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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 904-914.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02050

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江中下游地区常规中熟粳稻产量、品质及氮素吸收性状的相互关系分析

刘秋员1,2(), 周磊1, 田晋钰1, 程爽1, 陶钰1, 邢志鹏1, 刘国栋1, 魏海燕1,*(), 张洪程1,*()   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    2信阳农林学院农学院, 河南信阳 464000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 魏海燕,张洪程
  • 作者简介:E-mail: joss85@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);国家自然科学基金项目(31971841);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018355);江苏省农业产业技术体系专项(JATS[2018]298);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YCSL201907)

Relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

LIU Qiu-Yuan1,2(), ZHOU Lei1, TIAN Jin-Yu1, CHENG Shuang1, TAO Yu1, XING Zhi-Peng1, LIU Guo-Dong1, WEI Hai-Yan1,*(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Agricultural College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-07-20 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-15
  • Contact: WEI Hai-Yan,ZHANG Hong-Cheng
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300503);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971841);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27);Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018355);Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2018]298);Open Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology(YCSL201907)

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摘要：

于2017—2018年分别收集长江中下游地区90份和105份常规中熟粳稻品种(系)为材料, 研究各供试品种(系)的产量、稻米品质以及氮素吸收量, 对产量、品质、氮素吸收之间的相互关系进行系统分析, 以期探索长江中下游地区常规中熟粳稻产量、品质和氮素吸收协同提升途径。结果表明, 产量与千粒重、穗粒数呈极显著正相关, 与结实率呈负相关, 与有效穗数相关性不显著。穗粒数对产量的直接促进作用最大, 而有效穗数通过其他产量构成因素对产量形成的限制作用最大, 千粒重通过其他产量构成因素对产量形成的限制作用最小。总吸氮量与茎、叶、穗的干重均呈极显著正相关, 与茎、叶、穗含氮率相关性较弱, 增加茎、叶、穗的干重是增加氮素吸收量的有效途径。直链淀粉、蛋白质与稻米加工品质、外观品质以及稻米食味均存在显著的相关性, 降低直链淀粉和蛋白质含量, 有利于提升稻米食味品质, 但不利于加工品质和外观品质的改善。影响产量的关键指标千粒重、穗粒数与影响氮素吸收的关键指标茎干重、叶干重、穗干重均呈极显著正相关。直链淀粉与茎干重、叶干重、穗干重、千粒重以及穗粒数无显著相关性, 而蛋白质与茎干重、叶干重、穗干重、千粒重、穗粒数总体呈负相关。综上所述, 在直链淀粉淀粉含量相对较低的品种中, 选择生物量较大, 且穗粒数较多、千粒重较高的品种, 能够实现长江中下游地区常规中熟粳稻产量、氮素吸收以及食味品质的协同提升, 但这可能不利于加工以及外观品质的改善, 有待于进一步研究其中的平衡关系。

关键词: 产量, 氮素, 稻米品质, 粳稻

Abstract:

In 2017 and 2018, 90 and 105 inbred middle-ripe japonica rice varieties (lines) in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were collected and planted in a unified way, and grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of each variety were measured at mature stage. The relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake were analyzed, so as to clarify the coordinated improvement path of grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The results indicated that grain yield was significantly positive correlated with spikelet per panicle and 1000-grain weight, and negatively correlated with percentage of filled grains. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and the number of effective panicles. Spikelet per panicle had the greatest direct path coefficient to grain yield, the number of effective panicles had the greatest limiting effect on yield formation through other yield components, and 1000-grain weight had the least limiting effect on yield formation through other yield components. The total nitrogen uptake was significantly positive correlated with the dry matter weight of stem, leaf and panicle. Path analysis showed that increasing biomass had a positive effect on increasing nitrogen uptake. Amylose and protein were significantly correlated with rice milling quality, appearance quality and taste value. Reducing amylose and protein content was beneficial to improve eating quality, but not conducive to the improvement of milling and appearance quality. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between 1000-grain weight, spikelet per panicle, dry weight of stem, leaf and panicle. There was no significant correlation between dry weight of stem, leaf and panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet per panicle and amylose content, but they were significantly negatively correlated with protein content. To sum up, the selection of varieties with low amylose content among those with large biomass, suitable population spikelet and higher 1000-grain weight would be an effective way to realize the coordinated improvement of grain yield, nitrogen uptake and eating quality of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. However, this may not be conducive to the improvement of milling and appearance quality and it needs to be further studied.

Key words: grain yield, nitrogen, rice quality, japonica

表1

供试品种(系)清单"

年度Year 品种(系) Variety (line)
2017 JD 6602, JD 6614, JD 6619, 常软07-1, 常软07-11, 常软07-2,常软07-3, 常软07-4, 常软07-5, 常软07-6, 丰粳1606, 沪香粳165, 沪早软粳, 沪早香软1号, 沪早香软2号, 华丰1502, 华粳295, 华粳5号, 华粳8号, 淮330, 淮稻5号, 连粳11号, 连粳12号, 连粳13, 连粳13264, 连粳15, 连粳15113, 连粳7号, 南繁1604, 南繁1605, 南繁1609, 南繁1610, 南粳2728, 南粳505, 南粳5711, 南粳5833, 南粳9108, 南粳3818, 南粳5718, 宁5720, 宁9003, 宁9022, 宁9039, 宁粳040, 宁粳4号, 宁粳7号, 圣稻1647, 圣稻18-15, 圣稻18-4, 圣稻19, 圣稻20, 圣稻22, 圣稻2620, 泗15-234, 泗15-301, 泗稻14-211, 泗稻15号, 松早香1号, 苏1795, 苏粳815, 苏香粳3号, 苏秀867, 泰粳1152, 泰粳2340, 皖垦粳3号, 武4610, 武6267, 武粳004, 武育粳3号, 武运5020, 武运5051, 武运粳21, 武运粳27号, 武运粳32号, 武运粳80, 新稻22, 新科稻31, 徐36618, 徐41368, 徐稻9号, 徐农33202, 盐粳16号, 扬粳1612, 扬粳239, 扬粳3012, 扬粳3491, 扬粳5515, 扬育粳2号, 镇9471, 镇稻99
JD6602, JD6614, JD6619, Changruan 07-1, Changruan 07-11, Changruan 07-2, Changruan 07-3, Changruan 07-4, Changruan 07-5, Changruan 07-6, Fengjing 1606, Huxiangjing 165, Huzaoruanjing, Huzaoxiangruan 1, Huzaoxiangruan 2, Huafeng 1502, Huajing 295, Huajing 5, Huajing 8, Huai 330, Huaidao 5, Lianjing 11, Liangjing 12, Liangjing 13, Lianjing 13264, Lianjing 15, Lianjing 15113, Liangjing 7, Nanfan 1604, Nanfan 1605, Nanfan 1609, Nanfan 1610, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 505, Nanjing 5711, Nanjing 5833, Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 3818, Nanjing 5718, Ning 5720, Ning 9003, Ning 9022, Ning 9039, Ningjing 040, Ningjing 4, Ningjing 7, Shendao 1647, Shendao 18-15, Shendao 18-4, Shendao 19, Shendao 20, Shendao 22, Shendao 2620, Si 15-234, Si 15-301, Sidao 14-211, Sidao 15, Songzaoxiang 1, Su 1795, Sujing 815, Suxiangjing 3, Suxiu 867, Taijing 1152, Taijing 2340, Wankenjing 3, Wu 4610, Wu 6267, Wujing 004, Wuyujing 3, Wuyun 5020, Wuyun 5051, Wuyunjing 21, Wuyunjing 27, Wuyunjing 32, Wuyunjing 80, Xindao 22, Xinkedao 31, Xu 36618, Xu 41368, Xudao 9, Xunong 33202, Yanjing 16, Yangjing 1612, Yangjing 239, Yangjing 3012, Yangjing 3491, Yangjing 5515, Yangyujing 2, Zhendao 9471, Zhendao 99
2018 早香粳1号, 福粳1601, 福粳1608, 沪早香181, 宁9036, 申粳1221, 圣稻18, 圣稻23, 圣稻24, 圣香66, 苏1785, 武育粳36号, 武运4326, 徐40398, 徐稻10号
Zaoxiangjing 1, Fujing 1601, Fujing 1608, Huzaoxiang 181, Ning 9036, Shenjing 1221, Shendao 18, Shendao 23, Shendao 24, Shenxiang 66, Su 1785, Wuyujing 36, Wuyun 4326, Xu 40398, Xudao 10

表2

供试品种(系)稻米品质的变异"

指标
Trait		 2017 2018
最小值 Minimum 最大值
Maximum		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 最小值 Minimum 最大值
Maximum		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)
糙米率 BR (%) 82.00 86.58 85.52 0.93 83.43 86.75 85.28 0.90
精米率 MR (%) 67.50 78.10 73.97 2.70 63.74 75.54 70.09 3.65
整精米率 HR (%) 47.18 74.86 63.89 8.47 39.22 70.79 58.14 12.09
垩白粒率 CKR (%) 10.23 88.70 35.80 51.18 11.20 90.73 33.98 49.89
垩白大小 CA (%) 15.44 41.29 26.19 17.01 20.54 50.77 28.03 16.97
垩白度 CKD (%) 1.57 36.63 9.75 64.22 2.29 46.07 9.89 68.44
蛋白质 PC (%) 8.25 10.30 9.17 4.12 7.20 10.05 8.53 6.99
直链淀粉 AC (%) 6.59 20.13 14.07 28.74 7.35 19.98 14.60 27.54
食味值 Taste value 45.07 76.00 58.96 13.10 42.83 80.67 61.59 12.36

图1

供试品种(系)垩白度、整精米率和直链淀粉分布"

表3

稻米品质指标的简单相关及偏相关分析"

指标
Trait		 糙米率
BR		 精米率
MR		 整精米率
HR		 垩白粒率
CKR		 垩白大小
CA		 垩白度
CKD		 蛋白质
PC		 直链淀粉
AC		 食味值 Taste value
SCC PCC
糙米率 BR 1 0.560** 0.057 0.160 0.183 0.167 0.083 0.082 0.072 —
精米率 MR 0.299** 1 -0.035 0.423** 0.158 0.364** 0.035 -0.389** 0.458** —
整精米 HR -0.064 0.380** 1 -0.258* -0.081 -0.264* 0.330** 0.317** -0.335** -0.057
垩白粒率 CKR 0.184 0.025 -0.307* 1 0.461** 0.944** -0.205 -0.638** 0.498** 0.189
垩白大小 CA 0.026 -0.045 -0.013 0.444** 1 0.682** 0.171 -0.025 -0.096 —
垩白度 CKD 0.097 -0.016 -0.251** 0.932** 0.694** 1 -0.128 -0.530** 0.365** -0.208
蛋白质 PC 0.171 0.187 0.326** -0.005 0.310* 0.115 1 0.350** -0.571** -0.480**
直链淀粉 AC -0.060 -0.210* 0.300** -0.598** -0.224* -0.533** 0.165 1 -0.797** -0.668**
食味值
Taste value		 SCC 0.009 0.079 -0.331** 0.435** -0.018 0.311** -0.661** -0.701** 1
PCC — — 0.128 0.173 — -0.091 -0.758** -0.700**

表4

供试品种(系)产量及其构成因素"

指标
Trait		 2017 2018
变幅
Range		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%) 变幅
Range		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%)
有效穗数
Number of effective panicles (×104 hm-2)		 302.58-467.52 365.20 8.16 268.51-456.36 350.82 8.58
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) 20.60-29.88 26.38 5.87 20.78-30.17 26.62 6.57
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle 75.38-136.08 103.21 10.48 74.19-134.88 103.31 11.08
结实率 Percentage of filled grains (%) 82.43-95.77 89.43 3.39 86.84-98.56 94.60 2.62
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2) 6.80-9.89 8.42 8.11 6.82-10.28 8.58 8.49
收获指数 Harvest index 0.44-0.49 0.46 2.39 0.44-0.49 0.47 2.34

表5

产量与产量构成因素的相关及通径分析"

指标
Trait		 简单相关系数
Simple
correlation
coefficient		 直接通径
系数
Direct path coefficients		 间接通径系数Indirect path coefficients 决策系数
Decision coefficient
有效穗数
Number of
effective panicles		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 穗粒数
Spikelet per panicle		 结实率
Percentage of filled grain		 合计
Total
2017
有效穗数
Number of effective panicles		 0.083 0.976 — -0.163 -0.742 0.013 -0.893 -0.791
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 0.287** 0.720 -0.222 — -0.180 -0.032 -0.433 -0.105
穗粒数
Spikelet per panicle		 0.538** 1.354 -0.535 -0.096 — -0.184 -0.814 -0.376
结实率
Percentage of filled grains		 -0.253** 0.398 0.031 -0.058 -0.626 — -0.652 -0.360
2018
有效穗数
Number of effective panicles		 0.002 0.968 — -0.194 -0.790 0.018 -0.967 -0.933
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 0.303** 0.752 -0.250 — -0.242 0.042 -0.450 -0.110
穗粒数
Spikelet per panicle		 0.549** 1.399 -0.547 -0.130 — -0.173 -0.850 -0.421
结实率
Percentage of filled grains		 -0.181 0.359 0.048 0.087 -0.676 — -0.540 -0.259

表6

供试品种(系)干物质积累及氮素吸收"

指标
Trait		 2017 2018
变幅
Range		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%) 变幅
Range		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%)
茎干重 SDM (t hm-2) 4.62-7.44 6.01 9.29 4.78-7.09 5.99 8.34
叶干重 LDM (t hm-2) 2.24-4.37 3.28 12.34 2.15-3.83 3.05 11.43
穗干重 PDM (t hm-2) 6.94-10.99 9.00 8.93 7.20-11.63 9.21 9.72
总干重 TDM (t hm-2) 14.56-21.25 18.29 7.89 14.77-21.23 18.25 7.94
茎含氮率 SNR (%) 0.80-1.19 1.02 8.94 0.71-1.18 0.94 9.64
叶含氮率 LNR (%) 1.33-1.86 1.59 8.50 1.09-1.65 1.39 7.92
穗含氮率 PNR (%) 1.24-1.56 1.36 4.66 1.06-1.50 1.28 6.32
茎吸氮量 SNC (kg hm-2) 43.92-84.95 61.50 12.71 37.94-73.85 55.97 11.60
叶吸氮量 LNC (kg hm-2) 36.62-70.98 52.00 12.57 25.96-58.01 42.33 13.61
穗吸氮量 PNC (kg hm-2) 89.19-149.51 121.92 8.60 89.37-144.78 117.32 9.73
总吸氮量 TNC (kg hm-2) 194.77-270.38 235.42 6.50 175.72-246.13 215.63 6.80

表7

总吸氮量与其构成因素相关及通径分析"

指标
Trait		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation coefficient		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficients		 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficients 决策系数
Decision coefficient
茎干重
SDM		 叶干重
LDM		 穗干重
PDM		 茎含氮率
SNR		 叶含氮率
LNR		 穗含氮率
PNR		 合计
Total
2017
茎干重SDM 0.669** 0.382 — 0.159 0.376 -0.016 -0.094 -0.139 0.287 0.365
叶干重LDM 0.693** 0.428 0.142 — 0.327 0.052 -0.093 -0.164 0.265 0.410
穗干重PDM 0.803** 0.692 0.208 0.202 — -0.042 -0.147 -0.110 0.111 0.632
茎含氮率SNR 0.214* 0.354 -0.017 0.063 -0.083 — -0.006 -0.097 -0.140 0.026
叶含氮率LNR -0.342** 0.273 -0.132 -0.146 -0.373 -0.008 — 0.043 -0.615 -0.261
穗含氮率PNR -0.261* 0.358 -0.148 -0.196 -0.212 -0.096 0.033 — -0.619 -0.315
2018
茎干重SDM 0.611** 0.312 — 0.202 0.294 -0.055 -0.029 -0.112 0.300 0.284
叶干重LDM 0.768** 0.353 0.178 — 0.444 0.026 -0.012 -0.221 0.415 0.418
穗干重PDM 0.811** 0.753 0.122 0.208 — -0.055 -0.066 -0.151 0.059 0.654
茎含氮率SNR 0.059 0.356 -0.048 0.025 -0.117 — 0.040 -0.198 -0.297 -0.085
叶含氮率LNR -0.106 0.205 -0.044 -0.020 -0.241 0.069 — -0.075 -0.311 -0.085
穗含氮率PNR -0.155 0.487 -0.072 -0.160 -0.233 -0.145 -0.031 — -0.642 -0.388

表8

影响产量、氮素吸收及稻米品质的关键指标间的相关系数"

指标 茎干重
SDM		 叶干重
LDM		 穗干重
PDM		 蛋白质
PC		 直链淀粉
AC		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 穗粒数
Spikelet per panicle
茎干重 SDM 1 0.371** 0.544** -0.190 0.013 0.258* 0.337**
叶干重 LDM 0.583** 1 0.473** -0.346** -0.002 0.276** 0.310**
穗干重 PDM 0.400** 0.590** 1 -0.144 -0.107 0.248* 0.484**
蛋白质 PC -0.227* -0.563** -0.358** 1 0.250* 0.044 -0.085
直链淀粉 AC 0.042 -0.026 -0.039 0.165 1 0.121 0.097
千粒重 1000-grain weight 0.366** 0.424** 0.212* -0.190 0.023 1 -0.133
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle 0.280** 0.387** 0.544** -0.231* 0.144 -0.173 1
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