 22.69 b 7.38 b 16.76 a 0.58 ab
300 0.74 b 13.14 c 8.12 b 9.39 b 0.56 b
450 0.35 c 6.42 d 7.25 b 4.17 bc 0.58 a

图4

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累的影响 多重比较仅在同一年份的2个品种间进行, 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

表4

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米吐丝后非结构性碳水化合物转运的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮肥处理
N treatment
(kg hm-2)		 花前NSC转运量
NSCRA
(t hm-2)		 花前NSC转运率
NSCRR
(%)		 花后NSC积累量
NSCAA
(t hm-2)		 花前NSC转运对
籽粒NSC贡献率
CNSCRA (%)		 NSC
收获指数
NSCHI
2018 ZH311 0 0.24 a 75.70 b 4.55 d 5.01 b 0.97 b
150 0.11 cd 50.32 c 5.25 c 2.07 c 0.96 c
300 0.01 e 10.50 d 5.90 b 0.33 d 0.94 e
450 0.00 e 0.00 e 6.49 a 0.00 d 0.92 f
XY508 0 0.21 a 94.19 a 2.83 f 7.10 a 0.98 a
150 0.16 b 75.32 b 4.11 e 3.78 b 0.97 b
300 0.15 bc 70.64 b 4.42 d 4.22 b 0.97 b
450 0.10 d 46.94 c 5.24 c 1.81 c 0.95 d
2019 ZH311 0 0.17 a 44.03 c 2.55 d 6.40 b 0.89 b
150 0.08 c 18.34 e 4.00 c 2.04 cd 0.88 b
300 0.00 d 0.00 f 5.79 a 0.00 d 0.85 c
450 0.00 d 0.00 f 5.44 a 0.00 d 0.85 c
XY508 0 0.20 a 66.25 a 2.13 d 9.44 a 0.91 a
150 0.19 a 53.97 b 3.48 c 5.23 b 0.92 a
300 0.05 c 32.73 d 4.70 b 4.18 bc 0.91 a
450 0.01 d 3.94 f 5.78 a 0.25 d 0.91 a

图5

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种氮素积累的影响 多重比较仅在同一年份的2个品种间进行, 不同字母代表在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

表5

氮肥水平对不同耐低氮性玉米品种氮素转运的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮肥处理
N treatment
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运量
NRA
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运率
NRR
(%)		 花后氮素积累量
NAA
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运对
籽粒氮素的贡献
CNRA (%)		 氮素收获
指数
NHI
2018 ZH311 0 80.14 a 67.63 a 33.01 c 70.85 a 0.70 a
150 74.92 b 63.92 b 37.91 c 66.42 a 0.69 ab
300 84.54 a 61.20 b 40.06 c 67.93 a 0.65 bc
450 52.60 c 44.81 d 70.23 a 43.09 c 0.60 de
XY508 0 42.06 d 54.03 c 32.75 c 56.92 b 0.64 c
150 34.18 e 45.43 d 55.73 b 38.10 cd 0.65 c
300 33.70 e 42.61 d 59.89 ab 36.24 d 0.63 cd
450 22.80 f 29.34 e 62.98 ab 27.86 e 0.57 e
2019 ZH311 0 19.23 bc 48.01 b 22.99 e 45.75 b 0.61 bc
150 17.39 c 35.49 c 63.40 c 21.65 d 0.63 abc
300 9.63 d 12.76 e 119.36 a 7.51 e 0.59 c
450 21.82 b 27.86 d 83.40 b 20.51 d 0.58 c
XY508 0 22.49 b 61.79 a 17.35 e 56.44 a 0.62 abc
150 20.73 bc 50.87 b 44.90 d 31.51 c 0.67 ab
300 20.09 bc 38.47 c 68.60 c 22.71 d 0.70 a
450 28.19 a 47.94 b 67.70 c 29.77 c 0.65 abc

表6

籽粒产量与花前干物质、氮素和非结构性碳水化合物转运量及花后积累量的关系"

品种
Cultivar		 籽粒产量
Yield		 有效穗数
EEN		 穗粒数
SPE		 百粒重
100-KW		 花前干物质转运量
DRA		 花后干物质积累量
DAA		 花前氮素转运量
NRA		 花后氮素积累量
NAA		 花前NSC转运量
NSCRA
ZH 311 有效穗数ENN 0.89**



穗粒数 SPE 0.80** 0.64
百粒重100-KW 0.72* 0.64 0.18
花前干物质转运量 DRA -0.30 -0.41 0.21 -0.72*
花后干物质积累量 DAA 0.87** 0.89** 0.66 0.64 -0.55
花前氮素转运量 NRA 0.62 0.39 0.88** 0.04 0.44 0.31
花后氮素积累量 NAA 0.31 0.28 -0.22 0.82** -0.72* 0.36 -0.44
花前NSC转运量 NSCRA -0.49 -0.68* 0.01 -0.72* 0.83** -0.62 0.16 -0.49
花后NSC积累量 NSCAA 0.88** 0.92** 0.72* 0.54 -0.43 0.96** 0.45 0.14 -0.63
XY 508 有效穗数 ENN 0.63



穗粒数 SPE 0.51 -0.33
百粒重 100-KW 0.82** 0.85** 0.01
花前干物质转运量 DRA -0.78* -0.28 -0.68* -0.39
花后干物质积累量 DAA 0.97** 0.67 0.43 0.85** -0.79*
花前氮素转运量 NRA 0.25 0.68* -0.53 0.73* 0.30 0.26
花后氮素积累量 NAA 0.53 0.92** -0.42 0.90** -0.04 0.58 0.88**
花前NSC转运量 NSCRA -0.74* -0.78* -0.01 -0.80** 0.65 -0.81** -0.43 -0.69*
花后NSC积累量 NSCAA 0.91** 0.68* 0.34 0.83** -0.81** 0.98** 0.24 0.58 -0.86**
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